Alain Dupuy

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• PhD, HDR, Prof. Hydrogeology
• Program Director at Geological and Mining Research Bureau

Small topographic depressions offer insight into past and present groundwater recharge processes. The Landes Triangle (SW France) is dotted with over 2,400 such depressions, whose origins and hydrogeological implications remain unclear. This paper aims to disentangle their origin, with emphasis on the Villagrains‐Landiras anticline sector: a key re...

According to the IPCC reports, the effects of climate change are well present from several decades ago, and it is expected to become even more pronounced during the remainder of the twenty-first century. The river basin system is defined as a complex of interaction between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The interface between these ecosystems r...

La Garonne est un fleuve sinueux, encaissé dans une large vallée, plus grande plaine alluviale occupée et cultivée de France. Elle transporte essentiellement une charge de fond grossière, jusqu'à la zone d'influence des marées en aval, à partir de laquelle la charge, la dynamique et la géomorphologie changent fortement. La vallée de la Garonne est...

La Garonne est un fleuve sinueux, encaissé dans une large vallée, plus grande plaine alluviale occupée et cultivée de France. Elle transporte essentiellement une charge de fond grossière, jusqu’à la zone d’influence des marées en aval, à partir de laquelle la charge, la dynamique et la géomorphologie changent fortement. La vallée de la Garonne est...

The Garonne River is the primary river in the southwest part of France. The Quaternary alluvial aquifer along this River may represent a substantial water resource, especially for agricultural activities well-developed in the Garonne Valley. However, this shallow aquifer hosts numerous irrigation wells reducing the baseflow during the intensive pum...

This paper presents a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a low-power capacity Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) system supplying a building on Bordeaux INP's university campus, powered by the French low-carbon electricity mix. It compares environmental impacts with alternative thermal energy supply solutions, analyzing various scenarios including d...

The parameterization of spatially distributed hydraulic properties is one of the most crucial steps in groundwater modeling. A common approach is to estimate hydraulic properties at a set of pilot points and interpolate the values at each model cell. Despite the popularity of this method, several questions remain about the optimum number and distri...

The complex and interconnected water challenges linked to global climate change and natural and anthropogenic water resources pressure have become major challenges in the 21st century. The Garonne River and its accompanying alluvial aquifers are considered the most important source for agricultural activities in the Garonne Valley, Nouvelle-Aquitai...

Dans le chapitre 2, "L'ingénierie écologique au service d'un projet controversé de production d'eau potable", Alain Dupuy et Aude Vincent se posent la question suivante : lorsque l'extraction des eaux souterraines est inévitable pour alimenter la métropole, quels types d'action s pourraient éviter à la fois l'inquiétude sociétale et les possibles i...

In this study, high resolution ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and spectral‐induced polarization tomography (SIPT) were used to (i) delineate characteristic solifluction features, (ii) map the ice distribution, and (iii) assess subsurface water content and permeability in the surrounding rampart of a thermok...

The Garonne river is the third longest river in France and the most important one for the southwest part of the country. Its hydrology is influenced by the Mediterranean and oceanic climate and the snow melt. The surrounding Quaternary alluvial aquifer is considered as a large regional reservoir and an important source for the agricultural ac vi es...

The water supply in drylands mainly relies on groundwater, making it a crucial resource. Springs in southern Africa are often underutilized, and are neither protected nor monitored. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate their quality in a sample area in northwestern Namibia and to propose solutions for the sustainable use of springs. In total...

Les plans d’eau sont des écosystèmes complexes, multifonctionnels et, en même temps, fragiles. Ces milieux aquatiques fournissent de nombreux services écosystémiques, en assurant des fonctions de support (production primaire, biodiversité), de régulation (épuration des nutriments, régulation des flux hydriques), d’approvisionnement (eau potable, ir...

Geological deformations like anticlines have a prominent role in aquifer system functioning. Structural deformations control erosion patterns, areas of nondeposition, lateral facies variations and thickness variations. The nature and geometry of geological bodies have a major impact on the aquifers and interconnections between them. To characterize...

Groundwater is the main resource for irrigation and drinking supply in most parts of Syria, as for most Mediterranean countries, however this resource suffers from mismanagement. In the study area (northeast of Mt. Hermon), the lack of information makes water management in this area extremely difficult. Assessing groundwater pollution risk is the m...

Health issues related to aquifer contamination with perchlorate are a growing concern in drinking water management. This study describes perchlorate transport and degradation processes from a contaminated stream toward drinking water pumping wells. Investigations are based on laboratory experiments and field measurements conducted at a well field n...

