Alain Ourry

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• Professor
• Professor (Full) at University of Caen Normandy

Higher plants have to cope with fluctuating mineral resource availability. However, strategies such as stimulation of root growth, increased transporter activities, and nutrient storage and remobilization have been mostly studied for only a few macronutrients. Leaves of cultivated crops (Zea mays, Brassica napus, Pisum sativum, Triticum aestivum, H...

The composition of the ionome is closely linked to a plant’s nutritional status. Under certain deficiencies, cross-talk induces unavoidable accumulation of some nutrients, which upsets the balance and modifies the ionomic composition of plant tissues. Rapeseed plants (Brassica napus L.) grown under controlled conditions were subject to individual n...

The composition of the functional ionome was studied in Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum with respect to the response of 20 elements under macronutrient deprivation. Analysis of relative root contents showed that some nutrients, such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Na, V, and Co, were largely sequestered in roots. After 10 days of deprivation of each one of the...

The specific variation in the functional ionome was studied in Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum plants subjected to micronutrient or beneficial mineral nutrient deprivation. Effects of these deprivations were compared to those of macronutrient deprivation. In order to identify early events, plants were harvested after 22 days, i.e., before any...

While it is generally acknowledged that drought is one of the main abiotic factors affecting plant growth, how mineral nutrition is specifically and negatively affected by water deficit has received very little attention, other than being analyzed as a consequence of reduced growth. Therefore, Brassica napus plants were subjected to a gradual onset...

Pea is a grain legume crop with a high potential to accelerate the food transition due to its high seed protein content and relatively well‐balanced amino acid composition. The critical role of external sulfur (S) supply in determining seed yield and seed quality in pea makes it essential to understand the impact of whole plant S management on the...

Sulfur availability in soils affects both yield and seed quality in major crops, and the plant capacity to tolerate environmental constraints. Under stress combination, plants often show specific responses at the molecular level. To dissect the molecular responses to sulfur deficiency in interaction or not with water deficit, a multi-omics approach...

One of the main limiting factors of plant yield is drought, and while the physiological responses to this environmental stress have been broadly described, research addressing its impact on mineral nutrition is scarce. Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum were subjected to moderate or severe water deficit, and their responses to drought were assess...

Extreme soils often have mineral nutrient imbalances compared to plant nutritional requirements and co‐occur in open areas where grazers thrive. Thus, plants must respond to both constraints, which can affect nutrient concentrations in all plant organs. Gypsum soil provides an excellent model system to study adaptations to extreme soils under curre...

Legume plants, such as peas, are of significant nutritional interest for both humans and animals. However, plant nutrition and thus, seed composition, depends on soil mineral nutrient availability. Understanding the impact of their deprivation on the plant mineral nutrient content, net uptake, and remobilization is of key importance but remains com...

The early and specific diagnosis of a macronutrient deficiency is challenging when seeking to better manage fertilizer inputs in the context of sustainable agriculture. Consequently, this study explored the potential for transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of Brassica napus roots to characterize the effects of six individual macronutrient depri...

The composition of the functional ionome was studied in Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum with respect to the response of 20 elements under macronutrient deprivation. Analysis of relative root contents showed that some nutrients, such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Na, V, and Co, were largely sequestered in roots. After 10 days of deprivation of each one of the...

Including more grain legumes in cropping systems is important for the development of agroecological practices and the diversification of protein sources for human and animal consumption. Grain legume yield and quality is impacted by abiotic stresses resulting from fluctuating availabilities in essential nutrients such as iron deficiency chlorosis (...

A complete understanding of ionome homeostasis requires a thorough investigation of the dynamics of the nutrient networks in plants. This review focuses on the complexity of interactions occurring between S and other nutrients, and these are addressed at the level of the whole plant, the individual tissues, and the cellular compartments. With regar...

Elevated tropospheric ozone concentration (O3) increases oxidative stress in vegetation and threatens the stability of crop production. Current O3 pollution in the United States is estimated to decrease the yields of maize (Zea mays) up to 10%, however, many bioenergy feedstocks including switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) have not been studied for res...

Les bioaérosols (moisissures, mycotoxines, pollens, endotoxines) ainsi que les poussières, contenus dans les fourrages sont susceptibles de provoquer des maladies respiratoires chroniques telles que la Maladie Obstructive Récurrente des Voies Respiratoires (MORVR) chez le cheval. Afin de diminuer la prévalence de ces maladies, il est nécessaire de...

Poster presented at the International Phytobiomes Conference 2018 (4-6 December) in Montpellier, France.

Talk during Session 1 (Exploring Interactions within Phytobiomes) at the International Phytobiomes Conference 2018 (4-6 December) in Montpellier, France.

