Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia

Tecnológico de Monterrey | ITESM · Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas (Escuela de Medicina)

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease produced by different factors, including infection, trauma, and neurogenesis, that lead to trigeminal nerve damage and impaired corneal sensitivity. Extensive epithelial breakdown, impaired corneal epithelial healing and corneal ulceration, stromal melting, and perforation are main NK...

The onset of scleral necrosis after ocular surgery can have catastrophic ocular and systemic consequences. The two most frequent surgeries causing surgically-induced scleral necrosis (SISN) are pterygium excision and cataract extraction. Several pathogenic mechanisms are involved in SISN. All of them are poorly understood. Ocular trauma increasing...

Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) represents a clinical spectrum of a relatively common and usually underdiagnosed phenomenon produced by spontaneous pigment dispersion from the iris into the anterior segment. PDS is often bilateral, has no gender predisposition, and presents at a young age, particularly in myopes. Although most patients experienci...

Background To analyze the relationship between the central foveal thickness (CFT) and the integrity of the ellipsoid portion of inner segments (EPIS) and interdigitating zone (IZ) retinal layers in the visual outcome of uveitic macular edema (UME). Methods Prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study of eyes with UME. Spectral-domain opti...

Purpose. To describe the demographic characteristics and clinical course of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in a Mexican-mestizo population. Methods. A retrospective observational and longitudinal study was performed in consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy seen at our institution. Initia...

The cornea is a densely innervated, avascular tissue showing exceptional inflammatory and immune responses. The cornea is a site of lymphangiogenic and angiogenic privilege devoid of blood and lymphatic vessels that limits the entry of inflammatory cells from the adjacent and highly immunoreactive conjunctiva. Immunological and anatomical differenc...

Introduction: VKH is a primary stromal choroiditis. Studies with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) have shown that inflammation begins at the choroid and may persist without clinically apparent inflammation. Thus, systemic therapy must target choroidal inflammation and be maintained until the choroiditis resolves, as proven by ICG and/or EDI-OC...

We have seen that poor compliance with sustained eyelid hygiene and meibomian gland massaging is related to the frequent recurrence of ocular surface inflammation in patients with PBKC. Therefore we want to emphasize the importance of eyelid therapy as a maintenance regimen in PBKC. In our practice, all patients suspected or diagnosed with PBKC are...

Objective: Surgically induced scleral necrosis (SISN) is a potentially blinding sequela that may occur after any ocular procedure. SISN in the context of active tuberculosis is seldom seen. We report a case of a patient with asymptomatic tuberculosis who developed SISN after pterygium surgery. Methods: A 76-year-old Mexican-mestizo woman from Vera...

Background/Aim: The importance of an accurate determination of central corneal thickness (CCT) relies on its diagnostic and therapeutic implications in glaucoma, corneal ectasias, corneal edema and endothelial function monitoring, refractive surgery suitability, among others. We aimed to analyze the repeatability, reproducibility, correlation, and...

El Panel Mexicano de Expertos en Ojo Seco está conformado por un grupo académico representativo de especialistas en córnea y superficie ocular, líderes de opi- nión en el tema, preocupados por el incremento expo- nencial del ojo seco y los cambios patológicos que pro- duce en la superficie ocular, incluyendo la visión y afectando a cada vez más gru...

Acute anterior uveitis is the most common type of uveitis. Subsequent reactivation of acute anterior uveitis after the successful control of an initial episode has been linked to several risk factors. Less commonly, acute anterior uveitis reactivation has been associated with a traumatic stimulus. We present the case of a 55-year-old man with a 2-y...

Purpose Prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) are first-line treatments for ocular hypertension (OHT) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). However, frequent side effects and high costs hinder patient’s compliance resulting in disease progression. Evidence suggests selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) may be considered a first-line treatment for OHT and OAG due t...

Background/Objectives To analyse the higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and their visual impact on a paediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (PBKC) cohort compared with healthy controls. Subjects/Methods A prospective observational, case-control study of paediatric patients (≤ 16 years old) was designed. Subjects underwent a visual system wavefront a...

Introduction: To report the clinical presentation and outcomes of epibulbar dermoid. Methods: Epibulbar dermoids were reviewed in a Mexican eye-care system over a 22-year period. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed. Results: 24 patients (25 eyes), 10 females and 14 males, were included. Mean ag...

Background/purpose Identify the prevalence and risk factors for secondary glaucoma among Mexican-mestizo patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (VKH). Methods Retrospective cohort study analyzing the demographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables. Risk estimates were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results...

Purpose: To analyze the progression stage and therapeutic outcome of ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (OMMP) in Mexican-mestizo patients. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study of OMMP patients. Ocular and extraocular manifestations, treatment, and visual acuity were recorded from all patients. Outcome measures, including inflammato...

