Alejandro Muñoz Urias

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• Doctor
• Professor at University of Guadalajara

Understanding the effects of urbanization on bee communities is essential for conservation and management programs for these pollinators. We investigated bee communities in two distinct land-use conditions in Mexico: one within the Bosque el Nixticuil-San Esteban-El Diente Natural Protected Area, which represents a conserved oak forest, and the oth...

Background: Bees rely on plants for nutrition and reproduction, making the preservation of natural areas crucial as pollinator reservoirs. Seasonal tropical dry forests are among the richest habitats for bees, but only 27% of their original extent remains in Mexico. In contrast, temperate forests harbor fewer bee species and face high deforestation...

Mexico’s wild bee richness includes 1,800 species, however, there is a lack of studies on this group in the country. Therefore, it is of extreme importance to intensify the study on this group of insects, so this research aimed to compile an inventory of the melittofauna of Sierra de Quila, Jalisco, Mexico, to evaluate alpha diversity in different...

Background: Magnolia pugana populations are declining, in addition, it is estimated that precipitation will decrease by up to 10 % and temperatures will increase (2-4 °C) under the most severe climate change scenario, which may affect germination. Hypotheses: The interaction of increased temperature and decreased water potential reduces and delays...

Climate change has challenged large-scale crop production at a global level. Global temperature increases, water scarcity, and a further reduction in cultivable land resources due to an-thropogenic impacts have resulted in the need to redesign agricultural systems such as intercrop-ping to maximize the efficient use of natural resources. Arbuscular...

Background: Percentage and speed of germination are crucial factors that can restrict processes involved in plant succession during ecological restoration. Pre-germination treatments and the effect of storage time on germination percentage and mean germination time were investigated in nine native herbaceous plants of the La Primavera Flora and Fau...

The monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus, is a species of parrot that is native to South America. By 2016 it had become invasive in Mexico and its populations have since increased dramatically, particularly in urban areas. It is currently difficult to predict whether it will expand into non–urban areas of the country. The aim of this work was to asse...

Introduction: Rhynchophorus palmarum L. is the most destructive pest in Cocos nucifera plantations in Mexico. Objective: To estimate the cost-benefit of collecting R. palmarum by trapping in two coconut genotypes and to determine the correlation of trapping with environmental factors. Materials and methods: R. palmarum insects were captured on th...

Introducción. Rhynchophorus palmarum es la plaga de mayor importancia económica del cocotero en México. Objetivos. i) Determinar la captura de R. palmarum en cinco tipos de trampas. ii) Estimar el costo anual y el costo-beneficio de la captura en los cinco tipos de trampas. iii) Comparar la captura entre dos huertas con diferente genotipo [variedad...

Pliocen megaherbivores from Jalisco, Mexico

The animals that visit the flowers, pollinators and reproductive system of Opuntia joconostle were studied. The objectives of the work were to identify its floral visitors, to determine which are the most effective pollinators and to evaluate the importance of floral visitors in seed production. To determine the richness and frequency of the animal...

Introducción.Rhynchophorus palmarum es la plaga de mayor importancia económica del cocotero en México. Objetivos. i) Determinar la captura de R. palmarumen cinco tipos de trampas. ii) Estimar el costo anual y el costobeneficio de la captura en los cinco tipos de trampas. iii) Comparar la captura entre dos huertas con diferente genotipo [variedad “A...

Amphibians contribute to Mexico being considered a megadiverse country, due to its high endemism close to 60 %. At least 174 species (48 %) of Mexican amphibians are threatened or critically threatened mainly by anthropogenic factors. The objective of the present work was to describe richness, diversity, distribution patterns, and to identify the m...

Background: Populus luziarum and P. primaveralepensis are endemic species of western Mexico; growing in riparian forests they are critically endangered. The best way to conserve their seeds is unknown, which could be limiting for their conservation. Hypothesis: The germinability of both subtropical species is like that of boreal and template Salic...

