Alam Moudud

• Ph.D.
• Professor (Associate) at Dalarna University

Aim Older adults are increasingly encouraged to continue living in their own homes with support from home care services. However, few studies have focused on older adults’ safety in home care. This study explored associations between the sense of security and factors related to demographic characteristics and home care services. Methods The mixed...

This study investigates the combination of audio and image data to classify road conditions, particularly focusing on loose gravel scenarios. The dataset underwent binary categorisation, comprising audio segments capturing gravel sounds and corresponding images. Early feature fusion, utilising a pre-trained Very Deep Convolutional Networks 19 (VGG1...

Background In Sweden, older people in residential care had the highest mortality rates, followed by those who received home care, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Staff working in the care of older people assumed responsibility for preventing the spread of the virus despite lacking the prerequisites and training. This study...

The color of road signs is a critical aspect of road safety, as it helps drivers quickly and accurately identify and re- spond to these signs. Properly colored road signs improve visibility during the day and make it easier for drivers to make informed decisions while driving. In order to ensure the safety and efficiency of road traffic, it is essent...

The color of road signs is a critical aspect of road safety, as it helps drivers quickly and accurately identify and respond to these signs. Properly colored road signs improve visibility during the day and make it easier for drivers to make informed decisions while driving. In order to ensure the safety and efficiency of road traffic, it is essent...

1. The concept of cumulative impacts is widespread in policy documents, regulations and ecological studies, but quantification methods are still evolving. Infrastructure development usually takes place in landscapes with preexisting anthropogenic features. Typically, their impact is determined by computing the distance to the nearest feature only,...

Background Older people in residential care had the highest mortality rates, followed by those who received home care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. Staff working in the care of older persons assumed responsibility for preventing the spread of the virus in spite of lacking the prerequisites and training to do so. This study aimed to invest...

The concept of cumulative impacts is widespread in policy documents, regulations, and ecological studies, but quantification methods are still evolving. Infrastructure development usually takes place in landscapes with preexisting anthropogenic features. Typically, their impact is determined by computing the distance to the nearest feature only, th...

Background Older people were subjected to significant restrictions on physical contacts with others during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing impacts older people's experiences of anxiety and loneliness. Despite a large body of research on the pandemic, there is little research on its effects on older people in residential care facilities (RC...

Road maintenance agencies subjectively assess loose gravel as one of the parameters for determining gravel road conditions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of deep learning-based pre-trained networks in rating gravel road images according to classical methods as done by human experts. The dataset consists of images of gravel roads extra...

The purpose was to compare selection, use and outcomes of assistive products among older home care clients with and without dementia in Sweden, and to explore the relations between the use of assistive products and perceptions of home care, loneliness and safety. Self-reported data from 89,811 home care clients aged 65 years or more, of whom 8.9% h...

Animal behavioural responses to the environment ultimately affect their survival. Monitoring animal fine-scale behaviour may improve understanding of animal functional response to the environment and provide an important indicator of the welfare of both wild and domesticated species. In this study, we illustrate the application of collar-attached a...

Background Dignity and well-being are central concepts in the care of older people, 65 years and older, worldwide. The person-centred practice framework identifies dignity and well-being as person-centred outcomes. Older persons living in residential care facilities, residents, have described that they sometimes lack a sense of dignity and well-bei...

Position data from real-time indoor positioning systems are increasingly used for studying individual cow behavior and social behavior in dairy herds. However, missing data challenges achieving reliable continuous activity monitoring and behavior studies. This study investigates the pattern of missing data and alternative interpolation methods in u...

The road traffic signs in Sweden have no inventory system and it is unknown when a sign has reached the end of its service life and needs to be replaced. As a result, the road authorities do not have a systematic maintenance program for road traffic signs, and many signs which are not in compliance with the minimum retroreflectivity performance req...

Dignity and well-being should be promoted in care of older people living at residential care facilities (RCFs). In addition, care should be person-centred. Dignity and well-being can be interpreted as person-centred outcomes. Older people living at RCFs experience a lack of dignity and well-being. To promote this, it is important to understand the...

The care of older people living in residential care facilities (RCFs) should promote dignity and well-being, but research shows that these aspects are lacking in such facilities. To promote dignity and well-being, it is important to understand which associated factors to target. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between perceive...

