Alberto Consolaro

• University of São Paulo

Introdução: Se um dente não se movimenta ortodonticamente, devemos buscar as razões para isso. Para que essa checagem fique padronizada ou protocolada, procurou-se no presente artigo estabelecer uma checklist. Metodologia: Resgatou-se da literatura todas as possibilidades de causas, a partir de livros textos e artigos publicados. Resultados: Foram...

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro polymerization shrinkage resistance and in vivo tissue response of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) Ketac N100 after implantation in the subcutaneous connective tissue of isogenic mice. Material and Methods: A total of 90 isogenic BALB/c mice were randomly distributed into nine groups, with each gr...

Objective To evaluate and correlate the expression of REDOX enzymes and NET markers during the development of periapical lesions (PLs) in mice. Methods PLs were experimentally induced by pulpal exposure of first molars. In all, 42 mice were involved in a negative control and five periods (after 2, 5, 7, 21 and 42 days) (n = 7 in each period). Micr...

INTRODUÇÃO: O incisivo lateral superior apresenta- se com muitas alterações do desenvolvimento e está exposto, com frequência, aos traumatismos dentários. Isso gera muitos erros de diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: Ressaltar quais são os fatores que levam a erros que, com frequência, atribuem o tratamento ortodôntico como uma “possível” causa de necrose pulpa...

Mesmo tão duro e organizado, o esmalte, com sua superfície porosa, se comunica com os espaços intercristalinos subjacentes e permite que ácidos microbianos acumulados abaixo de uma placa dentobacteriana consigam entrar e desmontar os cristais, sucumbindo essa estrutura incrivelmente organizada, estabelecendo- se a cárie. A mancha branca é a lesão i...

O sinal patognomônico de uma reabsorção externa é a manutenção dos limites pulpares, como duas linhas paralelas, sobrepondo-se às imagens irregulares de limites imprecisos e confusos, com áreas radiopacas e radiolúcidas misturadas, pela sobreposição de fragmentos ainda não reabsorvidos de dentina e do trabeculado ósseo. A lâmina dura na região esta...

Introdução: A anquilose alveolodentária representa a precursora da reabsorção dentária por substituição. Objetivo: Esclarecer os questionamentos de clínicos sobre o tratamento da anquilose alveolodentária e da reabsorção por substituição. Metodologia: Serão discutidas sete perguntas mais frequentes sobre a anquilose alveolodentária e a reabsorção p...

O edema angioneurótico adquirido ou hereditário manifesta-se como um aumento edematoso súbito, sem prurido e sem dor explícita na área afetada. Na cavidade bucal, os lábios, língua e úvula são os locais mais envolvidos. Não é alérgico e ocorre eventualmente por uma deficiência do mediador inibidor do C1, que ajuda a controlar o nível normal de brad...

The aim of this study is to report a case in which a patient with nephrotic syndrome underwent surgery to remove fibrous gum tissue (ulectomy). An 8‐year‐old patient, diagnosed with early onset nephrotic syndrome due to a mutation in the NUP107 gene, had received a kidney transplant and was therefore taking various medications, including immunosupp...

Introdução: O escurecimento dentário pode ser o primeiro sinal clínico de necrose pulpar asséptica, confirmada por testes de sensibilidade. Imagiologicamente, em exames a cada três meses, pode-se detectar precocemente as consequências da necrose pulpar asséptica não diagnosticada e tratada, como o desenvolvimento de lesão periapical crônica e reabs...

OBJETIVO: Fundamentar o profissional para as indicações de exodontia de dentes não irrompidos, pois esses podem permanecer muito tempo sem induzir qualquer alteração ou consequência, mas são imprevisíveis no tempo, no tipo de acontecimento e nas complicações. METODOLOGIA: A partir da experiência clínica e laboratorial, desenvolveram- se raciocínios...

INTRODUÇÃO: Em numerosos trabalhos experimentais e clínicos, estudando as variáveis clínicas locais e sistêmicas do movimento osteodentário induzido, observamos que as polpas dentárias não apresentavam metamorfose cálcica da polpa ou necrose pulpar. Nesses trabalhos, a estrutura organizacional da polpa se apresentava normal. No entanto, recentement...