Purpose To determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and mechanisms of secondary glaucoma in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. Methods This retrospective, longitudinal observational study analyzed the demographic data, disease stage, glaucoma development, intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity, lens status, optic nerve, gon...

Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are idiopathic inflammatory myopathies characterized by progressive, symmetric, mainly proximal muscle weakness. DM is also characterized by cutaneous involvement. However, other clinical features, systemic involvement, histopathological findings, response to treatment, and prognosis, differ significantly....

Drs. Brusini and Papa address the utility of the near-infrared (NIR) iris transillumination technique as a sensitive, fast, and affordable method for detecting and monitoring peripheral iris transillumination a common but not pathognomonic feature of PDS and pigmentary glaucoma (PG). For some reason, the development of the NIR iris transilluminati...

El tratamiento de las conjuntivitis infecciosas depende del agente etiológico, la cronología de su aparición (aguda o insidiosa,) la gravedad del proceso infeccioso-inflamatorio y el estado inmune del huésped. Diversos agentes antibióticos, anti-fúngicos y anti-virales son empleados según el agente causal del proceso infeccioso-inflamatorio de la s...

Agentes inmunomoduladores (esteroides, inmunosupresores y biológicos) son empleados con frecuencia para tratar las uveítis no infecciosas. Al suprimir al sistema inmune, existe la preocupación de mayor riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 Pacientes en IMT pueden tener mayor riesgo de transmitir o desarrollar una infección más grave por el virus SARS-...

Purpose To assess the corneal endothelial morphometry in healthy elderly Hispanic eyes. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and analytical study was designed to assess the central region of the corneal endothelium by specular microscopy. A total of 241 eyes from 125 patients were studied. All eyes included were fr...

Dry eye disease (DED) has a higher prevalence than many important systemic disorders like cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, representing a significant quality of life burden for the affected patients. It is a common reason for consultation in general eye clinics worldwide. Nowadays, the diagnostic and therapeutic approach at the high co...

La enfermedad del ojo seco (EOS) tiene una prevalencia mayor que muchas otras enfermedades sistémicas importantes, como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la diabetes mellitus, y supone un importante menoscabo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes afectados. Es un motivo de consulta habitual en clínicas oftalmológicas en todo el mundo. Hoy en día...

Original Article Purpose: The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic put medical residency programs in a predicament, impacting clinical attention and surgical practice. This study aims to describe the adjustments applied in an ophthalmology residency program to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Materials and Methods: An observational,...

Background/aims: To evaluate the role of early immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK). Methods: Single-centre, retrospective, comparative cohort study. Patients with RA-associated PUK were divided into two groups; those exposed to and those not exposed to ea...

Objectives Dry eye disease (DED) is arguably the most frequent ocular disease encountered in ophthalmic clinical practice. DED is frequently an underestimated condition causing a significant impact on visual function and quality of life. Many systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) are related to moderate to severe DED. The main objective of this revi...

An exhaustive search of the world's literature was performed to analyze all case reports and series on the modified osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (MOOKP) published up to January 2022. The demographic profile, the primary indication for surgery, surgical technique variations, postoperative medical management, long-term functional and anatomical outc...

Surgically-induced scleral necrosis (SISN) is frequently a devastating complication after any type of ocular surgery. The etiologic prevalence of SISN is changing from pterygium surgery related to adjunctive beta-radiation or antifibrotic therapy, mainly mitomycin-C (MMC), to other significant surgical procedures. Since the inclusion of the conjunc...

Background The needs of informal caregivers who provide care to family relatives with visual impairment are often neglected, resulting in burden and depression. Objective To determine the degree of burden and the prevalence of major depression experienced by caregivers, defined as non-paid family relatives, of legally blind individuals in a Mexica...

Trachoma is a blinding infection caused by an ancient organism, Chlamydia trachomatis, that remains the world’s leading cause of infectious blindness. The repeated episodes of reinfection reflect a sustained cellular immune-mediated inflammatory response to chlamydial antigens, which causes scarring, eyelid distortion, and entropion with the eyelas...

Background: To identify the prevalence and risk factors for secondary glaucoma among Mexican-mestizo patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (VKH). A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify the risk factors for developing secondary glaucoma based on demographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables of VKH Mexican-mestizo patients...

One of the most frequent extra-articular manifestations of Rheumatoid arthritis is ocular inflammation expressed in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations; from dry eye disease-related or not to secondary Sjögren syndrome, infectious conjunctivitis, scleritis, and keratitis among others. Necrotizing scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis...

Background: The role of scleral contact lenses (SCLs) has increasingly expanded since the first lens was fitted more than a century ago. While it was initially prescribed for the management of severely compromised corneas, the indications for modern SCL use have expanded to include less severe diseases. In this review, we aimed to provide an up-to-...

Infectious eye disorders represent one of the most feared, sight-threatening, and challenging clinical ocular conditions. Visual loss due to eye infection significantly impacts patients’ productivity and quality of life. The development of accurate diagnostic tests and better treatment alternatives results from intensive and innovative medical rese...

The severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus‑2 can present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, mainly respiratory, but also with different neurologic symptoms. On the other hand, the Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is a complication of varicella‑zoster virus (VZV) reactivation presenting mainly in older patients, patients un...

The focus of this chapter is to review the most recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of contact-lens-related infectious keratitis, the most sight-threatening complication of contact lens wear. In the last decades, contact lenses technology has confronted several challenges, including the need for safer and more comfortable polymer materia...

INTRODUCTION: To analyze the main indications for penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), risk factors for graft survival, and visual outcome in a pediatric population. METHODS: Ambispective, descriptive, and longitudinal study including patients under 18 years of age who had undergone PKP for multiple causes between November 2000 and October 2018 in Nort...

Background: Over recent years a revolutionary trend happened on imaging technologies to diagnose and monitor treatment of a varied group of ophthalmic pathologies. Recent reports have analyzed the microstructural changes of the various ocular surface and corneal disorders, particularly ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and keratoconus using...

There is a risk of abrupt corneal stromal melting and perforation after uncomplicated cataract surgery in patients with inadvertent systemic autoimmune disease, including rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren´s syndrome, among others.

Background: This study aims to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and mechanisms of secondary glaucoma in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. We performed a retrospective, observational, and longitudinal study in VKH patients seen from 2001 to 2019. Demographic data, disease stage, glaucoma development, visual outcome, and manageme...

Purpose To describe the demographic characteristics and clinical course of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in a Mexican-mestizo population. Methods A retrospective observational and longitudinal study was performed in consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy seen at our institution. Initial...

Machine learning (ML) has an impressive capacity to learn and analyze a large volume of data. This study aimed to train different algorithms to discriminate between healthy and pathologic corneal images by evaluating digitally processed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) corneal images. A set of 22 SD-OCT images belonging to a ra...

Machine learning (ML) has a large capacity to learn and analyze a large volume of data. This study aimed to train different algorithms to discriminate between healthy and pathologic corneal images by evaluating digitally processed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) corneal images. A set of 22 SD-OCT images belonging to a random s...

El síndrome de disfunción límbica es un trastorno crónico y degenerativo que afecta al epitelio corneal produciendo neovascularización, metaplasia escamosa y pérdida de la transparencia de la córnea. Su manejo médico-quirúrgico es crucial para la rehabilitación visual del paciente.

Purpose: Considering that systemic autoimmune response may play a role in the pathogenic mechanism of central corneal ulceration in patients with Sjögren syndrome, we analyzed the correlation between corneal ulceration and disease activity its reactivation related to systemic drug reduction, discontinuation, or therapeutic failure. Methods: A retr...

Youth (ages 15–24) is the most connected age group worldwide. Around 71% of them are online compared with 48% of the total population. Growing evidence indicates that children are accessing the internet at increasingly younger ages. And in many countries now, children <15 years are as likely to use the internet as adults over 25. The impact of info...

Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (OMMP), a subset of Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune-mediated progressive cicatrizing conjunctivitis with the potential for corneal blindness. Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) is considered the gold standard for the diagnostic confirmation of this condition; nevertheless, in many cases, this immunop...

The objective of this study is to review the ocular surface changes and complications of patients with Sjögren syndrome and assess their visual impact. A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study of patients with Sjögren syndrome diagnosed according to the American–European Consensus Group criteria was designed. Data incl...

Purpose: To describe and analyze the microstructural changes in herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) observed in vivo by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at different stages of the disease. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, observational, and comparative SD-OCT analysis of corneas with active and inactive keratitis was perfo...

View Full-Version Article: https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/5IIHCQU65UZIYWAVC6IX/full?target=10.1080/17469899.2020.1794823

The purpose is to report the ocular complications observed after compound cranial nerve palsies secondary to multiple clivus chordoma resection surgeries. A 38‐year‐old man was referred to our clinic with diplopia and foreign‐body sensation. Examination revealed a right peripheral facial paralysis with paralytic lagophthalmos leading to exposure ke...

Purpose: To assess the corneal endothelial morphometry in healthy elderly Hispanic eyes. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and analytical study was designed to assess by specular microscopy the central region of the corneal endothelium. In a 4-year period, a total of 75 eyes from 42 patients were studied. All ey...

Objective: Lyme disease is a rare multi-systemic infection and like in many other countries, in Mexico it is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of certain forms of uveitis due to lack of knowledge about the risk factors of Borrelia burgdorfe- ri infection. This report aims to review such risk factors, the clinical characteristics of oc...

El síndrome de ojo seco es un trastorno multifactorial que suele ir acompañado de diversas enfermedades sistémicas. Entre otros trastornos congénitos, destacan la alácrima, la displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica, el síndrome de displasia ectodérmica, ectrodactilia y paladar hendido y el síndrome de Riley-Day, entre otras. Enfermedades dermatooculares...