Alejandro Leon

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Verified

Alejandro verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Researcher at University of Veracruz

We evaluated the effects of varying temporal and spatial parameters on behavioral transitions within a water-seeking situation. Subjects were 8 experimentally-naïve male Wistar rats divided into 2 groups of 4 rats. For both groups, 2 independent schedules of water delivery were simultaneously available in two different locations of the experimental...

Currently, there are different programs that allow recording locomotion data through video-tracking systems. Nonetheless, open-access applications for the analysis of data obtained with those programs are scarce or limited. We describe a software designed for the analysis of tracking data obtained with different organisms in experimental arenas, th...

Currently, there are different programs that allow recording locomotion data through video-tracking systems. Nonetheless, open-access applications for the analysis of data obtained with those programs are scarce or limited. We describe a software designed for the analysis of tracking data obtained with different organisms in experimental arenas. In...

It has been reported in non-contingent schedules that the variety of patterns of behavior is affected by the temporal variation of water deliveries. While temporal variation is accomplished by delivering water at fixed or variable times, spatial variation is usually accomplished by varying the number of dispensers and distance among them. Such crit...

This paper introduces a new method for analyzing how spatial behavior is organized, using weighted Voronoi diagrams. The objective is to track and understand where an experimental subject moves and distributes time within an experimental space, helping to identify specific areas of highest behavioral interest. The method involves dividing the space...

Interval timing behavior is traditionally investigated in operant chambers based on the very focal responses of the subjects (e.g., head entry to the magazine, lever press). These measures are blind to the movement trajectory of the animals and capture only a tiny segment and sometimes an idiosyncratic component of the animal's behavior. In other w...

Se explora cómo la ciencia abierta, mediante la implementación de principios de calidad y gobernanza de datos, contribuye a prevenir malas prácticas científicas, promoviendo la transparencia, la reproducibilidad y la integridad en la investigación.

This paper presents a novel approach to the analysis of spatial behavior distribution, utilizing weighted Voronoi diagrams. The objective is to map and understand how an experimental subject moves and spends time in various areas of a given space, thus identifying the areas of greatest behavioral interest. The technique entails the partitioning of...

The standard transposition task has been widely used for studying relational behaviour, typically involving discrete responses (mouse clicks) and response latencies within a unidimensional stimuli array displayed on a computer screen. However, little attention has been given to the role of inspection patterns (´scanning´ movement patterns on the sc...

Operant studies of interactions between individuals have focused on evaluating the effects of reinforcement schedules based on discrete responses, with little attention to the impacts on interindividual spatial dynamics or the use of spatial responses relevant to establishing interindividual behavior. Using real time recording of organisms’ movemen...

This study proposes an innovative approach to analyze spatial patterns of behavior by integrating information in weighted Voronoi diagrams. The objective of the research is to analyze the temporal distribution of an experimental subject in different regions of a given space, with the aim of identifying significant areas of interest. The methodology...

Operant studies of interactions between individuals have focused on evaluating the effects of reinforcement schedules based on discrete responses, with little attention to the impacts on interindividual spatial dynamics or the use of spatial responses relevant to establishing interindividual behavior. Using real time recording of organisms’ movemen...

The standard transposition task has been widely used for studying relational behaviour, typically involving discrete responses (mouse clicks) and response latencies within a unidimensional stimuli array displayed on a computer screen. However, little attention has been given to the role of inspection patterns (´scanning´ movement patterns on the sc...

In most Pavlovian conditioning studies, the spatial dimension of behavior is often overlooked, with experimental subjects typically being immobilized. However, it has been reported that freely locomoting organisms exposed to Pavlovian contingencies form a Conditional Response that incorporates their spatial behavioral patterns, such as displacement...

This study proposes an innovative approach to analyze spatial patterns of behavior by integrating information in weighted Voronoi diagrams. The objective of the research is to analyze the temporal distribution of an experimental subject in different regions of a given space, with the aim of identifying significant areas of interest. The methodology...

Several studies have shown that the use of conventional verbal segments (CS) can facilitate the presentation of transposition responses, even in distant tests. In those studies: A) the effect of limiting the use of CS during task resolution was not systematically evaluated; and B) only two stimuli were used during training. In this context, the aim...

En las contingencias pavlovianas se programa el pareamiento de al menos dos estímulos presentados de manera independiente de la actividad del organismo: uno inicialmente neutro (EN) y otro que provoca consistentemente una respuesta (EI). Después del pareamiento, el EN (ahora EC) comienza a provocar la respuesta que antes no provocaba (RC). Se ha re...

Traditionally, the experimental analysis of behavior has relied on the single discrete response paradigm (e.g., key pecks, lever presses, screen clicks) to identify behavioral patterns. However, the development and availability of new technology allow researchers to move beyond this paradigm and use other features to detect schedules. To this end,...