Introduction: Induced tooth-bone movement occurs by a synchronicity of dental and bone phenomena, thanks to the osteocytic network, which is a three-dimensional network that controls the bone shape or design. Objective: To describe the tooth-bone movement induced by enhanced anchorage, divided into three distinct moments: zero, start and stop....

Background/aim: The evidence for any benefit of systemic antibiotic therapy on pulp survival following extrusive luxation and avulsion is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of systemic antibiotic therapy with amoxycillin and tetracycline for 7 days on different aspects of dental pulp repair in a murine model. Material...

O termo Pigmentação “Racial” deve ser evitado em textos ou verbalmente, apesar de ainda ser usado com frequência. Ele pode ser trocado por Pigmentação Melânica Normal da Mucosa Bucal, especialmente na gengiva e semimucosa labial, pois ela reflete apenas uma variação de cor da mucosa bucal normal em seres humanos em cujas etnias se tem a pele negra...

Justification: Canines represent corners in the dental arch, and are important features in facial esthetics, as they support the upper lip, wing of the nose, and influence the nasolabial fold and the appearance of facial aging. In the laterality movements, the canines guidance coordinate the opening and closing of the teeth, saving the TMJ from su...

Aim To evaluate a sample consisting of 144 autotransplanted teeth performed in 128 patients, which were subjected to periodic follow‐up from 6 months to 23 years. Materials and methods The sample consists of 33 molars, 91 premolars, 4 canines and 16 incisors. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed every 6 months since the day of tra...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous connective tissue response of isogenic mice exposed to tricalcium silicate (Biodentine) and aggregated mineral trioxide (ProRoot MTA). A total of 120 mice were divided into 4 groups in 3 different experimental periods (7, 21 and 63 days): Biodentine; Pro-Root MTA; zinc oxide-eugenol and; Negati...

Introduction In clinical practice, submerged roots are found with high frequency, and their presence can change the planning of dental movements and implant placement. Objectives To provide explanations of possible developments in the area involved, according to the evolutionary stage of the process, at the time of diagnosis. Discussion After atr...

Introduction: Assessment of two radiographic images reveals two distinct, extreme situations of physiological tooth resorption, characteristic of primary teeth with or without permanent successor, due to partial anodontia. Discussion: In all primary teeth, rhizolysis begins after the completion of formation, thanks to the apoptosis of their cell...

INTRODUÇÃO: Não há como compreender onde haveria uma falha nos primórdios da odontogênese que pudesse ser chamada de “falha primária de erupção”. OBJETIVO: Uma análise bem fundamentada desse “diagnóstico” é o objetivo do presente artigo. DISCUSSÃO: A ossificação e o desenvolvimento dos germes dentários geram forças que expandem seu volume em todas...

Objective: Biologically explain some of the bone mechanisms involved in the intrusion, or intrusive effect, of teeth submitted to skeletal open bite correction using four miniplates. Methods: The results of dental intrusion were measured and compared in 3D reconstructions of cone beam computed tomography scans taken before and after treatment of...

Introduction: Supernumerary teeth in cases of cleft lip and palate do not result from the division of normal germs before the formation of hard tissue. Deciduous and permanent teeth odontogenesis begins after the face has formed, either with or without the cleft. Discussion: The most acceptable hypothesis to enable understanding of the presence...

OBJETIVO: Difundir entre os profissionais e pacientes as condutas mais eficientes para preservar os dentes depois dos vários tipos de traumatismos dentários sem fraturas. DISCUSSÃO: São cinco as situações de traumatismos dentários para as quais devemos memorizar as condutas para conduzir os casos clínicos que podem se apresentar a qualquer profissi...

Introdução: Decoronação é uma técnica terapêutica para os dentes anquilosados depois de traumatismos dentários, que evoluem naturalmente para reabsorção dentária por substituição, para se evitar sequelas pós-cirúrgicas. Mas ela também pode ser indicada para várias outras situações clínicas. Descrição: Os dentes em anquilose alveolodentária e reabso...

It has been shown that a class of drugs for diabetes control, the thiazolidinediones, leads to increased apoptosis in osteocytes. Considering the correlations between osteocytes and cementocytes, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the apoptosis on cementocytes of wild type mice that had received rosiglitazone. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice we...

