Albert Kraler

Danube University Krems · Department of Migration and Globalization

In this paper, we explore how the European Union (EU) legal and policy framework relates to protracted displacement. To this end, we examine the existing legal, policy and institutional framework both in the EU and globally, including the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), the 2015 ‘European Agenda on Migration’, and the New Pact on Migration an...

In this paper, we explore how the European Union (EU) legal and policy framework relates to protracted displacement. To this end, we examine the existing legal, policy and institutional framework both in the EU and globally, including the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), the 2015 ‘European Agenda on Migration’, and the New Pact on Migration an...

Across the world, 16 million refugees and an unknown number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) experience long-lasting conditions of economic precarity, marginalisation, rightlessness and future uncertainty. They live under conditions of protracted displacement. Policy solutions often fail to recognise displaced people's needs and limit rather...

A number of recent conflicts and natural disasters have highlighted the particular vulnerability of migrants during crises in countries of destination and transit. A particular catalyst was the Libyan revolution of 2011 and the ensuing violence. In response to this and other crisis a specific initiative – the ‘Migrants in Countries of Crisis initia...

In this chapter we provide a critical appraisal of data collection and statistical data production on migrants and migration, indicators used to identify migrants, and the different uses of migration statistics for political and scientific purposes. We will start off by a brief review of the politics of statistical data and then provide a short rev...

Free movement within the Schengen area is a cornerstone of European integration-and indeed an essential part of the European way of life. However, this freedom of movement is limited for forcibly displaced people residing within the European Union (EU). European asylum systems are designed to suppress mobility, which actually prevents many asylum s...

Almost 20 years ago, UNHCR coined the term ‘protracted refugee situations’ to draw attention to the plight of refugees in extended exile and to promote durable solutions. However, the search for solutions for persons in longer-term displacement has been at the heart of the international refugee protection regime ever since its beginnings in the ear...

Throughout history, people in fear of persecution, violence, war, and other serious harm had to abandon their property and livelihoods to relocate to safer places. The most widely used term to refer to such persons is “refugees”. History abounds with stories of forced migration. One key element explaining the changed scope and nature of both confli...

This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, examines legal and policy responses to environmental migration and displacement. Following a review of international, regional and national initiatives and legal instruments, it offers recomme...

Als Reaktion auf Appelle, die dazu aufriefen, Migrant/innen in Krisenzeiten weltweit besser zu schützen und zu unterstützen, wurde 2014 die Initiative Migrants in Countries in Crisis (MICIC) ins Leben gerufen, und zwar unter anderem von Peter Sutherland, dem UN-Sonderbeauftragten für Migration. Im ersten Teil dieses Kapitels zeichnen wir die Entste...

This working paper explores the governance of protracted displacement across global, regional and domestic levels in the context of the project “Transnational Figurations of Displacement” (TRAFIG). The multiple contemporary crises that have led to forced displacement show not only the limits of a tight definition of ‘refugee’ but also highlight t...

TRAFIG aims to contribute to the development of alternative solutions to protracted displacement that are tailored to the needs and capacities of displaced persons. This working paper contains our central concepts and key terms. We make use of the concept of social figurations as the theoretical foundation for our research. We understand figuration...

This paper examines the social policy implications of the regularization of irregular immigrants. As an act of legal integration regularization arguably is about irregular migrants’ inclusion into mainstream social and legal structures and, as a corollary, has important implications for migrants’ access to social rights. Based on a recent comparati...

This report presents the comparative findings of research spanning two years on migrants caught in situations of crisis in destination countries. The research focused on the longer-term socio-economic impacts of these crises on migrants, on their families and on the countries affected by crises. While previous studies have examined crises and their...

Analysis of the relationship between research and policy making in the field of migration, integration and asylum. Based on a theoretical framework grounded in system theory, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK are analysed as concrete examples. Finally, suggestions for improvements are made.

Comparative Report on national integration policies of the EU funded PROSINT project.: http://research.icmpd.org/research-home/projects/integration-non-discrimination/prosint/

Austrian Country Report for the Study Inequalities and Multiple Discrimination in Access to Health; commissioned by the FRA to the Research Institute of the Red Cross and the ICMPD.

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the primary fundamental rights concerns related to biometrics and their use in automated border controls (ABCs), as well as how these issues converge in the European Commission’s Smart Borders proposal. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on extensive background research and qualitative in-depth inte...

This chapter is about the role of statistics in the shaping of policies regarding migration and migrant integration. In the nineteenth century already states began to feel a need to register their residents so as to find out who qualify for certain entitlements and who do not, for example because they originate in another country. Population statis...

“Family migration” and “integration” are intimately related concepts in policy discourses in Europe today. Assumptions about the relation between “family migration” and “integration” play a crucial role in shaping policies. This special issue aims to examine the axis between “family migration,” “policy,” and “integration,” both from a policy perspe...

In the past decade or so, family-related migration has moved to the centre of debates on migration, integration and multiculturalism in Europe. Its quantitative significance and the related perception that family-related migration undermines migration control is one reason for this attention paid to it.