Se examina la evolución del número de artículos publicados sobre Análisis Conductual Aplicado (ACA) en México durante el periodo 2003-2023. Se concluye que las contribuciones de ACA en la Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta (RMAC) han sido consistentemente escasas, sugiriendo así un desarrollo limitado del ACA en México. Se destaca que la...

Se analiza cómo la ciencia abierta, respaldada por plataformas como el Open Science Framework, y potenciada por herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial está transformando el proceso editorial convencional. Se presentan herramientas para promover el acceso abierto, la transparencia, la colaboración y la utilización de nuevas tecnologías para increme...

Animal movement is crucial for ecological behavior, including food and water-seeking, mating, and predator avoidance. Behavioral variability enables organisms to adapt to environmental changes. We propose using entropy-based measures as a means of quantifying spatial behavioral variability under low- and high-variability contingencies using spatiot...

In behavior analysis, the modulation of the effect of time-based schedules by the spatial characteristics of the environment has been scarcely studied. Furthermore, the spatial organization of behavior, despite its ubiquity and ecological relevance, has not been widely addressed. The purpose of the present work was to analyze the effect of water de...

The ability to locate events after a change of position of the observer has been studied with the Spatial Orientation Paradigm (SOP). Inconsistent results have been reported about the age and quality of the environment from which such ability is presented. Such inconsistencies could be due to the limited recording of a single discrete response duri...

Se describe el diseño y funcionamiento de un dispensador de alimento de bajo costo. El dispensador consta de un microcontrolador Arduino® Uno, un actuador (motor PAP Unipolar 28BYJ-18 5V, Módulo driver ULN2003) que opera un disco perforado de MDF y un tobogán de entrega de PVC. El dispensador tiene una capacidad de 16 entregas de alimento por carga...

The behavioral system as an emergent system comprises the environment and organism subsystems, and it includes spatial dynamics as a primary dimension in natural settings. Nevertheless, under the standard approaches, for reasons related to affordable technology in the first half of the 20th century, the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) was p...

This editorial is a proposal and an open invitation to participate in the novel multidisciplinary approach of experimental behavior analysis (EBA) with artificial intelligence (AI) and mechatronics (MT), which could be called computational-experimental analysis of behavior (CEAB), and its purpose is to motivate Latin American researchers to make co...

We analyzed behavioral dynamic and the function of a stimulus under four different conditions of constancy -variation in space (Fixed or Variable location of a water source) and time (FT or VT schedules) of a signaled water delivery. Subjects were 12 water-deprived Wistar rats. The apparatus was an enlarged experimental chamber with a water dispens...

In the present study, the spatiotemporal dynamics (derived from locomotion measures and response rates) between healthy and Vestibular Syndrome (VS) Wistar rats were compared. Four water-deprived subjects were exposed to 30 sessions of a Fixed Ratio (RF) 1 schedule in a standard operant chamber. Two subjects were healthy rats and two subjects prese...

In the present study, the spatiotemporal dynamics (derived from locomotion measures and response rates) between healthy and Vestibular Syndrome (VS) Wistar rats were compared. Four water-deprived subjects were exposed to 30 sessions of a Fixed Ratio (RF) 1 schedule in a standard operant chamber. Two subjects were healthy rats and two subjects prese...

Previous studies have reported that gregarious vs. individual-task presentation affects spatial behavior in a food-searching task. Also, it has been reported that individual vs. gregarious-housing conditions affects this dimension of behavior. The effect of task presentation and housing conditions on spatial behavior is less know. The present study...

This editorial is a proposal and an open invitation to participate in the novel multidisciplinary approach of experimental behavior analysis (EBA) with artificial intelligence (AI) and mechatronics (MT), which could be called computational-experimental analysis of behavior (CEAB), and its purpose is to motivate Latin American researchers to make co...

Studies that have used the paradigm of spatial orientation and its procedural variations have reported conflicting results regarding the effect of variations in surface distinctiveness (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) of the environment on the differentiation of space in infants under nine months. These studies have been characterized by measures fo...

This poster shows some results of our work on the effects of food and water deprivation on the spatiotemporal organization of behavior of wistar rats under a 30s fixed-time concurrent food and water delivery schedule.

This poster shows some results of our work on the effects of food and water deprivation on the spatiotemporal organization of behavior of wistar rats under a 30s fixed-time concurrent food and water delivery schedule.

A paradigm of stimuli schedule contingent on the spatial dimension of the organism's activity is presented. The behavioral dynamic was analyzed on a water-delivery temporospatial schedule contingent on the organism's location with an acoustic signal in rats. The experimental space was segmented in two (DS and ΔS zones). Every segment was associated...