INTRODUÇÃO: As implicações do tratamento ortodôntico na polpa e em seu envelhecimento, no trauma oclusal e na doença periodontal, têm dogmas e mitos de uma época em que nada se podia comprovar ou testar com muita precisão e metodologia, pois as imagens eram ruins e as observações microscópicas, muito raras. DESCRIÇÃO: Quem envelhece a polpa não é a...

INTRODUÇÃO: Dentes com ápices incompletos podem ser movimentados desde que se distribuam uniformemente as forças aplicadas ao longo da raiz, sem abusar da inclinação. Não há como eliminar os cementoblastos no ápice em formação. Forças muito intensas, aplicadas de forma inadvertida, acidental ou negligente, podem reduzir o volume sanguíneo para essa...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous tissue response after different protocols to photodynamic therapy (PDT). In Phase 1, were tested the diode laser (used for 1min) associated to the photosensitizer phenothiazine chloride solution (PCS) in different concentrations. In Phase 2 – the diode laser and LED were tested assoc...

Introduction: The third molars are forgotten because they are the last in the dental arch, they do not directly influence the smile and they appear only in adolescence, when they do. Objectives: 1) to provide the clinician with a “checklist” to assess and diagnose changes to be screened in the third molar region in new patients; 2) to reveal the i...

INTRODUÇÃO: A reabsorção por substituição é mais lenta e tardia quando envolve o esmalte. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse trabalho é ressaltar que o esmalte pode ser envolvido e fazer parte da anquilose alveolodentária e da reabsorção dentária por substituição, embora isso seja incomum no dia a dia clínico. Com base nos princípios da biopatologia óssea,...

Introduction: Teeth frequently fail to erupt and situations arise that prevent the canines from reaching the occlusal plane. Objective: Discourse about the three situations in which the canine does not reach the occlusal plane, and remains unerupted; and at the same time, point how to make a safe diagnosis of alveolodental ankylosis - one of the t...

Introdução: A única causa da anquilose e da consequente reabsorção por substituição em dentes irrompidos é o traumatismo dentário. O mais frequente e silencioso dos traumatismos dentários, em suas consequências, é a concussão dentária e, muitas vezes, o paciente nem se lembra, na anamnese, dela ter ocorrido. Descrição: O tratamento de vanguarda da...

A odontodisplasia regional é uma anomalia dentária, pouco comum, não hereditária e com uma etiologia ainda desconhecida. Os tecidos afetados são o esmalte e a dentina, são acometidos nos dentes decíduos e, as vezes na dentição permanente de um mesmo indivíduo. Esta lesão pode ser confundida com outras lesões como por exemplo o odontoma ou dentes co...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tissue reaction stimulated by BaSO 4-and Bi 2 O 3-containing White MTA Angelus, in comparison with Bi 2 O 3-containing white Portland cement, and white ProRoot MTA. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing between 250 and 300 g, were distributed into three groups (n = 12) in ac...

INTRODUÇÃO: Os terceiros molares, quando não estão em oclusão, representam uma fonte de problemas, como reabsorções nos segundos molares e/ou em sua própria estrutura, pericoronarites, cisto paradentário, outros cistos e neoplasias odontogênicas. Quando parcialmente irrompidos, são portas de entrada para microrganismos e isso pode comprometer a saú...

Background: Previous data suggest that bone demineralization may promote bone graft consolidation as well as proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblasts, but the biological mechanisms involved in this process need to be clarified. This study investigated the effects of bone demineralization with citric acid (CA) and tetracycline (TCN) on...

Background: Bone demineralization has shown to be advantageous in autogenous onlay bone grafts and in pre-osteoblasts cultures, but such procedure has never been evaluated in particulate bone grafts. This study aimed to investigate the role of two demineralizing agents in the repair of the 8-mm critical-size defects in rats' calvaria. Methods: E...

A 60-year-old woman with leukoderma, retired, presented with a main complaint of “ball in the roof of the mouth,” evolution of 10 years, without change of size, and she had used a partial removable prosthesis for 20 years. However, in the last month she began to feel pain. She was a smoker for 10 years (1 pack/d). Clinical examination showed a nodu...

