Alejandro García-Pozo

University of Malaga | UMA · Applied Economics (Economic Structure)

In recent years, respect for the environment has been taken into account by tourists as a factor in their purchasing decisions. The concept of eco-innovation has gained an important role in adapting the tourism product to this new demand. Using a previous database already compiled by the authors, this paper has two aims: to address the effect of im...

This article contributes to a better understanding of tourists’ attitudes to environmental support when they make their holiday plans. Modelling these decisions is a challenge because although environmental concerns are heterogeneous across countries, they also depend on the individual characteristics of the tourists from each country. This article...

This paper analyses the impact of factors related to innovation and the environment, among others, on labour productivity in the Spanish transport sector. The methodological approach used in this study was based on the CDM structural model. The main advantage of this model is its capacity to integrate investment in R&D and the generation of knowled...

A total of 30.93% of Spanish service sector companies consider the reduction of their environmental impact to be a significant objective when they invest in R&D. This article analyses the achievement of this objective as a determinant of process innovations and their impact on business productivity. A CDM structural model was used to quantify the a...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is implemented unevenly in the Spanish tourism industry. The country’s hotel infrastructure is not an exception. Many researchers have focused on finding out to what extent the implementation of CSR is ideal from a hotel management perspective and what its effects and consequences are. To a lesser extent, this...

For decades, academics have studied the human resources of many different sectors with a wide range of approaches and methodologies. However, there is still room for analysis on educational mismatch, even more so in the hospitality industry after the COVID-19 pandemic standstill as it is a topic that has been somewhat relegated in recent times. Thu...

Two years after the COVID-19 pandemic, its effects on rural tourism remain un-derstudied. This paper aims to study the performance of rural accommodation businesses by assessing their environmental and health attitudes. Data on environmental and health measures and business performance perceptions were collected through a questionnaire completed by...

We conducted a comparative study of the main determinants of the gender wage gap across the wage distribution in the tourism sector from a sectoral perspective. Using matched employer-employee data from Spain, we propose different wage decompositions across the wage distribution based on unconditional quantile regressions. In feminised sectors, suc...

Human capital in hospitality has been widely addressed by applying sophisticated econometric methods. However, for the Spanish case, there was a gap in the analyses as the crucial importance of collective agreements was undervalued. This paper redesigns the conceptualisation of the variables and applies a subsequent new classification to job positi...

Purpose The importance of workers in labour-intensive industries, such as tourism, is undeniable. In this sense, it has been investigated for decades from various methodological approaches. However, in the academic literature on tourism, the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique has hardly been used. Design/method...

This work assesses the influence of generic public housing policies in Spain and specific public policies relating to vacation rental housing on residential rental costs in recent years from the perspective of people linked to residential housing rental and vacation rental housing. We used partial least squares structural equation modelling on the...

This article used a CDM three-stage structural model based on data from the Spanish technological innovation panel to analyse the differential impact of technological innovation on labour productivity in the three largest Spanish regions and the Spanish economy as a whole. Although a considerable number of studies have used national data to analyse...

The role of the energy industry has always been central for one reason or another, being environmentalism the main motive in the last two decades. Therefore, attention and research have been directed in this sense. However, human resources—or human capital—have remained understudied, especially concerning the salaries received. Thus, this study is...

Cultural tourism is considered one of the most respectful segments both with the heritage preservation of the visited destination and from an environmental point of view. Not only because it is not a type of mass tourism, but also because these tourists want to know the heritage of the destination and its culture, gastronomy and way of life. The ma...

Rural tourism is currently one of the most dynamic segments of tourism demand, and rural accommodation is one of the accommodation choices most in demand. Based on various documentary sources, the goal of this article was to analyse aspects related to the qualitative evolution of this activity that have led to the rapid growth of this type of accom...

The presence of the real estate investment trust in the Spanish real estate market since 2013 has led a significant number of the housing stock being offered for rent in the most popular cities around the country. In the specific case of the Costa del Sol, it is necessary to evaluate the participation of these companies in the establishment of a st...

In this paper, we estimate the returns from human capital and the gender wage gap by applying Oaxaca and Ransom’s decomposition method to a database of 2240 workers in the Spanish hospitality. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relative impact of talent and gender on wages and value generation among highly qualified white-collar workers in...