During the 21st Crucifer Genetics Conference - Brassica 2018 that took place in Saint Malo (France) during the July 1-4 2018, I presented the one of my studies in the "Pathogen and insect resistance, biocontrol, crop protection" session: Ourry et al., Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (2018).

Recent studies are unraveling the impact of microorganisms from the roots and rhizosphere on interactions between plants and herbivorous insects and are gradually changing our perception of the microorganisms' capacity to affect plant defenses, but the reverse effect has seldom been investigated. Our study aimed at determining how plant herbivory i...

Determination of S status is very important to detect S deficiency and prevent losses of yield and seed quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the ([Cl⁻]+[NO3⁻]+[PO4³⁻]):[SO4²⁻] ratio as an indicator of S nutrition under field conditions in Brassica napus and whether this could be applied to other species. Differ...

Human mineral malnutrition or hidden hunger is considered a global challenge, affecting a large proportion of the world’s population. The reduction in the mineral content of edible plant products is frequently found in cultivars bred for higher yields, and is probably increased by intensive agricultural practices. The filling of grain with macro an...

Fluxes through metabolic pathways reflect the integration of genetic and metabolic regulations. While it is attractive to measure all the mRNAs (transcriptome), all the proteins (proteome), and a large number of the metabolites (metabolome) in a given cellular system, linking and integrating this information remains difficult. Measurement of metabo...

Under sulfur (S) deficiency, crosstalk between nutrients induced accumulation of other nutrients , particularly molybdenum (Mo). This disturbed balanced between S and Mo could provide a way to detect S deficiency and therefore avoid losses in yield and seed quality in cultivated species. Under hydroponic conditions, S deprivation was applied to Bra...

Principal component analysis of mineral contents (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, B and Na) in old leaves of 45 commercial oilseed rape crops. Correlation circles on the factorial planes (A) and (B) projection of the commercial crops (numbers refer to fields/crops given in Fig 6 and SD2). S deficient in red, at risk of S deficiency in orang...

Location of 45 commercial crops in France. Location of 45 commercial crops in Francewith crops classified into three S status groups: S deficient in red, at risk of S deficiency in orange and S sufficient in green. Map of France from Institut Géographique National (IGN, 2016, free of copyrights). (TIF)

Growth conditions used for multispecies experiment. (DOCX)

Composition of the two nutrient solutions used for control and S deprivation during the treatment period of B. napus and Z. mays. Nutrient concentrations are expressed in mM. (PPTX)

S and Mo contents and [Mo]:[S] ratio in young leaves grown under field conditions. (A, B, C) S content (mg g-1 DW), (D, E, F) Mo content (μg g-1 DW) and (G, H, I) the [Mo]:[S] 104 ratio (to simplify reading the [Mo]:[S] ratio is presented with a multiplier factor of 104) in young leaves of B. napus grown under field conditions after (A, D, G) 15 an...

In order to cope with variable mineral nutrient availability, higher plants have developed numerous strategies including the remobilization of nutrients from source to sink tissues. However, such processes remain relatively unknown for magnesium (Mg), which is the third most important cation in plant tissues. Using Mg depletion of Brassica napus, w...

To investigate the varietal difference in sulfur use efficiency (SUE) and drought stress tolerance, Brassica napus ‘Mosa’ and ‘Saturnin’ were exposed to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress for 72 h. Direct quantification of S uptake, de novo synthesis of amino acids and proteins was performed by tracing ³⁴S. The responses of photosynth...

Identification of early sulphur (S) deficiency indicators is important for species such as Brassica napus, an S-demanding crop in which yield and the nutritional quality of seeds are negatively affected by S deficiency. Because S is mostly stored as SO4 (2-) in leaf cell vacuoles and can be mobilized during S deficiency, this study investigated the...

To investigate the regulatory interactions between S assimilation and N metabolism in Brassica napus, de novo synthesis of amino acids and proteins was quantified by 15N and 34S tracing, and the responses of transporter genes, assimilatory enzymes and metabolites pool involving in nitrate and sulfate metabolism were assessed under continuous sulfur...

The importance of zinc (Zn) has been of little concern in human nutrition despite a strong decrease of this element in crops since the rise of high yielding varieties. For better food quality, Zn biofortification can be used, but will be optimal only if mechanisms governing Zn management are better known. Using Zn deficiency, we are able to demonst...

During the last 40 years, crop breeding has strongly increased yields but has had adverse effects on the content of micronutrients, such as Fe, Mg, Zn and Cu, in edible products despite their sufficient supply in most soils. This suggests that micronutrient remobilization to edible tissues has been negatively selected. As a consequence, the aim of...