This document offers an approach to the collegiate work carried out for the curricular restructuring of the Undergraduate Educational Program for the Bachelor of Biology at the University of Guadalajara. It presents the main elements of analysis and curricular definition that gave structure to the opinion proposal that is currently in force. Finall...

Species distribution along environmental gradients reflects the effects of several factors at different scales. The research was carried out at El Huizache Corridor, in the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, which is an important center of origin and diversification of cacti. The aim of the study was to assess the relative importance of climatic and...

Little is known about the effect of adult leafhopper age and its oviposition period on the emergence of egg parasitoids. The objective of this study was to determine the emergence rate of egg parasitoids that attack eggs of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), when the adult corn leafhopper differs in age and is...

From their chemical nature to their ecological interactions, coral reef ecosystems have a lot in common with highly productive terrestrial ecosystems. While plants are responsible for primary production in the terrestrial sphere, the photosynthetic endosymbionts of corals are the key producers in reef communities. As in plants, coral microbiota hav...

Sotoa confusa is a little conspicuous terrestrial orchid that is distributed in arid and semi-arid land of Mexico and south of USA, its life history is poorly known, so phenology and interaction of this species with shrubs was studied; its bloom occurs in March and fructifies in April (the driest period of the year), latter, from July to September...

In Mexico, bean crop is one of the most important agricultural resources to provide food also for its economic value as product. However, there is a lack of research related with Phaseolus vulgaris varieties, specifically for plants cultivated for human consumption as common bean pods. It was characterized the main phenological events and the bioma...

Bee communities were studied with three different conditions of land-use: 1) urban area; 2) crops and livestock; and, 3) preserved vegetation. All three conditions have elements of tropical dry forest and are in the "Sierra de Quila" Flora and Fauna Protection Area and its influence zone. Sampling was carried out throughout the year (three days per...

Es abundante la información sobre los problemas ambientales que afectan a las urbes más importantes del mundo, pero es limitada para México. Esta revela que los servicios ambientales proporcionados por la vegetación, particularmente el arbolado, contribuyen a reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, por ejemplo; sin embargo, su eficien...

Little is known about the host-parasitoid interactions on the edges of crops during winter. Our objective was to determine the parasitoid species that attack nymphs and adults of leafhoppers and planthoppers, and evaluate the interactions that occur during winter on maize edges. Between January and June of 2014 and 2015 leafhoppers and planthoppers...

The aim of this study was to describe morphological variations of Opuntia jaliscana in 5 wild populations in the state of Jalisco (Mexico). Populations were selected along an environmental aridity gradient, and 61 vegetative and reproductive characters from 25 individuals were measured per population. Quantitative characters were analyzed independe...

Biotic pollination is a mutualistic interaction between animals and plants of importance for the func- tioning of natural ecosystems, as it is indispensable in the reproduc- tion of many species of wild-type and cultivated plants, from which we obtain food and raw materials for various industries. The main biotic pollinators of plants are in- sects...

This study describes the haploid chromosome number (n), recombination index (RI), ploidy level and DNA content by DNA flow cytometry of six Opuntia (prickly pear) species from Mexico. Opuntia heliabravoana was diploid (2n =2x = 22, x = 11) with RI = 26; O. jonocostle, O. matudae and O. oligacantha were hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66) with RI = 74, 71, and...

The aim of this study was to determine the pollen content of propolis elaborated by Apis mellifera L. in four samples collected over the course of one year and correlate the information with antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Candida albicans (yeast). The minimal inhibitory con...

Corresponding author: rramirez@cucba.udg.mx Background Intraguild predation (IGP), predation between species that use a common resource, can affect the populations of a pest, of the pest's natural enemy (IG-prey), and the predator of the pest's natural enemy (IG-predator). In this study, we determined whether the parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus (Hy...

Los estudios cuantitativos acerca de la vegetación en México se han centrado en bosques tropicales y mesófilos de montaña; comparativamente, los existentes sobre bosques templados son relativamente escasos. Muchos se han enfocado a describir la luz como fuerza directriz en la repartición de recursos entre las especies; sin embargo, algunos como los...