Name in English: Reindeer, reindeer husbandry, and wind power: winter and snow-free areas Summary: The aim of this study was to understand how reindeer and reindeer husbandry are affected by wind power in operation during both winter and snow free season. We have analysed how wind power development has affected reindeer herding and reindeer habita...

Real-time indoor positioning using ultra-wideband devices provides an opportunity for modern dairy farms to monitor the behavior of individual cows; however, missing data from these devices hinders reliable continuous monitoring and analysis of animal movement and social behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the data quality, in term...

Road condition evaluation is a critical part of gravel road maintenance. One of the assessed parameters is the amount of loose gravel, as this determines the driving quality and safety. Loose gravel can cause tires to slip and the driver to lose control. An expert assesses the road conditions subjectively by looking at images and notes. This method...

A statistical model is developed in order to simulate the melt composition in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) with respect to uncertainties in (1) scrap composition, (2) scrap weighing and (3) element distribution factors. The tramp element Cu and alloying element Cr are taken into account. The model enables simulations of a charge program as well as...

Road condition evaluation is a critical part of gravel road maintenance. One of the parameters that are assessed is loose Gravel. An expert does this evaluation by subjectively looking at images taken and written text for deciding on the road condition. This method is labor-intensive and subjected to an error of judgment; therefore, it is not relia...

Rapid climate change in Arctic regions is linked to the expansion of woody taxa (shrubification), and an increase in biomass as tundra becomes greener. Reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) are considered able to suppress vegetative greening through grazing and trampling. Quantifying reindeer use of different land cover types can help us underst...

Objective Studies on the quality of home care services (HCS) offered to persons with dementia (PwDs) reveal the prevalence of unmet needs and dissatisfaction related to encounters and a lack of relationships with staff. The objective of this study was to enhance knowledge of the perceptions of PwDs regarding their treatment with dignity and respect...

Background and Objectives Levodopa concentration in patients with Parkinson’s disease is frequently modelled with ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Here, we investigate a pharmacokinetic model of plasma levodopa concentration in patients with Parkinson’s disease by introducing stochasticity to separate the intra-individual variability into me...

Objective Dosing schedules for oral levodopa in advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD) require careful tailoring to fit the needs of each patient. This study proposes a dosing algorithm for oral administration of levodopa and evaluates its integration into a sensor-based dosing system (SBDS). Materials and methods In collaboration with two mo...

To meet the expanding land use required for wind energy development, a better understanding of the effects on terrestrial animals’ responses to such development is required. Using GPS-data from 50 freely ranging female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the Malå reindeer herding community, Sweden, we determined reindeer calving sites and estimated rei...

Aims/hypothesis: Multiplex proteomics could improve understanding and risk prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes. This study assessed 80 cardiovascular and inflammatory proteins for biomarker discovery and prediction of MACE in type 2 diabetes. Methods: We combined data from six prospective epidemiological s...

Background and Objective To achieve optimal effect with continuous infusion treatment in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the individual doses (morning dose and continuous infusion rate) are titrated by trained medical personnel. This study describes an algorithmic method to derive optimized dosing suggestions for infusion treatment of PD, by fitting indi...

The goal of this study was to develop an algorithm that automatically quantifies motor states (off,on,dyskinesia) in Parkinson's disease (PD), based on accelerometry during a hand pronation-supination test. Clinician's ratings using the Treatment Response Scale (TRS), ranging from -3 (very Off) to 0 (On) to +3 (very dyskinetic), was used as target....

Worldwide there is a rush toward wind power development and its associated infrastructure. In Fennoscandia, large-scale wind farms comprising several hundred windmills are currently built in important grazing ranges used for Sámi reindeer husbandry. In this study, reindeer habitat use was assessed using reindeer fecal pellet group counts in relatio...

Budget restrictions often limit the number of possible maintenance activities in a road network each year. To effectively allocate resources, the rate of road pavement deterioration is of great importance. If two maintenance candidates have an equivalent condition, it is reasonable to maintain the segment with the highest deterioration rate first....

We analyze a real data set pertaining to reindeer fecal pellet-group counts obtained from a survey conducted in a forest area in northern Sweden. In the data set, over 70% of counts are zeros, and there is high spatial correlation. We use conditionally autoregressive random effects for modeling of spatial correlation in a Poisson generalized linear...

De flesta kommuner erbjuder sommarjobb till gymnasieungdomar. Vi har undersökt om denna arbetslivserfarenhet påverkar flickors framtida arbetsinkomster. Vi följde 1 447 flickor i fem till tolv år efter avslutat gymnasium. Flickorna hade under sitt första gymnasieår ansökt och slumpmässigt tilldelats sommarjobb av Falu kommun. Effekten av sommarjobb...

