Alejandro González-Agüero

University of Zaragoza | UNIZAR · Physiatry and Nursing

Background: Physical activity (PA) intensity could play a key role in atherosclerosis risk, but the existing literature shows controversial results. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of different PA levels with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in femoral and carotid arteries. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was con...

Muscular fitness plays a major role in bone health and body composition in overweight and obese children. It is key that the development of this muscle fitness is affected by absolute isometric strength and dynamic strength. To compare bone health and body composition between overweight/obese children considering muscular fitness (MF) levels, and t...

This paper aims to elaborate a decision tree for the early detection of adolescent swimmers at risk of presenting low bone mineral density (BMD), based on easily measurable fitness and performance variables. The BMD of 78 adolescent swimmers was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at the hip and subtotal body. The particip...

Depression is estimated to be the second leading cause of disability in the United States and is associated with a 52% increased risk of death. Lifestyle components may have an important role in depression pathogenesis. The aims of this study were to analyze the association of meeting the physical activity (PA) recommendation guidelines and depress...

Objectives Degenerative diseases are associated with lower healthy life expectancy and higher mortality. Physical activity (PA) has demonstrated a fundamental role in the prevention and control of several pathologies associated to the aging process. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of PA with the prevalence of sarcopenia, osteop...

Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of cognitive decline (CD) in the general population. However, little is known about whether the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOE e4) could modify this beneficial effect. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and synthetize the scientific evidence related to PA levels and CD r...

Childhood obesity has become a major global health problem. Vitamin D deficiency and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are highly prevalent in children with overweight or obesity, but little is known about their relationships. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cardiorespiratory fitness...

Sedentarism is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but currently it is not clear how a sedentary behavior such as long sitting time can affect atherosclerosis development. This study examined the relationship between sitting time and the prevalence of carotid and femoral subclinical atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional analysis based on a...

(1) Background: Childhood obesity has become a main global health problem and active video games (AVG) could be used to increase energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to investigate the energy expenditure during an AVG intervention combined with exercise, differentiating by gender. (2) Methods: A total of 45 children with overweight or obes...

The main aim was to analyse the associations between several physical fitness variables and bone parameters in a sample of elderly people. 129 participants (94 females and 35 males, 76.2±5.4 y) from the EXERNET cohort of Zaragoza (Spain) were included in the study. Physical fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test Battery. Peripheral quan...

Background The positive association between physical fitness and bone structure has been widely investigated in children and adolescents, yet no studies have evaluated this influence in young children (ie, preschoolers). Hypothesis Fit children will present improved bone variables when compared with unfit children, and no sex-based differences wil...

Background Whole-body vibration training has recently been proposed as a complementary training modality to improve the bone health of adolescent swimmers. However, there is no longitudinal study regarding the effects of this training combination on bone metabolism. Therefore, the main goal was to analyze the effects of swimming and vibration train...

Muniz-Pardos, B, Gomez-Bruton, A, Matute-Llorente, A, Gonzalez-Aguero, A, Gomez-Cabello, A, Gonzalo-Skok, O, Casajus, JA, and Vicente-Rodriguez, G. Nonspecific resistance training and swimming performance: Strength or power? A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the type...

Objective To assess the relationship between fitness levels and components, sitting time and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), over time among community-dwelling older adults. Methods Three different sitting trajectories were calculated: (i) no change; (ii) decrease; and (iii) increase in ST, between baseline and follow-up. Fitness was asses...

Background: Mechanical loads exerted by soccer-specific actions increase bone remodeling activity. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between plantar pressure and bone structure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare bone geometry and strength between soccer players who exhibited different maximum values of the average...

Purpose: To examine the effects of a 6-month whole-body vibration (WBV) training on lower-body strength (LBS), lower-body power (LBP), and swimming performance in adolescent trained swimmers. Methods: Thirty-seven swimmers (23 males and 14 females; 14.8 [1.3] y) were randomly assigned to the WBV (n = 20) or the control group (n = 17). Isometric...

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a camera-based optoelectronic system to measure movement velocity during bench press and half squat at different load intensities. A total of 22 active males (age: 28.2 ± 3.9 years; one-repetition maximum bench press: 77.9 ± 19.0 kg; one-repetition maximum half squat: 116.6...

