Akil Ahmad

Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University · Department of Chemistry (Al-Kharj)

From the last few years, the use of biochar in soil remediation has become an attractive area for research. Through sequestering carbon and improving soil quality and crop yields, biochar—a substance produced from pyrolyzing organic waste materials—has the potential to mitigate climate change. The long-term effects of biochar on soil health and the...

This work aims to present the synthesis of coumarin 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) hybrid molecules with cytotoxic attributes through a triflic acid (trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, TfOH) catalyzed reaction involving 3- aminocoumarin, aromatic aldehydes and dimedone in refluxing ethanol. All the derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields...

The current research work highlighted the bio-fabrication of tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) by employing Phyllanthus emblica leaf extract. These investigations concentrated on the physiochemical characteristics of the developed material and examined their effectiveness as photocatalysts and antibacterial agents. The structural characteristics o...

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are recognized for their effectiveness in both wastewater treatment and the generation of electricity from organic substrates. However, when considering the use of MFC, it is important to take note of some factors that might affect the efficiency and performance of MFC. One of the challenges with MFC is the organic substr...

New hybrids of 4-aminothiazolo-2-quinolone-5-carbonitriles were synthesized and assessed for their antiproliferative activity against lung and colon cancer cell lines (A549 and Caco-2, respectively) in addition to normal human cells (WI-38) using MTT assay and sorafenib as reference drug. Five derivatives exhibited high potency and selectivity for...

Due to resource scarcity and habitat damage, fossil fuels—especially oil and gas—are unsustainable. Recently, scientists have investigated biotechnology and microbiology as solutions for carbon-free, renewable, and alternative energy sources. A modern study shows that bacteria degrade inorganic and organic wastewater pollutants. Since they clean wa...

Developing highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for disease biomarker detection has become challenging in healthcare applications. However, advances in material science are opening new avenues for creating more dependable biosensing technologies. In this context, the present work introduces a novel approach by eng...

Nanobiotechnology has ushered in a new era of scientific discovery where the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, have been harnessed for a wide array of applications. This review explores gold nanoparticles' synthesis, properties, and multidisciplinary applications, focusing on their role as biosensors. Gold nanoparticle...

An innovative approach, a microbial fuel cell (MFC), oxidizes organic wastes and substrates to generate electricity and reduce wastewater pollution. In the current day, the scientific community is focused on bringing this technology to a larger scale. Despite all attempts, generating electrons remains a challenge. It shows that the organic substrat...

In this article, a new series of 2-((3,5-disubstituted-2-thioxo-imidazol-1-yl)imino)acenaphthylen-1(2H)-ones were synthesized. Imidazole-2-thione with acenaphthylen-one gave a hybrid scaffold that integrated key structural elements essential for DNA damage via direct DNA intercalation and inhibition of the topoisomerase II enzyme. All the synthesiz...

The essential use of natural materials or microbial biomass for effective dye removal from water, combined with simultaneous antimicrobial activity, is crucial for environmental and biomedical applications. Functionalized oyster shell waste nanoparticles (OY-NPs) were synthesized and utilized for efficient biosorption of Congo red (CR) and bromothy...

The global fossil-based plastic industry is at a crucial point, requiring bio-based polymers. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is formed under nutritional stress conditions; however, efficient bacteria and cheap substrates are needed. This study found that potato peel, a cheap and abundant carbon source, can improve PHB production. PHB crotonic assay scre...

This study highlights the effectiveness of oyster shell biocomposite for the biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution. The aim of this work was to modify a novel biocomposite derived from oyster shell for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The studied revealed the specific surface BET surface area...

To remove the inorganic pollutant along with electricity generation is an ideal electrochemical approach, which is recognized as microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Due to its dual function, this study topic has received a lot of interest lately. It has not been industrialized yet, however, because of a number of issues. Low electron generation and transp...

This study presented a facile synthesis route via the precipitation method for the production of magnetic biochar from oil palm frond (OPF). The physicochemical characteristics including surface, functional, and magnetic properties of the synthesized magnetic biochar revealed that the surface morphology, porosity, and magnetic properties enhanced i...

Contamination of drinking water due to fluoride (F−) is a major concern worldwide. Although fluoride is an essential trace element required for humans, it causes severe human health implications if its levels exceed 1.5 mgL-1 in groundwater. Several treatment technologies have been adopted to remove fluoride and reduce the exposure risk. The presen...

Spiro-heterocycles have received special attention in medicinal chemistry because of their promising biological activity. Over the years, many synthetic methodologies have been established for the construction of spirocyclic compounds. Spiro heterocycles such as spiro-azetidin-2-one, -pyrrolidine, -indol(one) and -pyran derivatives have been found...

The combination of multiple nanomaterials has recently become the focus of materials development. This novel material class is known as nanohybrids. Recently, there has been a focus on the conjugation of two or more nanomaterials in order to achieve increased multifunctionality while also enabling for next generation materials with improved perform...

The benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) is one of the most efficient types of bioelectrochemical fuel cell systems. Modern bioelectrochemical fuel cells have several drawbacks, including an unstable organic substrate and a microorganism-unfriendly atmosphere. The recent literature to encounter such issues is one of the emerging talks. Researchers ar...

The photochemical behavior of the phototoxic antidepressant drug venlafaxine (VLF, 1) was studied under aerobic conditions in UV-A light. Irradiation of a phosphate buffer solution of the drug produces N-Demethylated (2) and O-Demethylated (3) as two major photoproducts. The formation of photoproducts (2) and (3) occurs through a singlet oxygen-med...

Energy generation using microbial fuel cells (MFC) and removing toxic metal ions is a potentially exciting new field of study as it has recently attracted a lot of interest in the scientific community. However, MFC technology is facing several challenges, including electron production and transportation. Therefore, the present work focuses on enhan...

One of the most advanced types of bioelectrochemical systems is the benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs). It can remove metals and other pollutants from wastewater while also generating electricity. Previous studies have shown that BMFCs have a problem producing enough electrons from their organic substrates to electrochemically convert soluble met...

The application of hybrid natural fibres incorporated with bio phenolic composites is significant due to their sustainability and low-cost rates. In this paper, two natural fibres composites were prepared using a hand lay-up technique. The thermal stability, dynamic-mechanical, and thermo-mechanical characterisations of kenaf fibre (KF)/Washingtoni...

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a method that is both effective and environmentally friendly for producing renewable electricity. Several studies have shown that one of the major challenges is the generation of electrons as a result of poor exploitation of organic substrates. One of the most talked about issues in modern molecular fusion is the reutil...

The clinical applications of nanotechnology are emerging as widely popular, particularly as a potential treatment approach for infectious diseases. Diseases associated with multiple drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are a global concern of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has incr...

In this article, we display on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of thiazolylpyrimidine 3a-l and thiazolidinylpyrimidine derivatives 5a-e. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by using different spectral techniques including NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy in addition to elemental analyses. The cell viability of the n...

One of the most advanced systems of microbial fuel cells is the benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC). Despite several developments, this strategy still has a number of significant flaws, such as instable organic substrate. Waste material (sugarcane) is used as a substrate in this work to address the organic substrate instability. The process was oper...

Early-stage uric acid (UA) abnormality detection is crucial for a healthy human. With the evolution of nanoscience, metal oxide nanostructure-based sensors have become a potential candi�date for health monitoring due to their low-cost, easy-to-handle, and portability. Herein, we demon�strate the synthesis of puffy balls-like cobalt oxide nanostruc...

With the advancement in 3D bioprinting technology, cell culture methods can design 3D environments which are both, complex and physiologically relevant. The main component in 3D bioprinting, bioink, can be split into various categories depending on the criterion of categorization. Although the choice of bioink and bioprinting process will vary grea...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are thought to be ecologically friendly, despite electron transport and generation challenges. In order to address this, the efficiency of MFCs was investigated using two different anode electrodes made from biomass: graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide-metal oxide (GO-MO) (GO-ZnO). After 18 days of operation, the maxi...

Mangroves provide various ecosystem services, carbon sequestration, biodiversity depository, and livelihoods. They are most abundant in marine and coastal ecosystems and are threatened by toxic contaminants like heavy metals released from various anthropogenic activities. However, they have significant potential to survive in salt-driven environmen...

Variety of heavy metals found their way into the environment as a result of the noxious release of untreated wastewater from industries, causing severe pollution to our natural resources. These hazardous metals, in turn, present new risks to humans. As a result, there is a growing demand for environmentally safe, systematic, and novel methods of re...

Water pollution by anthropogenic activities is a significant ecological problem. Ultrafiltration is a real method for purification of drinking water through treatment of wastewater from various industries, oil fields and refineries. In the context of various contaminants, toxic metals are important, so sophisticated techniques for separating metals...

This book chapter is in the aim to disclose the ways to achieve high electrical conductivity and great mechanical strength for electro-conductive membrane. In beginning part, this chapter tends to discuss about the electrical characteristics of conductive membranes, to understand their essential role in reacting molecules and compounds for achievin...

Polyethersulfone is most extensively utilized material in waste treatment application via membranes technology since it offers high thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties. The world now has problems with drinking water and the present situation seems to be very complex to meet clean water requirements. The treatment of water supplies by clean...

Nanofiltration membrane is one of the essential elements of the nanofiltration process. Nanofiltration is a highly developed membrane separation system for treatment of wastewater. The toxic metallic ion-based pollutants are the most alarming and dangerous environmental issue. The toxic metallic ion-based pollutants treatment is most concerning due...