In studies developed under the Conditioned Place Preference paradigm (CPP), an aversive event, generally an arbitrary stimulus (i.e., electric shock/drug), is presented in one segment of the experimental arena, and the emergent place preference is evaluated. In such studies: 1) the intensity and sudden presentation of the stimulus produce high leve...

Understanding behavioral systems as emergent systems comprising the environment and organism subsystems, include spatial dynamics as a primary dimension in natural settings. Nevertheless, under the standard approaches, the experimental analysis of behavior is based on the single response paradigm and the temporal distribution of discrete responses....

The spatiotemporal dynamics of behavior based on derived measures of rats locomotion and response rate were compared in healthy-Wistar rats and rats with Vestibular Syndrome (VS) under a continuous schedule of reinforcement (RF1) of water delivery. Four water-deprived subjects were exposed to 30 sessions of an RF1 schedule in a standard operant cha...

Relational behavior is defined as the organisms’ responses to identifiable segments of stimulation that vary in degree within one or more relevant properties (e.g., size, saturation) regardless of the absolute properties that each stimulus possesses. The task widely used to study this type of behavior has been the transposition task. In this, the p...

In behavior analysis, the modulation of the effect of time-based schedules by the spatial characteristics of the environment has been scarcely studied. Furthermore, the spatial organization of behavior, despite its ubiquity and ecological relevance, has not been widely addressed. The purpose of the present work was to analyze the effect of water de...

The most extensively employed paradigm for the analysis of relational behavior is the transposition task. Nevertheless, it has two important limitations for its use in humans. The first one is the "ceiling effect" reported in linguistic participants. The second limitation is that the standard transposition task, being a simple choice task between t...

We analyze behavioral dynamics under Spatial Contingent Schedule based on the organism's location (SPSL) and compare the emergent behavioral dynamics in SPCL under different signaled conditions of stimulus. A Modified Open Field System was segmented in two zones; on each segment, a fixed-time schedule (FT-15") was presented but only when the organi...

Previous studies have reported that the behavioral dynamics of a rat exposed to group foraging situations is different to the one observed when rats are individually tested. In general, in group situations, subjects decrease their feeding time and increase the traveled distance. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of presenting two femal...

We compare the spatiotemporal dynamics of behavior between healthy rats and rats with vestibular syndrome using a novel reinforcement schedule in a modified open field system (MOFS). In this novel schedule, the reinforcement (water delivery) depends on the organism’s locomotor activity (traveled distance). The behavioral dynamics were markedly diff...

In natural settings, the spatial dimension of behavior, such as approach and withdrawal patterns to relevant stimuli (e.g., food, water or predators) are crucial. Nevertheless, the spatial-behavioral dynamics has been a scarcely studied field in Experimental Psychology. Recent studies using computer vision for sensing spatial behavior have shown, i...

RbDT software was designed to allow the integration and continuous analysis of active behavioral patterns in the emergence of relational behavior in humans. The paradigm consists of a challenging task based on transposition in which the participant must forms stimuli compounds with a given relational criterion (more/less than). This is only the RbD...

The most extensively paradigm employed for the analysis of relational behavior is the transposition task. Nevertheless, It has two important limitations for its use in humans. The first one is the "ceiling effect" reported in linguistic participants. The second limitation is that the standard transposition task, being a simple choice task between t...

The effects of food or water deprivation on the consumption of those commodities has been extensively reported in the literature. The effect of the interaction of those deprivation conditions on food and water consumption and on the temporal organization and dynamics of behavior is less known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different co...

We present the mathematical description of the following measures and plots: smoothed distance; recurrence plots; entropy and divergence. Supplementary Material of Ecological location of a water source and spatial dynamics of behavior under temporally scheduled water deliveries in a modified open-field system: An integrative approach.

Relational behavior defined as the establishment of relational properties from absolute attributes of objects, has been studied from different theoretical perspectives, one of them is Theory of Psychology (TP). In TP, relational behavior was conceptualized as the Functional Contact of Comparison, which refers to the formation of interrelationships...

El comportamiento relacional definido como el establecimiento de propiedades relacionales a partir de atributos absolutos de los objetos, ha sido estudiado desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas, una de ellas es Teoría de la Psicología (TP), en la que se conceptualizó como contacto funcional de comparación. Con base en la revisión de la organizació...

4 0 | l a p a l a b r a y e l h o m b r e , v e r a n o , 2 0 2 0 La presente entrevista se realizó por videoconferencia en mayo de 2020, durante un momento álgido de la pandemia, dentro de un marco alternativo a las perspectivas dominantes de entonces, que enfocaban la pandemia Covid-19 con la lente estrictamente sanitaria.

Se ha reportado que el alojamiento individual vs gregario tiene efectos diferenciales sobre el comportamiento espacial en tareas de búsqueda de alimento (TBA). El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la exposición temprana a alojamiento individual vs gregario sobre el comportamiento espacial en dos TBA (individual vs diádica) y bajo dos tipos de ac...