Lección inaugural del curso académico 2020-2021, en la Universidad de Málaga. Se analiza la evolución del turismo en España durante la última década y las consecuencias de la pandemia provocada por el COVI-19.

En los últimos años se ha producido un aumento del parque de viviendas en alquiler en España. El incremento en la demanda de alquiler residencial y el carácter inelástico de su oferta han producido una subida de sus precios que atrae y mejora la rentabilidad de los inversores. Esta situación es simultánea a la expansión de la vivienda turística vac...

This article analyzes the main determinants of pro-environmental concern of European tourists when they make holiday decisions. Tourist environmental concern depends not only on individual and travel-related attributes, but also on the characteristics of the tourists’ place of residence. Thus, this article simultaneously applies micro and macro app...

The aim of this paper is to analyse possible gender differences in the relative impact of human capital, personal and labour variables on wages in the Spanish hospitality sector. An expanded version of Mincer’s wage equation and data from the 2014 Wage Structure Survey are used. The results show significant gender differences in the estimates of al...

The increase in the price of housing for rent and ownership in the city of Malaga is causing a problem of accessibility to it for the most disadvantaged sectors of the municipality, coinciding at the same time with the expansion of the vacation rentals on housing. This phenomenon is characteristic of the Spanish tourist cities, with growths of this...

To the strong tourism growth of the last decade, they have joined economic factors such as the difficulty of many families to cope with mortgage payments of first or second homes motivated by the economic crisis and the expansion of platforms and computer applications that have facilitated the interconnection between demanders and suppliers of tour...

he objective of this study was to use the perceptions of internet users to analyse the effect of the social, economic and environmental dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implemented by hotel establishments in order to determine whether those dimensions are perceived by consumers. Our analysis was based on a sample, distributed by...

This study carried out an empirical analysis of environmental innovations based on firm-level data from the Technological Innovation Panel (i.e. PITEC) 2014 database created by the Spanish Institute of Statistics. The main goal was to explore the determinants of eco-innovation in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. The methodology applied...

This article provides empirical evidence on the returns to education of workers in the hospitality subsector and other services in the Spanish economy by quantifying gender wage differentials. Using data from the 2010 Wage Structure Survey (Spanish translation: Encuesta de Estructura Salarial 2010) and an expanded version of Mincer's wage equation...

En este paper estudiamos la existencia de relaciones de causalidad à la Granger entre crecimiento económico y desarrollo turístico con datos regionales españoles. Para ello recurrimos a datos mensuales del índice de producción industrial y a pernoctaciones de turistas residentes y no residentes en las 17 comunidades autónomas españolas durante el p...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of labour flexibility on productivity in the lodging industry in Andalusia. We use the data obtained by the Quality, Productivity and Competitiveness in the Hospitality Industry for Andalusia project. Our model distinguishes two employment shares: full-time permanent employees (standard work) and...

The Spanish transport sector is an economic sector of immense and growing strategic importance to industry, trade, and mobility. However, its contribution to the improvement and balance of the Spanish economy is not well known even though, according to data from the Ministry of Public Works (2015), in 2014 the transport sector contributed 6.6% to m...

The Department of Applied Economics (Economic Structure) of the University of Malaga has its headquarters in the Faculty of Economics, although its professors teach in six centers of our University. We intend to develop the proposed project, specifically in the Faculty of Tourism where we have actually assigned six subjects in the four courses of t...

This article provides empirical evidence on differences in wage income from a gender perspective in the Spanish hospitality sector, as compared with other sectors of the Spanish economy. Using a Mincerian function, the results indicate a significant negative difference in the returns on human capital in the hospitality compared to other sectors and...

El análisis de las diferencias salariales entre hombres y mujeres ha sido profusamente realizado para la economía española, mostrándose como tendencia habitual, en los trabajos de investigación publicados, la existencia de una relación estadísticamente significativa y negativa entre la presencia de mujeres en las empresas y el salario percibido, lo...

El mercado de la vivienda en España ha presentado una etapa de crecimiento en unidades y niveles de precios durante el periodo que va de 1998 a 2007; siguiéndole a continuación otra de agotamiento con igual intensidad pero con una tendencia inversa de dichas variables. Este mercado esta determinado por factores de demanda y de oferta. Los factores...