As for most Mediterranean countries, groundwater is the main resource for irrigation and drinking supply in most parts of Syria, however this resource suffers from mismanagement. In the study area (Northeast of Mt. Hermon), the lack of information makes water management in this area extremely difficult. Assessing groundwater pollution risk is the m...

Numerous circular depressions have been observed in the Saint-Magne area of South Gironde, France. To understand if the formation of the depressions is linked to hydrogen generation as noted elsewhere, surface gas measurements were made in the vicinities of these depressions by drilling a 12 mm-diameter hole to 1 m depth and inserting a thin perfor...

The exploitation of natural resources often leads to negative ecological and/or social impacts, and thus such projects meet more and more opposition. Many scientific arguments are mobilized, but not necessarily well understood. This is particularly true concerning the extraction of water from a deep aquifer, as groundwater is inherently difficult t...

The contamination of groundwater resources is a challenge for drinking water supplies. To meet water quality standards, well-field operators need practical solutions to reduce the vulnerability of production wells. Strategies for several combinations of management variables such as well flow rate or water level in drains, are usually possible to sa...

#AGU18 , session H32D "Groundwater Sustainability Studies: Integrating Monitoring, Modeling, and Policy I" Extracting water from a deep aquifer can have negative impacts on the phreatic aquifer and on surface systems, in the present, and even more in the future with climate change conditions. When exploitation of such deep aquifers are unavoidable...

Specific yield and groundwater recharge of unconfined aquifers are both essential parameters for groundwater modeling and sustainable groundwater development, yet the collection of reliable estimates of these parameters remains challenging. Here, a joint approach combining an aquifer test with application of the water-table fluctuation (WTF) method...

The inverse problem of groundwater models is often ill-posed and model parameters are likely to be poorly constrained. Identifiability is improved if diverse data types are used for parameter estimation. However, some models, including detailed solute transport models, are further limited by prohibitive computation times. This often precludes the u...

Despite their potential, very deep geothermal systems in sedimentary basins remain less exploited than shallow geothermal energy. The uncertain effectiveness and profitability of such deep geothermal systems discourage their use. The potential of heat production and the impact of exploitation of resources must be appreciated with regard to local ph...

Characterizing the interactions between streams and aquifers is a major challenge in hydrology. Electrical self-potential (SP) is sensitive to groundwater flow through the electrokinetic effect, which is proportional to Darcy velocity. SP surveys have been extensively used for the characterization of seepage flow in a variety of contexts. But to ou...

Most groundwater models simulate stream-aquifer interactions with a head-dependent flux boundary condition based on a river conductance (CRIV). CRIV is usually calibrated with other parameters by history matching. However, the inverse problem of groundwater models is often ill-posed and individual model parameters are likely to be poorly constraine...

Numerical models are now commonly used to define guidelines for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. Despite significant advances in inverse modeling and uncertainty analysis, most of groundwater management models are still calibrated by manual trial and error and disregard predictive uncertainty. There is a gap between recent advan...

The upper part of Awaj River catchment occupies the southwestern part of Barada and Awaj Basin. In this arid region, groundwater is considered to be a main source of water supply for both drinking and irrigation purposes. In order to assess the main features characterizing the hydrogeological system in this area and estimate its groundwater resourc...

The upper part of Awaj River catchment occupies the southwestern part of Barada and Awaj Basin. In this arid region, groundwater is considered to be a main source of water supply for both drinking and irrigation purposes. In order to assess the main features characterizing the hydrogeological system in this area and estimate its groundwater resourc...

A numerical groundwater model of the weathered crystalline aquifer of Ursuya (a major water source for the north-western Pyrenees region, south-western France) has been computed based on monitoring of hydrological, hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters over 3 years. The equivalent porous media model was used to simulate groundwater flow in the...

Earth heat exchangers are drawing increasing attention and popularity due to their efficiency, sustainability and universality. In addition, DBHE can offer higher temperatures and more return on investment than conventional system. DBHE is also an alternative to geothermal power generation or to direct use applications in an extreme engineered (or...

The development of geothermal energy generation is closely linked to thermal and hydrogeological knowledge of the subsurface aquifers. Numerical modeling here appears as a tool to delineate development risks induced by limited geological data. Thus, the technical feasibility of an open-loop well-doublet scheme inside a deep fault corridor is test...