Pyogenic granuloma is defined as a non-neoplastic proliferative process, probably due to local irritation or trauma, with the gingiva being the site most affected (75% to 85%). A 64-year-old woman was examined, and the presence of increase in volume in the floor of the mouth on the left side, with a 2-month evolution, extending from the edentulous...

Introduction: The dental pulp is completely normal in teeth with periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. However, orthodontic and endodontic treatments are contraindicated in cases with this injury. Objective: Present some biological, clinical and imaging reasons opposing these contraindications and questioning which are the real ones impediments an...

As cúspides supranumerárias são pouco exploradas clinicamente e muito pouco registradas. A falta de conhecimento faz com que as correções e adequações de sua presença não sejam devidamente valorizadas pelo profissional e, em especial, pelo paciente. A presença de cúspides supranumerárias deve ser informada ao paciente com o devido valor e, em espec...

Introduction: When miniplates are used as anchoring for orthodontic mechanics for anterior open bite correction by retraction of anterior teeth and posterior teeth intrusion and retraction, orthodontically induced inflammatory external apical root resorption is clinically negligible. Methods: A homogeneous sample of 32 patients was used, and the...

The subject of this work is the evaluation of the use of titanium mesh domes coated with latex extracted from Hevea brasiliensis to promote vertical guided bone augmentation (GBA), above the normal limits of the skeleton. Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were used, in which a circular groove of eight millimeters in diameter and nine holes in the int...

Pediatric mandibular tumors present an aggressive biological behavior and difficult diagnosis. A wide range of odontogenic and nonodontogenic tumors comprise the spectrum of these lesions. We report a case of a 1-year-old male child patient showing facial asymmetry symptomatic of an expansive lesion extending throughout the body and ramus of the le...

Endodontically treated teeth may be moved, as endodontic treatment is not a contraindication for orthodontic treatment. Apical periodontal repair begins when the periapical or pulp lesion has completely resolved. This may happen immediately after treatment if the filling material causes little or no irritation of periapical tissues, and particularl...

The atrophy of the periodontal ligament places the tooth very close to the bone or another tooth, as occurs in unerupted teeth. The absent interdental bone and the lack of functional periodontal stimulus may lead to the fusion of the appositional layers of cement between the roots of the teeth. Concrescence almost always occurs in the region of the...

RESUMO: Quais são os critérios para se deixar um dente não irrompido nos ossos maxilares? Para controlar essa situação, requer-se um conhecimento prévio sobre o folículo pericoronário, especialmente sobre sua estrutura, funções e possíveis consequências de sua permanência. Imagiologicamente, existem critérios para se afirmar que ele está normal, e...

The starting point for the treatment of unerupted teeth should consider the fact that, biologically, the pericoronal follicle maintains the ability to release EGF and other mediators responsible for eruption over time. The eruptive events may be guided and directed, so that teeth may occupy the space prepared to receive them in the dental arch, as...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous connective tissue response of isogenic mice after implantation of different glass ionomer-based cements (EQUIA® Forte Fil, EQUIA® Fil and Ketac™ Universal Aplicap™). Eighty-seven isogenic BALB/c mice were allocated in 12 groups, 9 were considered as experimental groups (Ketac, E. Fil and E. For...

Failure of eruption of a permanent first molar is a relatively infrequent clinical condition that affects the normal development of dentition and may cause malocclusion. There are two conditions that might result in failure of eruption: (1) mechanical failure (ankylosis) and (2) primary failure of eruption, with different clinical features and ther...

Aim: To evaluate the effect of Alendronate (ALN) on the development of induced periapical lesions in ovariectomized rats. Methodology: Twenty-five rats were divided into three groups: sham (control), ovariectomy (OVX), and OVX + ALN. One day after OVX, animals from the OVX + ALN group received the medication via gavage. After 9 weeks, the first...

Knife-edge or blunt root resorptions characterize ameloblastomas and are pathognomonic for this tumor, because they differentiate ameloblastomas from simple bone cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and nasopalatine duct cysts, which do not lead to resorption of involved teeth. Despite the very high frequency and importance of these characteristics for a...