Due to increasing population and industrial expansion, most of the developing countries are facing drinking water problems and the conditions are very severe from the last few years. Therefore, the demand for new and novel purification and separation techniques of heavy metal ions have become increasingly worldwide. Various separation and purificat...

Enzymeless sensors have been known as highly stable, fast, and reliable devices for several biomolecule detection and early disease diagnosis. Hence, it is crucial to fabricate enzymeless sensors with high...

Hydrazine monitoring for appropriate safety measures is crucial in safeguarding water quality, protecting human health, and the environment. Hydrazine sensing in water, which would prevent hydrazine exposure, has challenges associated...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are central to an emerging and significant approach that converts chemical energy into electrical energy using bacteria that serve as catalysts. Significant achievements in power density have been reported. However, MFCs have not yet been implemented at a commercial scale due to their low energy production. There are sev...

Thiourea derivatives of uracil were efficiently synthesized via the reaction of 5-aminouracil with isothiocyanates. Then, we prepared uracil-containing thiazoles via condensation of thioureas with diethyl/dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylates. The structures of the products were confirmed by a combination of spectral techniques including infra-red (IR),...

This research effort aims to evaluate the hazardous potential of the redox state (OH-) of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and its histopathological and oxidative stress toward Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) validated the nZVI nanoparticles' chemical composition, while transmission electron microsco...

Antimicrobial resistance has posed a serious health concern worldwide, which is mainly due to the excessive use of antibiotics. In this study, gold nanoparticles synthesized from the plant Tinospora cordifolia were used against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The active components involved in the reduction and stabilization of gold nano...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are an emerging type of bioplastics that have the potential to replace petroleum-based plastics. They are biosynthetizable, biodegradable, economically viable and have a range of tunable properties. Despite their great potential, the structure and properties of PHA remain unexplored due to their theoretically infinite c...

Presently, wastewater treatment is a growing and essential topic in water purification. Many factors, such as increasing population, industrialization, urbanization, etc., are majorly responsible for the discharge of different pollutants into the water resources. Previously, many traditional wastewater treatment techniques, such as ion exchange, th...

The use of biosorption as a strategy for lowering the amount of pollution caused by heavy metals is particularly encouraging. In this investigation, a low-cost and efficient biosorbent, Inula Viscosa leaves were used to remove zinc ions (Zn2+) from synthetic wastewater. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiment, a scanning electron micro...

Technology and environmental innovations always have a growing emphasis and have affected various industries. Since the cosmetics industry is highly competitive and consumers always desire innovations in products, the cosmetics industry tends to launch new products to satisfy customer desires without exception. Recently, in the area of cosmeceutica...

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has captured the scientific community's attention in recent years owing to its ability to directly transform organic waste into electricity through electro-chemical processes. Currently, MFC system faces a number of barriers, being one of the most significant the lack of organic substrate to provide enough energ...

The green synthesis method of was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis (green tea). The Camellia sinensis silver nanoparticles (CS-AgNPs) were characterized using different techniques, including UV-Vis (ultra violet-visible), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and XRD (X-ray...

The use of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has gained a lot of attention as a means to combat both energy shortages and water pollution. Despite their best efforts, MFCs are unable to produce substantial amounts of energy or effectively remove pollutants due to a number of difficulties, one of which being the electrode. One of the most significant comp...

Water pollution is rising through contaminated substances that are a source of serious hazardous alarm to living organisms. Due to increasing population density, factories, industries, loss of water reserves, inappropriate disposal of agro-waste and local daily wastes and other factors, a wide range of contaminants are entering the natural ecosyste...

MFCs are developing and noteworthy method that convert chemical energy into electrical energy using bacteria that serve as catalysts. However, MFCs have not yet been applied at a commercial scale due to their low energy production. Due to their sustainability, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been recognized as a viable technology for producing ene...

The present study aims at understanding the effects of fuel preheating on engine characteristics of waste animal fat-oil (WAF-O) biodiesel in a single-cylinder CI engine, with the preheat-ing technique proposed as an effective means for enhancing the fuel properties. To understand the effects of the preheated fuel, the WAF-O biodiesel was preheated...

This article discusses the unique properties and performance of carbon-based molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) for detecting hazardous pollutants in aqueous solutions. Although MIPs have several advantages such as specific recognition sites, selectivity, and stability, they suffer from a series of drawbacks, including loss of conductivity, elec...

In this work, a polypyrrole-polyethyleneimine (PPy-PEI) nano-adsorbent was successfully synthesized for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. Synthetic dyes are among the most prevalent environmental contaminants. A new conducting polymer-based adsorbent called (PPy-PEI) was successfully produced using ammonium persulfate as...

Using stationary electrochemical, polarization resistance, cathodic charging, transient electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy, and theoretical and molecular mechanics studies, epoxy polymer-coated carbon steel specimens' ability to protect metals from corrosion in various soil extracts was examined. According to the results of the polarization re...