Sulfur (S) deficiency effects on nitrogen (N) and S fluxes during vegetative growth of Brassica napus was investigated by tracing 15N and 34S for 9 d of S-sufficient [1.5 mM sulfate (SO42-)] and S-deficient (0.05 mM SO42-) condition. A significant decrease in leaf osmotic potential and chlorophyll content was apparent after 9 d of S-deficiency. Sul...

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a crop with a complex aerial architecture that can cause self-shading leading to a vertical light gradient over the foliage. Mutual shading between neighboring plants at a high sowing density also results in an alteration of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorption by lower leaves. The aim of this stu...

The main aim of this communication is to discuss the current knowledge about the potential direct mechanisms that are involved in the beneficial action of humic substances on plant development. To this end, we present and discuss here recent results obtained in our laboratory, along with other findings published by other authors. Finally, we propos...

Sulphur (S) is one of the six main macroelements required to sustain the growth of plants. Sources include soil, fertilizer and atmospheric deposition, which has been reduced by 85% over the last three decades. Risks of S deficiencies are now recognized in high S-demanding species such as Brassica napus L. With the aims of evaluating the risk of ex...

Different strategies, known as crop biofortification, can be used to increase micronutrient concentrations in harvested parts to reduce nutrient deficiencies in the human diet. Apart from fertilization and genetic selection, a more environmentally friendly, less expensive, and more immediate solution could rely on the use of biostimulants derived f...

Despite its high capacity to take up nitrate from soil, winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) is characterized by a low N recovery in seeds. Thus, to maintain yield, rapeseed requires a high fertilization rate. Increasing nutrient use efficiency in rapeseed by addition of a biostimulant could help improve its agroenvironmental balance. The effects of ma...

Supplementary Table 1 List of the differentially expressed genes in shoots and roots of rapeseed after 3 days of AZAL5 supply to the roots

Supplementary Table 2 List of the differentially expressed genes in shoots and roots of rapeseed after 30 days of AZAL5 supply to the roots

The main aim of this communication is to discuss the current knowledge about the potential direct mechanisms that are involved in the beneficial action of humic substances on plant development. To this end, we present and discuss here recent results obtained in our laboratory, along with other findings published by other authors. Finally, we propos...

Winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) is characterized by a low N recovery in seeds and requires high rates of fertilization to maintain yield. Its nutrient use efficiency could be improved by addition of a biostimulant such as humic acids whose physiological effects have been described previously in some plant species. However, to our knowledge, no stu...

List of the differentially expressed genes in shoots and roots of rapeseed after 3 days of HA7 supply to the roots.

List of the differentially expressed genes in shoots and roots of rapeseed after 30 days of HA7 supply to the roots.

a b s t r a c t The lipophilic 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), known for its nitrification inhibition properties, was derivatized thanks to direct glycosylation reactions. Similar transformations were also performed starting from 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), structurally close to MBT. The resulting S-linked mono-or disaccharides derived from D-glu...

Sink strength for S as a major parameter to model vegetative growth in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) under contrasting sulfur (S) supplies

Fig. 1: Evolution of the relative allocation of (a) biomass and (b) Q N (rQ N) for the each organ (in % of total biomass and Q Ntot respectively) i.e. fallen leaves, pods, flowers, leaves, stem, secondary roots and taproot for control, SS and DS plants (n=4). Bonferroni's comparison procedure (=0.05). Lower case letters indicate rankings between tr...

N-fertilizer use efficiencies are affected by their chemical composition and suffer from potential N-losses by volatilization. In a field lysimeter experiment, 15N-labelled fertilizers were used to follow N uptake by Brassica napus L. and assess N-losses by volatilization. Use of urea with NBPT (urease inhibitor) showed the best efficiency with the...

Oilseed rape is sensitive to sulphur (S) limitation and is confronted to permanent changes of S availability, resulting from soil activity and S fertilization regimes, which may affect N and S uptake, storage and remobilization. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the influence of initial S status and mineral S availability on i) biomass p...

To characterize the mechanisms of amino acid accumulation under sulphur (S)-deficiency and its physiological significance in Brassica napus, stable isotopes (15) N and (34) S were employed. The plants were exposed for 9 days to S-deficient conditions (0.05 mM vs 1.5 mM sulphate). After 9 days of S-deficiency, leaf-osmotic potential and total chloro...

Improving the hygienic quality of forages for horse nutrition seems to be a reasonable target for decreasing the prevalence of pulmonary diseases. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of different agricultural practices on the main aero-allergens contained in forages, including breathable dust, fungi, mycotoxins and pollens. Results s...

To investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices on antioxidative activity and lignification under drought-stressed (DS) conditions, the enzyme activities, growth, lignin contents and some stress symptomatic parameters as affected by drought treatment were compared in AM colonized or non-colonized (non-AM) perenn...