Recent programs to regularize undocumented migrants suggest the increasing role of employment as a requirement for foreigners to legally reside in Europe. Taking as illustrations the cases of Spain, France, Austria, Belgium and Germany, this article examines how regularization policies frame work. Employment provisions follow a civic-performance fr...

div> The pieces in this volume offer fresh approaches to a variety of debates over migration policy. The authors of these essays explore migration policymaking in ten European countries, looking at the way social scientists and politicians form and implement these policies. Migration Policymaking in Europe contains original insights and in-depth co...

div> Family-related migration is moving to the center of political debates on migration, integration, and multiculturalism in Europe. Still, strands of academic research on family migrations and migrant families remain separate from- and sometimes ignorant of – each other. This volume seeks to bridge the disciplinary divide. Collectively, the autho...

This is a draft version of a chapter in a volume edited by Rob Bijl & Arjen Verweij entitled "Integration in Europe. An overview of policy and monitoring" (The Hague: The Netherlands Institute for Social Research, pp.43-68, available at https://archief23.sitearchief.nl/archives/sitearchief/20200311115438/https://www.scp.nl/dsresource?objectid=cf309...

Wild assumptions, estimates and number games are made in regard to irregular migration flows. While the numbers cited are, in fact, often dated and of unclear origin, reports use such numbers to suggest a rise in irregular migration; they also usually assume that irregular entry and, to some extent, overstaying are the only significant pathways int...

Almost all Member States in the European Union currently make use, or in the past have made use of some form of regularisation of irregular immigrants, although to greatly varying degrees, in different ways and as a rule only reluctantly. A distinct feature of recent regularisations has been the shift towards a humanitarian justification of regular...

What precisely belongs to the domain of politics and hence should be considered political participation is not without contention. Most definitions of political participation include both conventional forms of political participation related to electoral politics – such as voting or standing for elections – and various alternative forms of politica...

This paper draws on how constructions of ‘the migrant family’ in political discourse influence migrants' and their families' lives. In specific national contexts, ‘the migrant family’ is determined according to the national and European debates and expressed by their respective rules and regulations. By ‘doing family’, migrants and their families d...

This paper discusses special admission rules for ministers of religion, focusing on admission policies for Muslim ministers of religion. The paper situates admission policies in the wider context of the political accommodation of Islam in Western Europe and analyses to what extent such policies are linked to other dimensions of the political accomm...

div> Between 1991 and 2001, the size of Britain's ethnic minority population increased by a full fifty percent. In that same decade, approximately one million immigrants settled in Britain. Similar patterns of migration and settlement are taking place in other European countries, such as Germany and France. The Dynamics of Migration and Settlement...

div> Between 1991 and 2001, the size of Britain's ethnic minority population increased by a full fifty percent. In that same decade, approximately one million immigrants settled in Britain. Similar patterns of migration and settlement are taking place in other European countries, such as Germany and France. The Dynamics of Migration and Settlement...

div>As Europe struggles to integrate growing numbers of immigrants into society, citizenship is frequently held out as both a goal of and a tool for promoting that integration. But by studying the issue from the perspective of migration, Migration and Citizenship makes clear that citizenship carries important legal and political status that goes be...

A fundamental issue in society today, migration has been undergoing a new dynamic transformation, calling for new policy approaches. This new dynamic is not yet understood clearly, let alone that adequate policy answers for ‘the managing’ of these new migration processes and the consequences for receiving and sending societies are within.This compr...

The article gives a review and critical discussion of contemporary theories of migration. It investigates the political and social reasons for theorizing migration, the different contexts, which were important for the emerging approaches. Although this branch of research is so strongly influenced, the authors observe certain progress in migration t...

As with other social processes, forms, scale and directions of migration are heavily influenced by the political, economic, cultural, ecological and the social context in which migration occurs. Yet, not only are actual processes of migration shaped by broader historical forces; also the way migration is perceived, represented, and thus, socially (...

This special volume is open access available: https://stichproben.univie.ac.at/alle-ausgaben/stichproben-nr-82005 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The increased attention given to African migrations has not been adequately translated into corr...

From Rightwing Populism to National Populism: The November 2002 National Elections in Austria Initially, the outcome of the recent Austrian elections might lead one to believe that xenophobia, and with it, the controversies surrounding immigration will finally disappear from the political agenda. However, it would be short-sightedness to analyze xe...

Als raum-zeitliches Phänomen, so die methodische These dieses Bandes, bietet sich die Analyse von Migrationsphänomenen grundsätzlich als Vehikel zur Untersuchung breiterer raum-zeitlicher Strukturen, gesell-schaftlicher Dynamiken und Veränderungsprozesse an. Migration stellt dabei nicht nur ein Resultat von globalen Ungleich heits strukturen und rä...

Zusammenfassung Mit Beginn der 90er Jahre geriet der ruandesische Staat in eine mehrfache Krise, die eine ökonomische Dimension (Fall der Kaffeepreise, Budget-krise, Hungerkrisen etc.), eine interne politische Dimension (Legitimati-onskrise des autoritären Regimes und Demokratisierung) und eine "exo-gene", historisch-politische Dimension (Rückkehrb...