Alain RalletUniversité Paris-Saclay
Alain Rallet
PhD
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113
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Introduction
Alain Rallet currently works at the RITM, Université Paris-Saclay. Alain does research in Socioeconomics, Platform Economics, Industrial Organization and Regional Economics. Their most recent publication is 'Privacy and antitrust: Opposing or complementary regulations?'.
Publications
Publications (113)
Platform-based on-demand delivery services are rapidly developing in urban areas, especially in the food sector, raising new issues for urban planners, especially in the field of transport. Based on a survey of over 100 couriers conducted in 2018 in the municipality of Paris (France), this work aims at analyzing the profile, delivery activity and m...
The paper delivers a framework for the analysis of creative cities based on a topology of cultural places and artists’ perceptions of these places in the Paris Region. We apply this framework to a survey of 267 artists by using mental maps to capture their perceptions of the places they regard as having contributed the most to their creativity. A q...
Smartphones facilitating informal coordination in Abidjan scrapyards
International organizations (ILO, World Bank) and public policy makers in developing countries have high hopes that digitization will formalize predominantly informal economies and thus make them more efficient. This article questions that perspective by critically examining the u...
Perceptions of place and subjective proximity: an analysis of Paris Region’ creative dynamics
The present contribution suggests a renewal of the studies related to proximities by taking into account their subjective dimension. Among all the possible approaches to introduce the perception of proximity, we proposed to integrate it by the representati...
The goal of this article is to study the effects of legal protection of personal data (privacy) on competition, and to investigate to which extent privacy is complementary or opposed to antitrust policy. First, we highlight the role of the costs faced by consumers due to privacy regulation, including the consent costs occuring when consumers want t...
This chapter argues that new approaches of the geographical dimension of innovation are necessary today, because the existing ones either suffer from analytical shortcomings or have failed to take into account changes in the conception of innovation and in the organization of contemporary societies. The first section is devoted to the cluster-orien...
The aim of this article is to explain the gap between high social expectations, particularly in terms of reducing commuting frequency, increasing productivity and improving work-life balance, and the reality of home-based telework. We use three French databases which give information about employers but also employees. We highlight that telework is...
L'Open data peut soulever d'importantes difficultes concernant la protection des donnees a caractere personnel, directement ou indirectement par recoupement des bases de donnees publiques. Les objets connectes posent la question avec encore plus d'acuite puisqu'ils enregistrent nos activites personnelles au travers de leur diversite, de leurs local...
L'objectif de cet article est d'expliquer les écarts entre les fortes attentes sociétales attachées au télétravail et la faiblesse de sa pratique en France. Sur la base de trois enquêtes, nous montrons que le télétravail est non seulement un phénomène limité, mais qu'il est principalement lié à des arrangements informels, et enfin qu'il n'est plébi...
Connected mobility and changes in travel behaviour
This article examines potential changes in the ways that people move in space, induced by access to mobile Internet on a smartphone. The first section reviews current trends in urban and inter-urban individual travel behaviour in France over the past 25 years. The second section identifies three ty...
This chapter therefore provides a critical review of proximist literature on the geography of innovation from the point of view of its future prospects. We shall answer the following questions: (1) How have studies evolved? (2) In what direction are they developing today? (3) What are the best avenues for renewal, that is, how to escape diminishing...
From Privacy by Design to Privacy by Using
A legal and economic perspective
Privacy by design (from the first stages of design) appears to be an appealing solution to protect personal data and privacy, but is faced with two difficulties: first, the question of how a recognized privacy norm which no longer exists can be embedded in a technological...
Spatial proximity is credited with numerous virtues in the economic literature. In particular, for a company to be located near other companies is seen as conducive to the development of business relations. Spatial proximity is also considered to contribute to the quality and efficiency of these relations by facilitating face-to-face meetings that...
From the network economy to networked services
The digital revolution has profoundly reshaped not only the architecture of networks, but also the economic activities and uses developed within these networks. It has also changed the research topics and framework for networks and networked services. This article describes this paradigm change from a...
The role of territories in the development of local trans-sectoral system of innovation: the case of smart cities
This paper focuses on the emergence of smart cities and on the coordination problems of service innovation in this sector. Through a review of the literature on Smart Cities, the paper confronts the various visions of the smart cities c...
El libro aporta distintas perspectivas sobre la transferencia internacional de conocimientos y los intercambios intelectuales así como sobre las movilidades científicas y estudiantiles, con foco principal en la circulación de saberes y personas entre América Latina y Europa.
The question of the relationship between the spread of communication tools and the physical mobility of individuals is not new and arose with the arrival of the fixed telephone and, more recently, the development of the Internet and especially e-commerce. The extraordinary spread of individual, especially portable, communication tools like the mobi...
This article describes a variety of combinations with regard to proximities (spatial and non-spatial) in inter-firm relations, and identifies their main determinants. The data employed come from a survey of more than 1,400 small and medium-sized firms in the Brittany region (France), which describe the relationship with their principal partner. Apa...