Earth heat exchangers are drawing increasing attention and popularity due to their efficiency, sustainability and universality. Compared to shallow geothermal energy, these systems operate at greater depths, which could offer higher temperatures and more return of investment, despite greater investment costs. However, the functioning and numerical...

This article deals with a limited data in the multi-layered aquifers system of Mt. However (Syria), in this complex region it is quite difficult to get reliable results. These difficulties are well expressed and explained in the paper.

In developing countries such as Syria, the lack of hydrological data affects groundwater resource assessment. Groundwater models provide the means to fill the gaps in the available data in order to improve the understanding of groundwater systems. The study area can be considered as the main recharge area of the eastern side of Barada and Awaj basi...

Les aquifères fracturés constituent un enjeu majeur de l’hydrogéologie actuelle. Le massif de l’Ursuya (France, 64) en est une illustration. Constitué de formations métamorphiques fracturées, il est intensément exploité pour l’alimentation en eau potable du nord du Pays Basque. Une approche multidisciplinaire a permis d'accéder à la compréhension d...

The Barada and Awaj basin is the most important and extensively used water basin in Syria. Chemical and isotopic data of groundwater have been used to determine the spatial distribution of hydrogeological features in the upper part of Awaj River catchment area located southwest of this basin. Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater reveals the do...

In developed and highly energy-consuming countries, in the absence of positive geothermal anomaly related to volcanism activity, the crust’s heat potential remains enormous and may, in principle, easily cover to-day’s demands for centuries. This heat may be mined for direct heating or even for energy conversion purposes, but the potential is largel...

The definition of the sustainable yield (SY) of a groundwater system consists in adjusting pumping rates so as to avoid groundwater depletion and preserve environmental flows. Once stakeholders have defined which impacts can be considered as " acceptable " for both environmental and societal aspects, hydrogeologists use groundwater models to estima...

Most groundwater models consider a river network in interaction with aquifers, where the stream-aquifer boundary is usually modeled with a Cauchy-type boundary condition. This condition is parameterized with the so-called " river coefficient " , which is a lumped parameter representing the effects of numerous geometric and hydrodynamic controlling...

The majors ions and isotope technique has been used to interpret the hydrogeological features characterizing the groundwater flow system in Mogher Al Mer aquifers area in the southwest of Syria.

The hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Mogher Al Mer area, located in southwestern Syria, has been used as a tool to identify and assess the hydrogeological systems and associated conditions. In this arid region of Syria, groundwater is considered as the main source of water supply for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The detailed descrip...

The metamorphic massif of Ursuya (French Basque Country) is a strategic aquifer for the water supply of southwestern France. A multidisciplinary approach, conducted between 2009 and 2013, has led to understanding of the behaviour of this system made of discontinuous media. Isotopic and geochemical characteristics of rainwater were studied together...

A borehole is developed in a shallow multi-layered aquifer and used to derive the porosity, specific storage and hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard. Local values of hydrodynamical parameters are estimated from petrophysical analysis of core samples, and the empirical relationship between porosity and permeability. Vertical diffusivity is determ...

The Northern Basque Country (Southwestern France) is subject to a constant need of increasing water due to a rising population. The fissured aquifer of the Ursuya Mount is one of the main water supplies able to meet these needs. Unfortunately, there is a lack of knowledge on the residence time of groundwater and flow pattern in this strategic resou...

The fissured aquifer of the Ursuya Mount is one of the main water supplies able to meet the water needs in the Northern Basque Country (Southwestern France). Unfortunately, there is a lack of knowledge about its flowpaths conditions and exploitable volume. Spatial variability in hydraulic conductivity and hence groundwater flow rate is a fundamenta...

The characterisation of aquitards is obligatory to quantify the amount of leakage contributing to the recharge of aquifers in a multilayered system. This characterisation involves determining their hydrogeological heterogeneity. In the area of Bordeaux (south west France), the heterogeneity of the aquitards was studied at two different scales. The...

The Northern Basque Country (Southwestern France) is subject to strong water needs in constant increase because of a rising population. The gneissic aquifer of the Ursuya Mount is one of the main water supplies able to meet these needs. Nowadays, four towns are using groundwater of this fractured rock aquifer through 5 boreholes and 101 springs. In...

In the sedimentary Nord Aquitaine Basin (south-west of France), the Eocene aquifer, mostly confined, is one of the main resources for irrigation, thermo-mineral water, and moreover for drinking water in the Bordeaux region. In this aquifer, a large saline area has been identified, where the groundwaters show high values of mineralization and anomal...