There are different surfaces on which football is played, but their influence on bone mass accretion still remains unknown. The aims of this study were to compare bone mass accretion between football players and controls, and evaluate the influence of two different playing surfaces on bone accretion. A total of 27 male football players (13.2 ± 0.5...

Objectives: This paper aims to elaborate a decision tree for the early detection of adolescent swimmers at risk of presenting low bone mineral density (BMD), based on easily measurable fitness and performance variables. Methods: Bone mineral status of 78 adolescent swimmers was determined using DXA scans at the hip and subtotal body. Participants a...

The aims of this study were to assess bone mass in children and adolescent soccer players and to evaluate the influence of both gender and pubertal status on bone mass. A total of 110 soccer players (75 males / 35 females; 12.73 ± 0.65 / 12.76 ± 0.59 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. They were divided into two groups according to t...

Muniz-Pardos, B, Gomez-Bruton, A, Matute-Llorente, A, Gonzalez-Aguero, A, Gomez-Cabello, A, Gonzalo-Skok, O, Casajus, JA, and Vicente-Rodriguez, G. Swim-specific resistance training: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The purpose of this systematic review was to determine which type of swim-specific training is most benef...

The purpose of this work was to describe changes in metabolic activity in the bones of young male competitive cyclists (CYC) as compared with age-matched controls (CON) over a one-year period of study. Eight adolescent male cyclists aged between fourteen and twenty, and eight age-matched controls participated in this longitudinal study. Serum osteo...

Objective: The current literature about the body composition of elite football referees is scarce and almost non-existent. Therefore, and in order to establish the level of agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in elite football referees, the aim of this study was to compare fat mass (FM...

Most researchers adjust bone by lean mass when comparing swimmers with controls. This adjustment is done under the assumption that lean affects bone similarly in both groups. Nonetheless, we found that the muscle-bone association is uncoupled in swimmers, and consequently, researchers should avoid this adjustment when evaluating swimmers’ bone.Intr...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe bone metabolic activity in adolescent competitive cyclists compared to age-matched controls. Methods: Twenty-two male adolescent cyclists between 14 and 20 years (y) and 20 age-matched controls participated in this study. Serum osteocalcin (OC), aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PI...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare bone geometry in adolescent football players and controls. Methods: A total of 107 football players (71 males/36 females; mean age 12.7 ± 0.6/12.7 ± 0.6 years) and 42 controls (20 males/22 females; mean age 13.1 ± 1.4/12.7 ± 1.3 years) participated in this study. Total and trabecular volumetric bone...

Whole-body vibration (WBV) intervention studies and reviews have been increasing lately. However, the results regarding its effects on bone tissue in different populations are still inconclusive. The goal of this overview was to summarize systematic reviews assessing the effects of WBV training on bone parameters. Three electronic databases were sc...

The aims of this study were (a) to determine which of the most used anthropometric equations was the most accurate to estimate percentage of body fat (%BF), (b) to develop a new specific anthropometric equation, and (c) to validate this football-specific equation. A total of 126 (13.3±0.6 y) football players (86 males) participated in the present s...

Background: Swimming has no effect on bone mass or structure. Therefore, adolescent swimmers present similar bone strength values when compared to normo-active controls, and lower values when compared to weight-bearing athletes. It thus seems necessary to try to improve bone structure and strength of adolescent swimmers through a weight-bearing in...

Conclusion: Soccer may be considered a sport that positively affects bone mass during growth. Pubertal soccer players presented increased bone mass compared to controls or other athletes; however, these bone differences are minimized during the prepubertal stage. What is known: • It has been described that childhood and adolescence are important p...

Purpose: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of a whole-body vibration (WBV) intervention on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and lean mass (LM) in adolescent swimmers. Methods: Forty male and female adolescent swimmers (VIB; mean age 14.2 ± 1.9 years) completed the WBV protocol that consisted of 15 m...

The aims of the present study were, firstly, to evaluate areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone strength and structure during a swimming season and compare them to those of normo-active controls (CG), and secondly to ascertain whether practising an additional weight-bearing sport other than swimming might improve bone. Twenty-three swimmers who on...

Introducción: la práctica de ejercicio físico resulta beneficiosa para la prevención de la osteoporosis. Los marcadores metabólicos del hueso se consideran los principales indicadores para conocer el estado de equilibrio o desequilibrio metabólico pudiendo mostrar de forma temprana riesgos en el tejido óseo.Objetivo: resumir y actualizar el conocim...