Background and aims Urea is the major nitrogen (N) form supplied as fertilizer in agriculture. However, urease, a nickel-dependent enzyme, allows plants to use external or internally generated urea as a nitrogen source. Since a urease inhibitor is frequently applied in conjunction with urea fertilizer, the N-metabolism of plants may be affected. Th...

Dust, moulds, pollen and endotoxins occurring in forage are considered to be among the main etiological agents of equine pulmonary disease. An experiment based on forage harvested from permanent grassland in Lower Normandy showed that certain cultivation practices (baling hay with 75 % dry matter content) or even rain after cutting increase the amo...

Oilseed rape is a crop with a complex aerial architecture which is determinant for the absorption of the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). This study aims to (i) describe the architectural modifications of shoot triggered by shading and (ii) analyze the impacts on biomass production and Nitrogen (N) fluxes and allocation patterns. Two shad...

Winter oilseed rape is sensitive to S limitation, however few studies have clearly assessed the impact of initial S reserves on the remobilization of leaf N-S compounds and senescence dynamics within the leaves in S limited plants. As a consequence, the impacts of high or low initial S reserves on these parameters, further cross-combined with eithe...

In perennial forage legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), vegetative storage proteins are extensively mobilized to meet the nitrogen requirements of new shoot growth in spring or after cutting in summer. The 32-kDa alfalfa storage protein possesses high homology with class III chitinases, belonging to...

Les poussières, moisissures, pollens et endotoxines présents dans les fourrages sont suspectés d'être les principaux agents étiologiques desmaladies pulmonaires équines. L'étude ici présentée ouvre des perspectives pour améliorer la qualité sanitaire des foins distribués aux équins et ainsi réduire la prévalence de ces maladies. Une expérimentation...

In order to optimize nitrogen (N) fertilization and to reduce the environmental impact of oilseed rape without decreasing yield, a clearer understanding of N dynamics inside the plant is crucial. The present investigation therefore aimed to study the effects of different N-application rates on the dynamics of N uptake, partitioning, and remobilizat...

Abstract Pulmonary diseases such as recurrent airway obstruction have become a major concern in the horse industry. Airborne dust, including aeroallergens from forages, is suspected to be the main factor in its aetiology. Hypothesizing that grassland flora could affect hay hygienic quality, and therefore have implications for the respiratory health...

Because it has a high demand for sulphur (S), oilseed rape is particularly sensitive to S limitation. However, the physiological effects of S limitation remain unclear, especially during the rosette stage. For this reason a study was conducted to determine the effects of mineral S limitation on nitrogen (N) and S uptake and remobilization during ve...

It is now widely recognized that an environmental approach to the prevention of equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO), resulting from recurrent exposure to dust and aeroallergens, requires closer consideration. The aims of this study were to quantify the dust and aeroallergens in hays in order to characterize the health quality of hay, to ident...

The objective of this study was to determine the development of the antioxidant enzymes induced by drought stress in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) leaves. Water stress was imposed during 28 d by decreasing the daily irrigation. Leaf water potential (Φw) gradually decreased from −0.46 to −2.33 MPa. For the first 7 d, dry mass (DM), H2O2 and lip...

The impact of sulphur limitation on the remobilization of endogenous S compounds during the rosette stage of oilseed rape, and the interactions with N availability on these processes, were examined using a long-term 34SO42− labelling method combined with a study of leaf senescence progression (using SAG12/Cab as a molecular indicator) and gene expr...

Our goal was to identify the leaf proteomic changes which appeared during N remobilisation that were associated or not associated with senescence of oilseed rape in response to contrasting nitrate availability. Remobilisation of N and leaf senescence status were followed using (15)N tracing, patterns of chlorophyll level, total protein content and...

Sulphur (S) deficiency is recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many regions in the world. In grasslands, S availability has been shown to alter the biomass production of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne and their specific interactions. To establish the role of N and S availabilities on the competitive interaction for these mine...

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological significance of increased proline loading to phloem caused by water-deficit stress in relation to nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation. N uptake and N assimilation were quantified by 15N tracing in well-watered (control) and water deficit-stressed white clover (Trifolium repens). De novo pr...

The temporal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen isotope values of co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture areas (Normandy, France) were investigated over two years to evaluate the inter-specific trophic partitioning and relative contributions of organic matter sources to benthic suspension-feeders' diet. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), m...

Sulphur (S) depletion of grassland soils has occurred in Europe for many decades. This is known to promote a decrease in ecosystem productivity and is suspected to alter plant community structure. Considering the strong links between nitrogen (N) and S metabolism in plants, these effects should depend on N availability. We tested this hypothesis in...