The regulation of personal data on the relational web: a deadlock?
This paper assesses the efficiency of various forms of protection of personal data adopted since the seventies (government regulation, market regulation, self-regulation) in the prevailing context of massive use of digital social networks (DSN). The authors show that new forms of se...
L’attractivité des pays émergents est souvent réduite en Europe et aux États-Unis au débat sur les transferts d’activités vers ces pays. Ce débat sous-estime le phénomène inverse, à savoir la pénétration des marchés des pays développés par des firmes globales issues des pays émergents. Il est intéressant d’analyser comment les délocalisations d’act...
The question of the relationship between the diffusion of communication tools and the physical mobility of individuals is not new and arose with the arrival of the fixed telephone and, more recently, the development of the Internet and especially the e-commerce. The extraordinary diffusion of individual and especially portable communication tools,...
À la différence de la notion d'information, celle de communication n'a pas donné lieu à un corpus théorique en économie. Il n'y a pas à proprement parler une économie de la communication comme il y a une économie de l'information. Cela tient à ce que les interactions sociales n'entraient pas dans le champ de l'analyse économique jusqu'à une date ré...
La question des liens entre la diffusion des outils de communication et la mobilit� physique des individus n'est pas nouvelle et s'est pos�e avec l'arriv�e du t�l�phone fixe, et, plus r�cemment, avec le d�veloppement d'Internet et du commerce en ligne. La spectaculaire diffusion d'outils de communication individuels et surtout portables, comme le t...
In Europe and the United States, the attractiveness of emerging countries is often reduced to the debate on the transfer of economic activities towards these countries. This debate underestimates the opposite phenomenon, namely the penetration of the markets in developed countries by global firms stemming from emerging countries. Here is discussed...
Pourquoi les villes existent-elles ? Pourquoi les acteurs économiques et sociaux cherchent-ils à se rapprocherdes autres agents et des infrastructures urbaines ? La seule recherche de proximité géographique ne peutconstituer une réponse satisfaisante à ces questions. Car il ne suffit pas d'être côte à côte pour communiquer outravailler ensemble, en...
Introduction At the beginning of the 1990s, authors argued that globalization went hand in hand with the “end of geography”, implying the declining relevance of spatial considerations in shaping patterns of industry organization, owing to the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the Internet (O'Brien, 1992). Virtual...
Unlike the notion of information, communication did not give place to a theoretical corpus in economics. Strictly speaking, there is no communication economics as there is for information. Since until recent date, social interactions were not part of economic analysis. Nevertheless, communication was taken into account by two types of problems: the...
Torre A. and Rallet A. (2005) Proximity and localization, Regional Studies39, 47- 59. The objective of this paper is to pave the way for an analysis of the relations between proximity and localization of activities and people, two notions that are often mistaken for one another. Our method consists in exploiting the semantic wealth of the notion of...
THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: A GROUNDLESS RIFT?
The fact that many recent papers and political views concern the concept of a digital divide attests to fears of inequalities generated by the widespread diffusion of ICTs. Yet the digital divide is a relatively vague concept that encompasses a variety of issues and often justifies divergent policies. This pap...
A DIFFERENT TYPE OF INTERNET Towards the advent of multimedia e-commerce
With the rapid growth of access to high-speed Internet in the domestic sphere, the development of on-line multimedia services – both communication services and content – has become an issue. A high level of uncertainty weighs on their take-off. For economic, legal and technolo...
L'objectif de cet article est de proposer une analyse des relations entre proximité et localisation, et plus particulièrement entre besoins de proximité et co-localisation des activités. Deux types de proximité (géographique et organisée) sont définis dans la première section. L'articulation de ces deux types de proximité fournit une grille d'analy...
This introduction focuses on the relation between economics of information and communication technologies (TIC) economics and spatial re-organization of economic activities. In the first time, we show the necessity of decomposition of the ICT sector and the weight of interactions and externalities in a network based economy. In the second time, we...
Reçu le 15 avril 2003 ; reçu en forme révisée le 15 mai 2003 ; accepté le 25 mai 2003 Résumé L'objectif de cette introduction est de présenter la problématique relative aux relations qu'entre-tiennent développement de l'économie du numérique et réorganisation spatiale des activités écono-miques. Dans un premier temps, nous soutenons l'idée qu'il es...
Résumé Quel poids réel ont la nouvelle économie et le commerce électronique dans les économies des pays développés? La plupart des
mesures proposées proviennent de cabinets de conseil dont les chiffres reflètent davantage les représentations (variables)
qu’ils ont de ces phénomènes que la réalité. Au demeurant, ces phénomènes sont mal définis et pa...
What actual weight do new economy and e-commerce have in the economies of developed countries? Most of the measures suggested come from consultant firms and reflect their representations of these phenomea (which vary greatly) more than reality. Moreover, new economy and e-commerce are badly-defined notions and consequently very difficult to measure...