Las diferencias existentes en España en términos de empleo, renta per cápita y PIB al considerar las distintas comunidades autónomas según datos de la Contabilidad Regional de España para varios años, permiten conformar un mapa macroeconómico a nivel regional muy heterogéneo. Por otra parte, las diferentes políticas autonómicas en el campo del desa...

La industria del transporte es un sector económico de una enorme y creciente importancia estratégica para la industria, el comercio y la movilidad de las personas. De acuerdo con los datos del Ministerio de Fomento (2015), la participación en la economía del sector transporte para el año 2014 ha sido del 6,6% en servicios de mercado y del 5% en el...

This article provides empirical evidence on differences in wage income from a gender perspective in the Spanish hospitality sector, as compared with other sectors of the Spanish economy. Using a Mincerian function, the results indicate a significant negative difference in the returns on human capital in the hospitality compared to other sectors and...

The main aim of this study was to determine the impact of innovation on productivity in service sector companies — especially those in the hospitality sector — that value the reduction of environmental impact as relevant to the innovation process. We used a structural analysis model based on the one developed by Crépon, Duguet, and Mairesse (1998)....

The transport and storage sector, like other sectors of the Spanish economy, is experiencing the effects of the current economic crisis. The Annual Services Survey prepared by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE) shows that between 2008 and 2013 there was an 11.9% reduction in turnover and an 18.3% reduction in paid workers in compani...

This study analyzed the determinants of eco-innovation in a sample of companies drawn from several sectors of economic activity in Spain and studied similarities and differences in their activity. The analysis used information obtained from the Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) database created by the Spanish Institute of Statistics. The metho...

This book contains some contributions from the VI International Conference on Tourism, Economics and Environment that took place at Malaga, Spain. The book includes a collection of case studies and best practices linking sustainability to tourism. The topics addressed represent an overview of the most contemporary problems affecting the tourism sec...

Housing price growth can have different causes, from both a demand and supply perspective. The ethics of management developed by the political parties in the municipalities can be included in the latter category. Hedonic methodology is used as well as some dummy variables within the models to represent this effect. This paper suggests that manageme...

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of quality certifications on apparent labour productivity in a sample of hotels in Spain. Design/methodology/approach: In line with Mairesse and Kremp (1993), the theoretical model was based on a Cobb-Douglas production function readapted to the goals of the study. Findings: The descriptive...

Educational Mismatch: Current Situation and Implic ations for the Hotel Industry in Northwestern Argentina. The main objective of this research is to analyze the adequacy of the educational level of the Argentinean hotels' worker s in relation to the requirements of the different jobs they occupy. To this purpose, has been conducted a survey based...

The main aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly we analyse the effects of educational mismatch on workers' occupational mobility and secondly, we quantify the contribution of educational mismatch and labour mobility on gender wage inequality. The decomposition of the gender wage gap was controlled by different types of gender segregation. We use mat...

Can the implementation of eco-innovation measures improve apparent labour productivity in hotel establishments? Based on data from a sample of 173 hotel establishments with three or more stars, this article suggests that these measures improve apparent labour productivity. We define the variable “eco-innovative” as an indicator of environmental man...

Can the implementation of eco-innovation measures improve apparent labour productivity in hotel establishments? Based on data from a sample of 173 hotel establishments with three or more stars, this article suggests that these measures improve apparent labour productivity. We define the variable "eco-innovative" as an indicator of environmental man...

The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of quality certifications on productivity in a sample of hotels in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The descriptive results show that the Q-quality certification is the unique that really has a positive impact on productivity, improving this 17.67% on average. Furthermore, the belonging to a chain, the cate...

The authors analyze the effect of labour flexibility on productivity in the Andalusian hotel industry. For this purpose, the authors use the results from the Quality, Productivity and Competitiveness in the Hospitality Industry for Andalusia project (PO7/SEJ-02889). The model used considers three employment shares - open-ended contracts, temporary...

The economic crisis in recent years has significantly affected the Spanish hospitality industry. Some factors that affect labor productivity and therefore business performance in this sector may have affected the productivity in a different way when the economic crisis in Spain became deeper. One such factor is the eco-innovation. In previous works...