Dentinogenic ghost cell tumors (DGCTs) are uncommon neoplasms classified as a solid variant of the calcifying odontogenic cyst and defined as a locally invasive neoplasm. It can occur in two forms: Intraosseous (central) and extraosseous (peripheral). The objective of the present article was to present a bibliometric review of the published cases o...

Os toros palatino e mandibular são distúrbios do desenvolvimento do tipo anomalia de forma, com manifestação tardia no crescimento e maturação dos maxilares. Os casos familiares e a persistência dos toros com a idade e em desdentados lhes atribuem uma origem genética, que começa a ser desvendada. Há uma dificuldade para interpretar os toros como um...

Os alinhadores dentários em placas transparentes estão sendo vendidos diretamente pelos fabricantes aos pacientes, e sendo entregues em suas casas pelo correio, sem os serviços de um ortodontista clínico como responsável. Os alinhadores dentários em forma de placas transparentes funcionam, desde que sejam especificamente indicados, adequadamente ut...

Os dentes não irrompidos impactados e associados a odontomas, especialmente os caninos superiores, devem ser preservados e tracionados ortodonticamente após a remoção cirúrgica da lesão. Os tecidos pericoronários serão reparados e regenerados, inclusive nas áreas dos braquetes e fios aplicados com essa finalidade na superfície do esmalte. Quando se...

Despite the explanations about the mechanisms and reasons why dental follicles of unerupted maxillary canines do not cause root resorption in neighboring teeth, questions remain about the time expected for this event and the lack of protocols for preventive clinical management, which may serve as insights for further studies. Here, these mechanisms...

Muitas lesões imitam as lesões periapicais crônicas inflamatórias, mas os dentes permanecem com vitalidade pulpar. Cinco perguntas são fundamentais: 1) Qual é o diagnóstico? 2) Qual é seu tratamento? 3) Qual será minha conduta? 4) A quem devo encaminhar? 5) Isso vai impedir o tratamento ortodôntico? Abrir a coroa de um dente com vitalidade e expor...

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is released from orthodontic composites used for bracket bonding. Genetic variations could modify the metabolism of this chemical within the organism. Considering that free BPA binds to estrogen receptors causing harmful effects to health, the present in vivo study aimed to evaluate the association between genetic pol...

Background/Aim The literature on the pathogenesis of extrusive dental luxation has been focused on periodontal tissue responses, with little attention given to the pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of dental pulp of teeth following extrusive luxation in a rat model. Material and Methods The maxillary right central incisors o...

An 89-year-old leukoderma male patient, retired farmer. He was a smoker and alcoholic since 50 years ago, he presented with a chief complaint of "bee sting in the mouth" for 3 years. Clinically, a 4 mm diameter lesion was observed at the center of the lower lip semimucosa, erasing the mucocutaneous junction line. Incisional biopsy was performed and...

During the orthodontic assessment of a 10-year-old girl, a radiolucent area in the median anterior region of the maxilla was detected on the panoramic radiograph. A cone beam computed tomography analysis revealed a large, well defined, hypodense area of 2.5 by 3 cm, expanding the vestibular, palatine and floor of nasal cavity cortical bones. A dark...

In order to lead to insights and discussion on proper use of Orthodontics and Pathology-related terminology, particularly in cases of smaller-than-usual maxilla and mandible - that is, anomalous ones -, this study compared the conceptual meaning of the term “atresia.” It is considered improper when referring to maxilla and mandible with deficient g...

To biologically explain why the orthodontic treatment does not induce pulp necrosis and calcific metamorphosis of the pulp, this paper presents explanations based on pulp physiology, microscopy and pathology, and especially the cell and tissue phenomena that characterize the induced tooth movement. The final reflections are as follows: 1) the ortho...

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia is a sclerosing disease that affects the mandible, especially the alveolar process, and that is, in most cases, bilateral; however, in some cases it affects up to three or even four quadrants. During the disease, normal bone is replaced with a thinly formed, irregularly distributed tissue peppered with radiolucent a...

Background: External apical root resorption as a consequence of orthodontic treatment is an inflammatory pathological process that results in permanent loss of tooth structure from the root apex. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of human dentine fractions and salivary IgG in external apical root resorption. P...