Currently, there are different programs that allow recording locomotion data through video-tracking systems. Nonetheless, open-access applications for the analysis of data obtained with those programs are scarce or limited. We describe a software designed for the analysis of tracking data obtained with different organisms in experimental arenas. In...

El presente texto fue preparado inicialmente por invitación de Emilio Ribes, en el marco de la primera presentación de su libro 'El estudio científico de la conducta individual'. Fue incluido por iniciativa de Víctor Alcaraz en el volumen, coordinado por él y editado por la Universidad Veracruzana, en homenaje a Emilio Ribes.

Se contrastaron los efectos de tres condiciones de entrenamiento (Lingüístico Explícito, Interferente Lingüístico y Condición Estándar) sobre la dominancia funcional de cualidades perceptuales (color y forma-tipografía-) o cualidades convencionales (aritméticas) en una tarea modificada de igualación de la muestra de segundo orden. Se utilizó un dis...

This study evaluated the functional role of behavioral patterns in relational behavior in humans. The participants were five children, 9 to 11 years-old. A modified transposition task (size) was used, requiring active comparison patterns in order to match two relational stimulus compounds with two sample stimulus compounds. Comparison patterns were...

The transposition phenomenon - like selector behavior and functional comparison contact - refers to the ability to recognize and respond to functional relationships between stimuli. This type of contact has been studied based on the so-called Transposition Tasks (TT) within the framework of Gestalt psychology and based on the Sample Matching Tasks...

The project is structured as a proposal for the study of relational behavior in dogs (canis familiaris) from a comparative perspective. The work is based on the conceptual framework of Ribes' general psychological theory, in its 2018 update, where relational behavior can be understood as a fundamental characteristic of the so-called comparison cont...

El análisis psicológicos del comportamiento humano, en el contexto de las propuestas de Ribes y López (1985) y Ribes (2018), se ha realizado fundamentalmente empleando paradigmas o ejemplares metodológicos que no son representativos de ningún dominio práctico o social relevante. En este contexto, si bien se asume que el comportamiento humano tiene...

- Se realiza una revisión crítica sobre la distinción reactivo-activo en los modos lingüísticos. - Se revisa críticamente la distinción modos lingüísticos vs modos no lingüísticos. - Se introduce el concepto de patrones actuativos para tomar distancia del concepto actividad-reactividad. Limitaciones. - Desarrollo de análisis y representaciones de...

We evaluated the effects of varying temporal and spatial parameters on behavioral transitions within a water-seeking situation. Subjects were 8 experimentally-naïve male Wistar rats divided into 2 groups of 4 rats. For both groups, 2 independent schedules of water delivery were simultaneously available in two different locations of the experimental...

Studies on conditional discrimination (CD) in humans have pointed out that linguistic contact with the properties and criteria of the task is critical both for acquisition and transfer, especially in extra-relational and extra-dimensional tests. Recent empirical and conceptual analyses have challenged this assumption. Studies in the field have gene...

En el estudio de la discriminación condicional en humanos, utilizando Tareas de Igualación de la Muestra (TIM), se ha sostenido que el reconocimiento lingüístico de las propiedades y relaciones implicadas en la tarea es un factor crítico para el desempeño exitoso en el entrenamiento, y aún más en situaciones de transferencia. También se han señalad...

This study examined the effect of four contact modes (direct, morphology, linguistic, observational, and direct plus description) on the acquisition and transfer of conditional discrimination and the emergence of rules. Sixteen experimentally naive university students, aged between 18 and 21 years, participated in the study. A within-subject design...

Se sostiene que los “enigmas” que hasta hoy rodean al concepto “pensamiento” son producto de una profunda incomprensión conceptual derivada de no distinguir entre preguntas filosóficas y problemas científicos. Se señala que tal incomprensión tiene lugar al no reconocer la naturaleza multívoca y contextual de los términos en el lenguaje ordinario vs...

The present study evaluated the effects of varying the criterion and the morphology of the percentage of correct response upon reading adjustment tasks. Participants were 20 voluntary students, distributed in four groups, which were differentiated by the certainty - variability of the criterion and the certainty - variability of the morphology of r...

p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> Se sostiene que los “enigmas” que hasta hoy rodean al concepto “pensamiento” son producto de una profunda incomprensión conceptual derivada de no distinguir entre preguntas filosóficas y problemas científicos. Se señala que tal incomprensión tiene lugar al no reconocer la naturale...

This study evaluated the effects of training for satisfying congruence criteria in reading adjustment tasks on the performance of university students according to congruence and coherence criteria. The experimental group was trained to satisfy congruence criteria and then exposed to two congruence and coherence criteria evaluation tests. The contro...

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