Quantitative studies about vegetation in Mexico have focused on tropical and cloud mountain forests, compared to which those of temperate forests are relatively scarce. Many have described light as a directing force in the distribution of resources among species; however, some such as soil nutriments have received less attention. In this paper is d...

There is abundant information on environmental issues that affect the most important cities of the world, but it is limited in Mexico. This reveals that the environmental services provided by urban vegetation, particularly trees, contribute to reduce emissions of greenhouses gases, temperature as well as the intensity of both heat island and heat w...

RESUMEN Los estudios cuantitativos acerca de la vegetación en México se han centrado en bosques tropicales y mesófilos de montaña; comparativamente, los existentes sobre bosques templados son relativamente escasos. Muchos se han enfocado a describir la luz como fuerza directriz en la repartición de recursos entre las especies; sin embargo, algunos...

Although the Mexican corn leafhopper Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) is an important vector of maize pathogens, little is known about its biology in natural conditions, particularly about its overwintering habitats. Winter populations are a source of infestation of crops and are responsible for efficient distribution of offspring in the new habitat that i...

We studied the influence of soil heterogeneity on plant community structure in a semiarid region of Central Mexico using Bray-Curtis Ordination. The results showed that some edaphic factors, such as soil depth, organic matter, and potassium and calcium content, explained 80% of the total variation in structure of the studied communities. We found t...

The rates of instantaneous net CO2 uptake were measured every 2 h over 24 h periods in young stems (cladodes) of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller those were well-watered or exposed to drought during the Spring. Stem relative water content was also measured. Young cladodes showed Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Spring drought reduced daily net C...

The rates of instantaneous net CO2 uptake were measured every 2 h over 24 h periods in young stems (cladodes) of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller those were well-watered or exposed to drought during the Spring. Stem relative water content was also measured. Young cladodes showed Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Spring drought reduced daily net C...

Se evaluó la variación fenotípica a través de 28 variables anatómicas y morfológicas mediante análisis discriminantes en poblaciones de Opuntia cantabrigiensis, O. leucotricha, O. rastrera, O. robusta y O. streptacantha que se encuentran separadas entre sí por distancias de entre 32 y 110 km. La altitud y la temperatura media anual no mostraron var...

Phenotypic variation in different populations of Opuntia cantabrigiensis, O. leucotricha, O. rastrera, O. robusta and O. streptacantha was evaluated by examining 28 anatomical and morphologic variables through discriminant analysis. These populations are separated from each other by distances ranging between 32 and 110 km. Altitude and annual avera...

Morphological, physical and chemical traits related with fruit quality characteristics of Spondias purpurea L. agroecosystems were studied in Central-West Mexico for wild and cultivated populations. Spondias purpurea regularly thrive in shallow, rocky infertile soils unsuitable for conventional crops. The weight, axial and radial length, pH, total...

Production systems of Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae) in Central West México. Morphological, physical and chemical traits related with fruit quality characteristics of Spondias purpurea L. agroecosystems were studied in Central-West Mexico for wild and cultivated populations. Spondias purpurea regularly thrive in shallow, rocky infertile soils un...

During pre-Hispanic times, there were extensive Opuntia forests in the semiarid regions of central Mexico. In the colonial period the migration of the Spanish to these regions promoted land clearing for agricultural activities, a tendency that continues in modern times, ultimately leading to deforestation and fragmentation of wild Opuntia populatio...

The effects of drought and the fungicide benomyl on a wild platyopuntia, Opuntia robusta Wendl., growing in a rocky semi-arid environment were assessed. Cladode phosphorus content, cladode water potential and daily net CO2 uptake were measured monthly in 2000 and 2001 before, during and after the summer rainy period. During 2000, the formation of n...

Introduccion Algunas de las propiedades de las hojas de las plantas han recibido mucha investigación, siendo la arquitectura foliar el tema mas abordado, pues la gran diversidad propicia una gran respuesta al ambiente. Así, las propiedades físicas de las hojas son poco abordadas, una de ellas es la respuesta a la luz, la reflectancia, absorción y t...