We present a new version (> 2.0) of the hglm package for fitting hierarchical generalized linear models (HGLMs) with spatially correlated random effects. CAR() and SAR() families for conditional and simultaneous autoregressive random effects were implemented. Eigen decomposition of the matrix describing the spatial structure (e.g., the neighborhood...

Public programs offering summer jobs to smooth the transition from school to work is commonplace. However, the empirical support for summer jobs is limited. This paper exploits the availability of registered individual information and random allocation to summer job to provide empirical evidences on this issue. Objectives: To identify the effect o...

Abstract Text: Spatial modelling is recognized as an important factor for assessment of breeding values in plant trials. 841 Scots pines were analyzed using version 2.0 of the hglm package. Both random additive genetic effects and spatial effects were included in the model. The covariance structures for the genetic and spatial effects were given...

The Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy (IFAU) is a research institute under the Swedish Ministry of Employment, situated in Uppsala. IFAU's objective is to promote, support and carry out scientific evaluations. The assignment includes: the effects of labour market and educational policies, studies of the functioning of t...

As the molecular marker density grows, there is a strong need in both genome-wide association studies and genomic selection to fit models with a large number of parameters. Here we present a computationally efficient generalized ridge regression (RR) algorithm for situations where the number of parameters largely exceeds the number of observations....

We consider methods for estimating the causal effects of treatment in the situation where the individuals in the treatment and the control group are self selected, i.e., the selection mechanism is not randomized. In this case, a simple comparison of treated and control outcomes will not generally yield valid estimates of casual effect. The propensi...

This paper presents a study that examines repair costs for different road barrier types and factors that influence these costs. The analyses focused on w-beam and cable barriers used as median barriers. To some extent, pipe barriers, Kohlswa-beam barriers, and concrete barriers were also studied. The influencing factors included in this study were...

We present the hglm package for fitting hierarchical generalized linear models. It can be used for linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models with random effects for a variety of links and a variety of distributions for both the outcomes and the random effects. Fixed effects can also be fitted in the dispersion part of the model.

This paper traces the developments of credit risk modeling in the past 10 years. Our work can be divided into two parts: selecting articles and summarizing results. On the one hand, by constructing an ordered logit model on historical Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes of articles about credit risk modeling, we sort out articles which are t...

This paper presents a two-step pseudo likelihood estimation technique for generalized linear mixed models with the random effects being correlated between groups. The core idea is to deal with the intractable integrals in the likelihood function by multivariate Taylor's approximation. The accuracy of the estimation technique is assessed in a Monte-...

This paper presents the techniques of likelihood prediction for the generalized linear mixed models. Methods of likelihood prediction is explained through a series of examples; from a classical one to more complicated ones. The examples show, in simple cases, that the likelihood prediction (LP) coincides with already known best frequentist practice...

This thesis deals with developing and testing feasible computational procedures to facilitate the estimation of and carry out the prediction with the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with a scope of applying them to large data sets. The work of this thesis is motivated from an issue arising in credit risk modelling. We have access to a huge da...

In this paper, we discuss how a regression model, with a non-continuous response variable, which allows for dependency between observations, should be estimated when observations are clustered and measurements on the subjects are repeated. The cluster sizes are assumed to be large. We find that the conventional estimation technique suggested by the...

This paper presents a two-step pseudo likelihood estimation technique for the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) with random effects being correlated (possibly between subjects). Due to the use of the two-step estimation technique the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional pseudo likelihood algorithms, e.g. Wolfinger and O’Connell (199...

In this paper we discuss how a regression model, with a non-continuous response variable, that allows for dependency between observations should be estimated when observations are clustered and there are repeated measurements on the subjects. The cluster sizes are assumed to be large. We …nd that the conventional estimation technique suggested by t...

This vignette describes the R hglm package via a series of applications that may be of interest to applied scientists. The hglm package implements the estimation algorithm for hierarchical generalized linear models. The package fits generalized linear models with random effects, where the random effect may come from a conjugate exponential-family d...

The purposes of this study are, …rstly, to evaluate the eect of the summer job experience on the future labor market outcomes of the participating high school students in comparison with the non-participants; and secondly, to compare the results of an experimental study with its non-experimental alternatives with a view to examining the conditions...