Background: Physical exercise is beneficial for the prevention of osteoporosis. Bone metabolism markers are the main indicators of metabolic balance and may indicate early risk in bone tissue. Aim: This systematic review aims to summarize and update present knowledge about bone metabolism markers in child and adolescent athletes. Method: Liter...

Introduction: Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry are four body composition methods that have been frequently used for the assessment of body fat percentage (%BF) in athletes. However, the agreement between these methods has not been studied yet in adoles...

Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is a worldwide problem. Therefore, the main aims of this study were to compare 25-hydroxivitamin D levels (25(OH)D) in adolescents with and without Down syndrome (DS) and to study the relationship between 25(OH)D and bone. Eleven adolescents with DS (6 females) aged 15.5 ± 2.8 years and sixteen healthy controls (non-DS)...

Introduction: The hand grip strength test provides useful and reliable information about overall health. Different studies have investigated the optimal grip span for determining maximal hand grip strength in different populations such as adults, adolescents and children without disabilities. Objective: To ascertain whether there is an optimal gri...

This meta-analysis aims to determine the effects of regular swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults (18–30 years). A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Library from the earliest possible year to March 2016. Swimmers were compared to non-athletic controls (CG) and to high-impact athletes (HIGH). Ef...

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine which of the published anthropometric equations is the most appropriate to estimate body-fat percentage (BF%) in adolescent swimmers. Method: Eighty-eight swimmers (45 boys, 43 girls) participated in this study. Following the recommendations of the International Society of the Advancement of...

Background Many jumping interventions have been performed in children and adolescents in order to improve bone-related variables and thus, ensure a healthy bone development during these periods and later in life. This systematic review aims to summarize and update present knowledge regarding the effects that jumping interventions may have on bone m...

Background Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been frequently described in subjects with Down syndrome (DS). Reduced physical activity (PA) levels may contribute to low BMD in this population. The objective of the study was to investigate whether PA levels were related to the femoral neck bone mass distribution in a sample of 14 males and 12 female...

El propósito del presente documento es proponer desde el grupo de expertos en ejercicio físico y salud de EXERNET (Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud) una serie de recomendaciones sobre la práctica de la actividad física y deportiva que a nivel individual, familiar e institucional ayuden a prevenir y tratar la obesidad infant...

The aim of this document (written by professionals in physical activity and health EXERNET - Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud-) is to propose a list of recommendations about the practice of the physical and sport activity that in an individual, familiar and institutional level, help to prevent and manage the obesity in chil...

Background: Adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) have a unique morphology and body shape, and this needs to be taken into account when assessing body fat percentage (BF%). Objective: To develop a predictive equation from anthropometric variables (skinfolds) for estimating BF% in adolescents with DS. Methods: Twenty-three adolescents with DS (7...

Background The effects of swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several researchers, with inconsistent results. Aim This meta-analysis aims to determine whether systematic swimming training may influence BMD during childhood and adolescence. Methods A systematic search was performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus and ClinicalTrials.go...

Objective: To describe cortical and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone mineral content (BMC), cross-sectional area (CSA), and bone strength indexes (BSIs) in adolescent endurance-trained cyclists (CYC) and compare them with controls (CON). Design: Descriptive cohort study. Participants: Twenty-five male adolescent CYC and...

BACKGROUND: This study investigated which factors influence performance in a short distance swimming test (50-meters) in adolescent swimmers. METHODS: Freestyle 50-meter personal best time (PBT) was registered for 67 swimmers (14.3±2.2 y; 46 males). Handgrip (HG), standing broad jump (SBJ), isometric knee-extension (KE), time to run 30 meters (V30m...

Swimming during adolescence has shown neutral or even negative effects on bone mass. Nevertheless, it is still unknown if these effects are due to swimming or to other factors, such as sedentary behaviors. Introduction Three objectives were described (1) to measure objective physical activity (PA) additional to swimming performed by adolescent swim...

Objectives: The aims of the present study were: (1) to characterize vBMD, bone structure and strength with peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) in adolescent swimmers and compare it to normo-active controls (CG); and (2) to evaluate the possible interaction that weight-bearing sports might have on swimmers bone. Design: Cross-s...

Introduction: accurate estimates of the intake of specific nutrients such as calcium (Ca) are crucial to correctly rank or classify subjects in the distribution of intakes. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for measuring Ca intake in two different groups of healthy adolescents, a normoact...