Recent literature has shown that a firm's environmental commitment can be a potential source of comparative advantage and may translate into higher revenues that could offset the additional costs involved in implementing environmentally friendly measures. Environmental commitment may be due to pressure from consumers who demand good environmental p...

Recent studies have shown that firms that have adopted environmental standards and those that have obtained official quality certifications achieve higher labour productivity than firms that have not done so. Unlike previous studies, this paper analyzes the combined effect of implementing environmental good practices and obtaining quality certifica...

La crisis económica en la que se encuentra inmersa la economía española ha tenido consecuencias muy negativas en los salarios y en la precarización de las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores españoles. En el presente trabajo y con la información disponible facilitada por la Encuesta de Estructura Salarial de 2010 elaborada por el Instituto Na...

Con la información ofrecida por dos muestras consecutivas (2006 y 2010) de la versión cuatrienal de la Encuesta de Estructura Salarial, en este trabajo se estiman, desde una perspectiva de género, los rendimientos del capital humano en la hostelería española. Para ello, se ha estimado una versión ampliada de la función de salarios de Mincer (1974)....

The authors analyse the returns on human capital and the importance of educational mismatch in determining wages in the Spanish hospitality and the travel agency sectors. In addition, they assess the impact of several job characteristics (business size, full-time contracts and permanent contracts) and personal characteristics (gender and worker nat...

This paper focuses on an environmental organizational innovation: the certification of the environmental management system. One of the main purposes of this article is to analyze the relationship between environmental certification, firm performance and competitiveness in the Spanish hotel industry, using specific indicators of hotel performance (o...

Marks 20 years of the Spanish high-speed line (LAV) and many authors have questioned its profitability and its supposed advantages in terms of territorial and social cohesion, environmental benefit and its economic multiplier effect. The recent decision of the European Commission to enhance the Mediterranean Corridor off the Central Corridor and th...

The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of quality certifications on productivity in a sample of hotels in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The descriptive results show that the Q-quality certification is the unique that really has a positive impact on productivity, improving this 17.67% on average. Furthermore, the belonging to a chain, the cate...

The environment is being used by firms as a differentiating element to increase market competitiveness. This behaviour, which is driven by changes in demand, highlights the need to understand the relationship between the hotels’ commitment to the environment and its outcome in terms of economic performance. In this sense, environmental sustainabili...

Purpose Respect for the environment could be a differentiating attribute over competitors and will lead to competitive advantages. Some authors highlight the fact that, providing the environmental setting is valued by clients, it becomes a differentiating output. Other authors consider environmental compliance as an element for improving the qualit...

Environmental management involves costs and benefits. Traditionally, in studies primarily for manufacturing sectors, was attributed a negative impact of environmental regulation on productivity. However, more recent studies have documented that firms that have adopted environmental standard enjoy higher labour productivity than firms that have no a...

Housing price growth can have different causes, from both a demand and supply perspective. The ethics of management developed by the political parties in the municipalities can be included in the latter category. Hedonic methodology is used as well as some dummy variables within the models to represent this effect. This paper suggests that manageme...

In the hotel accommodation market, hedonic pricing theory states that the price of a room is determined by a set of characteristics (e.g. structural, location and environmental) of the establishment. Set within the framework of this methodology, and using raw data from the Quality, Productivity and Competitiveness in the Hospitality Industry for An...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact on rooms pricing of environmental management practices in the hotels of Andalusia (Southern Spain). Empirical evidence is obtained using a database that was created as part of the project Quality, Productivity and Competitiveness in the Hospitality Industry for Andalusia (PO7/SEJ-02889). From this...

A labour market in which wages depend on employer size means the characteristics of the same job differ between firms. In the hotel industry, the data indicate significant differences in the nature of the job according to the size of the establishment. This topic has been analysed for many economic sectors but, as far as we know, not for the hotel...

A new way of thinking is influencing the behaviour of both consumers and firms: any tourism activity has a sizeable environmental impact and the roots of environmental problems in this industry lie in human behaviour. Accordingly, in recent years tourists have been taking into account the environment as a factor in their purchasing decisions and fi...

UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL IMPACTO DE LA ALTA VELOCIDAD FERROVIARIA EN EL SECTOR TURÍSTICO DE ANDALUCÍA

This paper investigates the importance of returns on human capital and educational mismatch in determining wages in the Spanish hospitality sector and the travel agency sector using an expanded version of the Mincer wage equation (1974). In addition, we analyze the impact of several job characteristics and personal characteristics on wages. Using d...