Résumé Contexte La résorption radiculaire apicale externe consécutive à un traitement orthodontique est un processus inflammatoire pathologique qui entraîne une perte irréversible de structure dentaire au niveau de l’apex radiculaire. Objectifs Cette étude avait pour but de rechercher un moyen diagnostique de susceptibilité de résorption apicale...

Objective To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture in femurs and maxillary bones of ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated or not treated with alendronate (ALD) or odanacatib (ODN). Study Design: Twenty rats were divided into groups: SHAM, OVX, OVX/ALD and OVX/ODN. After 12 weeks, the femurs and maxillae were removed and subjected to...

The teeth become very close to each other when they are crowded, but their structures remain individualized and, in this situation, the role of the epithelial rests of Malassez is fundamental to release the EGF. The concept of tensegrity is fundamental to understand the responses of tissues submitted to forces in body movements, including teeth and...

Dental arches areas with teeth presenting dentoalveolar ankylosis and replacement root resorption can be considered as presenting normal bone, in full physiological remodeling process; and osseointegrated implants can be successfully placed. Bone remodeling will promote osseointegration, regardless of presenting ankylosis and/or replacement root re...

Objectives The objective of the present study is to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of two novel endodontic sealers: RealSeal XT1 and Sealapex Xpress on the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice. Materials and methodsThe cytotoxicity was assessed by cell viability using the MTT assay (one-way ANOVA), trypan blue tes...

Aim To compare the apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP) with conventional irrigation in the teeth of immature dogs with apical periodontitis. Methods Fifty-two immature pre-molar root canals were randomly assigned into 4 groups: ANP (n=15); conventional irrigation (n=17); healthy teeth (control) (n = 10); and teeth with untreated apical perio...

The relationship between maxillary lateral incisor anodontia and the palatal displacement of unerupted maxillary canines cannot be considered as a multiple tooth abnormality with defined genetic etiology in order to be regarded as a “syndrome”. Neither were the involved genes identified and located in the human genome, nor was it presumed on which...

The nasopalatine cyst (NPC) is a non-odontogenic cyst, it occurs mainly in adult patients in some cases can bring difficulties to the diagnostic due to its silent growing. We are going to present in this paper report case in a 10-year child emphasizing the histophatological characteristics and the findings in obtained images by Cone Beam Computed T...

This paper aims at exposing the foundations or reasons why, in cases of external tooth resorption, including those of orthodontic origin, one should not perform a root canal to treat it. That should be done only to teeth with contamination or pulp necrosis, to remove the periapical inflammation induced by microbial products. When facing cases of ex...

Background: The immunogenic potential of dentin has been reported through dentin-reactive autoantibodies detection in human and animal model. This study aimed to investigate the formation and diagnostic value of immune complexes formation after autoantibodies production, and soluble dentin antigens levels associated to root resorption, in the cour...

An 18-year-old male patient presented with suddenly decreased vision, itching, corneal edema and an inability to close the left eye. They had left Bell’s paralysis for two weeks and had used high diopter glasses for five years. The best corrected visual acuity was 0.4 in their right eye and counting fingers in the left eye. Biomicroscopic examinati...

The mandibular infected buccal cyst are considered paradental cysts, which are odontogenic lesions of inflammatory origin. Approximately one-third of paradental cysts arise in younger patients associated to the first and second lower permanent molars. This case report describes the management of a rare, well-defined radiolucency associated with the...

Sífilis adquirida; Lesões sifilíticas.

The extra-alveolar dry period and storage medium in which the tooth was kept prior to replantation remain the critical factors affecting the survival and regeneration of the damaged periodontium. When the replantation is delayed, replacement root resorption is the most common complication following replantation of an avulsed tooth. The aim of this...

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that bone demineralization can improve consolidation in bone grafts. The biologic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Methods: Twelve adult male guinea pigs were used in this experiment. Forty-five bone samples removed from the calvaria of nine animals were divided in groups (n = 9...

The extra-alveolar dry period and storage medium in which the tooth was kept prior to replantation remain the critical factors affecting the survival and regeneration of the damaged periodontium. When the replantation is delayed, replacement root resorption is the most common complication following replantation of an avulsed tooth. The aim of this...