The Northern Basque Country (Southwestern France) is subject to strong water needs in constant increase because of a rising population. Located 25 km from the Atlantic coast, the shallow aquifer of the Ursuya Mount (680 m ASL) is one of the main water supplies able to meet water needs. Unfortunately, this strategic resource suffers from a lack of k...

A new method to calculate the transport of dissolved species in aquifers is presented. This approach is an extension of the stream tubes which are used for flow computation. The flux tubes defined here are conservative for solutes, but not for water mass. The flux tubes are first defined in a general domain and then calculated in a two-dimensional...

Stable isotopes of the water molecule and tritium in conjunction with geochemistry have been used to understand the groundwater flow pattern and origin within the gneissic aquifer of the Ursuya Mount. This aquifer constitutes one of the main water supplies of the Northern Basque Country and improved knowledge about the water recharge, origin, quali...

Groundwater quality sustainability In the south-west of France, the Eocene aquifer is one of the main resources for irrigation, thermo-mineral water, and mainly for drinking water in the Bordeaux region. This aquifer is characterized by the presence of a large mineralized area, centered on the Entre-deux-Mers region, between the Garonne and the Dor...

For contaminant plumes in hydraulically stratified aquifers, identifying depths of preferential groundwater flow is essential because this is where the actual transport takes place and therefore might be where dedicated monitoring should be done. We present here a method (adapted from the single borehole dilution tracer test) in which a volume of t...

This paper presents a new approach to compare simulations from reactive transport models. We show that where several compounds follow a reaction chain and can be degraded under different redox conditions, two models with significantly different parameters can lead to similar species distributions. The studied case is the aquifer contamination at Do...

Although there are many numerical applications used in aquifer management, few methodologies seem to be sufficiently adapted to provide solutions for regional-scale problems. Their applications for multilayered aquifers are also too limited. A new groundwater management tool adapted to such large physical systems has been developed, using the unit...

Aquifères et eaux souterraines en France, première synthèse des connaissances jamais réalisée sur les eaux souterraines de la France métropolitaine et des départements et territoires d'outre-Mer, constitue un événement dans l'histoire de l'hydrogéologie française. Cet ouvrage de référence, en deux tomes, rédigé par près de 80 spécialistes de l'hydr...

In this paper the evolution of the groundwater chemical composition in aquifers from large sedimentary basins over geological timescale is investigated. The solutes upon which we focus are sulfate, chloride, and sodium because they often display concentration gradients at the regional scale and they are largely undersaturated with respect to any mi...

Near Bordeaux (France), the Oligocene aquifer is a potential target for drinking water supply. A high-resolution seismic campaign and several exploration wells helped to clarify the geometry of this formation and, as a consequence, the Medoc Tertiary aquifers. The major information extracted from these new data is the existence of a soft deformatio...

Chelating agents such as EDTA, when present in water percolating through polluted soils, are capable of solubilizing heavy metals, increasing their downward mobility to groundwater as they form water-soluble and negatively charged complexes. The mobilization and movement of heavy metals in an EDTA flux is investigated with both laboratory experimen...

Au cours des dernieres decennies, la hausse de la productivite agricole s'est accompagnee d'une forte augmentation des fertilisations azotees qui a entraine l'augmentation des concentrations en nitrates dans les eaux souterraines. Recemment, les etudes sur la gestion des pollutions diffuses agricoles ont integre l'echelle du bassin versant hydrolog...

In agricultural regions, groundwater contamination by nitrogen compounds originating from fertilizers is one of the most significant environmental problems. Along with in situ monitoring, simulation models have been developed for non point pollution (nitrates, pesticides) in order to evaluate both the level and the extent of the contamination. Simu...

Pesticides and nitrates represent the main sources of aquifer contamination in agricultural zones. In many regions, nitrate concentration levels reach and exceed the water quality criteria (50 mg NO3/L). The increasing use of mineral fertilizers (which has doubled during the 20 last years) and the intensive exploitation of the aquifers for crop irr...

In this context, the most difficult phenomena to model is the "preference" of bacteria for one compound instead of another. One example is toluene compared to benzene, both compounds have similar forming Gibbs free energy but benzene, contrary to toluene, is scarcely degraded under anaerobic conditions. To take this process into account one must us...

SUMMARY Pesticides and nitrates represent the main sources of aquifer contamination in agricultural zones. In many régions, nitrate concentration levels reach and exceed the water quality criteria (50 mg NO3/L). The increasing use of minerai fertilizers (which has doubled during the 20 last years) and the intensive exploitation of the aquifers for...