In this work we estimate human capital returns in the Spanish hospitality sector using an expanded version of the Mincer wage equation (1974). In addition, wage differences in the main tourist regions are quantified using the wage decomposition of Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) from a gender perspective. Using data from the 2006 Spanish Wage Stru...

The aim of our study is to evaluate the existence and degree of specialization in tourism of the Spanish regions from the perspective of the human capital stock and the returns of their education, limiting the scope of study to the hospitality subsector. We use an expanded version of the Mincer wage equation (1974) and data from the 2006 Spanish Wa...

This study analyses the returns on human capital in the Spanish hospitality and travel agency industries across seven occupational categories by gender. It is motivated by evidence that there is great variation between jobs in this sector and that estimations of the rate of returns for each component of human capital for the entire sector may not b...

The environment is an intrinsic component of most tourism products, and in segments, such as rural and outdoor tourism, it is the reason for their existence. In recent years, tourists have been including respect for the environment as a factor in their purchasing decisions; and many businesses are using this factor as a differential component to in...

The aim of our study is to evaluate the existence and degree of specialization in tourism of the Spanish regions from the perspective of the human capital stock and the returns of their education, limiting the scope of study to the hospitality subsector. We use an expanded version of the Mincer wage equation (1974) and data from the 2006 Spanish Wa...

In this paper, we study the diversity of jobs characteristics and wage gaps of the Spanish hospitality sector due to the different employer size. A labour market in which wages depend on employer size means that jobs are different. A job is described by a vector of variables including the rate of pay, the length of workweek, health and injury risks...

En este trabajo se estiman los rendimientos del capital humano en la hostelería para los principales destinos turísticos españoles, seleccionados en base a un índice de especialización sectorial y al VAB turístico regional. La metodología empleada parte de una variante de la ecuación de salarios de Mincer (1974). En todas las regiones analizadas, l...

The relevance of tourism to the Spanish economy and the stature of Spain as one of the most important international tourist destination are evident. According to 2008 estimates, a total of 922 million international stays were recorded by the WTO in 2009, of which Spain received 6.2% of the total, thus ranking third in international tourism in the w...

Resumen: En este trabajo se estiman los rendimientos del capital humano en la hostelería española utilizando una versión ampliada de la ecuación de salarios de Mincer (1974) y se cuantifican las diferencias salariales de las principales regiones turísticas a partir de la descomposición salarial de Oaxaca-Ramson (1994). Con datos de la Encuesta de...

The camping resort in Spain is a subsector of accommodation that has a growing dynamism. Despite this, and its quantitative importance in the Spanish tourism industry, there are very few scientific papers have paid attention. The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms of price formation in this tourist activity, for which it has used a hedo...

In Spain, camping accommodation accounted for 6.32% of total tourism accommodation and 8.2% of overnight stays in 2007. There were 1,152 registered campsites which provided lodging for almost 6.4 million users. Although these figures are higher than those of rural accommodation, few studies have analyzed the main attributes of this sector and their...

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the wage structures in the Spanish hospitality sector and other private service industries. Using data from the 2006 Spanish Wage Structure Survey (Encuesta de Estructura Salarial) [1], we estimate human capital returns in the hospitality industries. These results have been compared to those obtained in...

Human Capital, Jobs Characteristics and Regional Wages Gaps in the Spanish Hospitality Sector

In Spain, camping accommodation accounted for 6.32% of total tourism accommodation and 8.2% of overnight stays in 2007. There were 1,152 registered campsites which provided lodging for almost 6.4 million users. Although these figures are higher than those of rural accommodation, few studies have analyzed the main attributes of this sector and their...

This study analyses the returns to education, experience and tenure for males and females in the Spanish hospitality sector across occupational categories. The motivation of this research is based on the evidence that jobs in this sector are very different and the estimation of these rates of returns for each components of human capital may not be...

This study analyses the returns to education, experience and tenure for males and females in the Spanish hospitality sector across occupational categories. The motivation of this research is based on the evidence that jobs in this sector are very different and the estimation of these rates of returns for each components of human capital for the who...