La notion de proximité est de plus en plus utilisée en économie régionale et spatiale dans des travaux d'inspiration théorique variée. Dans une première partie, l'article s'interroge sur les raisons de cette irruption et sur la possibilité d'en avoir un usage théorique. La notion de proximité permet d'échapper à la traditionnelle réduction de l'esp...
Chapitre : Des développements théoriques des dynamiques spatiales
The present article is an attempt to analyse the geographical agglomeration of corporate research and development activities through the use of a desegregated sectorial approach. By focusing on those interfaces that are critical for the organisation of innovation-related activities, as well as on the degree of complexity of the knowledge base which...
E-COMMERCE OR ELECTRONIZATION OF COMMERCE ?
E-commerce is an ill-defined phenomenon and therefore one that is difficult to measure. This article refutes the generally accepted definition which reduces it to on-line ordering. It replaces the concept of e-commerce with that of electronization of commerce, since all business functions and not only on-...
The aim of the article is to study the impact of electronic commerce on the urban organization of commercial activities. Despite of the weak level of the present development of e-commerce, significant transformations are expected. Generally confined to on line sales, electronic commerce is here defined more widely as the process of partial digitali...
Ce numéro de Réseaux paraît à un moment où les perspectives de l'internet et du commerce électronique semblent connaître une profonde réévaluation. La raison n'en est pas seulement l'épiphénomène qu'a constitué la récente crise boursière des valeurs internet. Elle était, après tout, attendue depuis longtemps par de nombreux observateurs du marché....
Quel est le rôle joué par la proximité géographique dans les processus de transfert de technologie et de savoirs ? Constitue-t-elle une condition nécessaire au partage et à la diffusion des connaissances (tout particulièrement tacites) ? Nous montrons, à partir de cas concrets, que son action a été largement surestimée et que la proximité organisat...
Le commerce électronique pose des problèmes économiques et de gestion à la fois bien connus sous certains aspects (dynamiques d’intégration, stratégies de marque) et nouveaux par d’autres (dynamique de constitution des modèles d’affaires dans un contexte de forte croissance, articulation entre économie de la production et économie de la connaissanc...
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND URBAN LOCALIZATION OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
The aim of the article is to study the impact of electronic commerce on the urban organization of commercial activities. Despite of the weak level of the present development of e-commerce, significant transformations are expected. Generally confined to on line sales, electronic com...
Two economics of information co-exist today: the one analyses the lack of information and its consequences on agents' behaviour; the other considers information as a resource that can be sold or accumulated. The author shows how these two conceptions can be linked if the concepts of learning and agents' evolving knowledge are also taken into accoun...
In the analysis of geographical spillovers, a commonly accepted hypothesis is that the different actors of innovation need to be physically closed to one another because the transfer of tacit knowledge implies frequent face-to-face relations. This hypothesis is put under closer examination in this paper. The first section analyses the need for econ...
Exxon Mobil and ConocoPhillips stock price has been predicted using the difference between core and headline CPI in the United States. Linear trends in the CPI difference allow accurate prediction of the prices at a five to ten-year horizon.
This article examines the contribution of the economy of conventions to economic analysis. It is part of current research into economic agents' modes of coordination, based on a critique of standard neoclassical theory. Throughout this research, the main aim of the economy of conventions is to establish a dialectic of the individual and the collect...
La coordination dans le secteur du bâtiment en France repose sur des principes qui génèrent de nombreux dysfonctionnements que les pouvoirs publics et certains acteurs cherchent à éliminer en favorisant l'introduction de modes de coordination plus proches de ceux de l'industrie. L'article s'interroge sur la pertinence et les limites de cette démarc...
When the relationship between the development of corporate telecommunications and competitiveness is considered, a number of terminological ambiguities should first be clarified. Three situations can then be defined and examined, according to whether telecommunications are considered as having a neutral, passive, or active role. The capacities of e...
This article examines the contribution of the economy of conventions to economic analysis. It is part of current research on economic agents' modes of coordination, based on a critique of standard neoclassical theory. Throughout this research, the main aim of conventions economy is to establish an individual and collective dialectic within coordina...
Si l'on envisage les rapports qu'entretiennent l'évolution des télécommunications et celle de la compétitivité dans l'entreprise, il convient tout d'abord de lever un certain nombre d'ambiguïtés terminologiques. Trois situations peuvent ensuite être étudiées, selon que l'on accorde aux télécommunications un rôle neutre, passif ou actif. Le talent d...
The introduction of information systems in firms rather than a determinant factor is both an opportunity and a basis for reorganization. Do new firm configurations emerge? How the relationships with the environment are reshaped? How deep are changes in jobs and in hierarchical relationships? The authors deal first with a survey of the research lite...
Comme les géographes, les économistes, du moins leur espèce régionale, s'intéressent aux effets des nouvelles technologies de télécommunications sur la localisation des activités. Avec cette grande question : peut-on penser que ces nouvelles technologies puissent rendre l'espace plus égalitaire qu'il n'est ?
L'objet de la communication est d'examin...