Aim: This study investigated which factors influence performance in a short distance swimming test (50-meters) in adolescent swimmers. Methods: Freestyle 50-meter personal best time (PBT) was registered for 67 swimmers (14.3 ± 2.2 y; 46 males). Handgrip (HG), standing broad jump (SBJ), isometric knee-extension (KE), time to run 30 meters (V30m),...

Introduction: The current literature about the body composition of elite football referees is scarce and almost non-existent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and track the percentage of body fat (%BF) of elite Spanish football referees and assistant referees across an entire season. Material and methods: Two hundred and twenty-eight...

Whole-body vibration training (WBV) attracts great interest as osteoporosis prevention strategy. Twenty-six adolescents with and without Down syndrome (DS) (13 DS; 12-18 years) performed 20 weeks of WBV. The results indicate that WBV seems to provoke a lesser response in adolescents with DS than in those without DS. This study aims to observe the d...

Adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) have poorer bone health than their peers without DS. Twenty-five adolescents with DS were randomly assigned to whole-body vibration training (WBV) or control groups. The results indicate that a 20-week WBV might be useful to improve subtotal bone mineral content and density in adolescents with DS. This study aims...

Objective. To assess the extent of under reporting (UR) in a group of adolescent swimmers (SWI) compared to normo-active adolescents (CON) and investigate associated variables for each group. Methods. A total of 80 SWI (37 females; 14.3 ? 1.8 y) and 60 CON (23 females; 14.4 ? 2.7 y) were evaluated. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were m...

It has been shown that impact loading in sporting activity is highly associated with bone quality. However, information regarding the osteogenic effects of a sport such as football performed on different playing surfaces is scarce. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to compare variables of bone geometry and strength indexes between male...

Fitness, and specifically body composition of football referees requires attention in order to achieve the highest possible standards. The aim of the present study was to describe body composition of elite Spanish football referees over 11 years. Data from 2001 to 2012 pre-seasons were analyzed from a total of 470 referees of 1(st) and 2(nd) catego...

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern worldwide. Understanding the roles of diet and physical activity in ensuring adequate bone mass accrual during childhood and adolescence may help identify strategies to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures later in life. The present systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of the curr...

The aim was to analyze bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in regular swimming trained adolescents and the interaction that weigh-bearing sports may have on these values. Bone mass was evaluated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in 77 swimmers (34 females/43 males) and 52 normoactive controls (CG;...

To ascertain the effects of 21 weeks of circuit training, including plyometric jumps, on cardiorespiratory fitness of youths with Down syndrome (DS).

Aim: To ascertain the effects of 21 weeks of circuit training, including plyometric jumps, on cardiorespiratory fitness of youths with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: Twenty-seven children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years with DS participated in this study and were divided in two groups: exercise (EXE, n = 14) and control (CON, n = 13). Work time,...

For years now, a stronger tendency towards overweight among diabetes 1 population has been described, a tendency already observed during childhood and pubescence. Insulin replacement therapy to be one of the main underlying factors. Clarifying these issues and determining whether this weight gain may bring in an increased cardiovascular risk in the...

Enviromental factors such as exercise participation and nutrition have often been linked to bone improvements. However, not all sports have the same effects, being non-osteogenic sports such as swimming defined as negative or neutral sports to practice regarding bone mass by some authors, similarly exercisediet interaction in especific groups is st...

The aim of this study was to examine body fat of elite Spanish soccer referees and assistant referees by division, role and age group. Participants were 243 males (age 32.4 ± 5.3 years, weight 72.3 ± 6.2 kg, height 179.1 ± 5.9 cm and body mass index 22.5 ± 1.4) who belonged to the Referees Technical Committee of the Royal Spanish Soccer Federation....

Purpose To summarize the current literature regarding the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) therapy on the health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents with disabilities. Methods A literature search using MEDLINE–PubMed, SPORT DISCUS, and EMBASE databases was conducted up to August 2013. A total of 22 articles were included in t...

Swimming, a sport practiced in hypogravity, has sometimes been associated with decreased bone mass. This systematic review aims to summarize and update present knowledge about the effects of swimming on bone mass, structure and metabolism in order to ascertain the effects of this sport on bone tissue. A literature search was conducted up to April 2...