Akansha Singh

• Doctorate of Philosophy, Master of Philosophy, Master of Science
• Assistant Professor at Durham University

Tobacco use in India is characterized by a high prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use, with dual use also contributing a noticeable proportion. In the context of such a high burden of tobacco use, this study examines the regional variations, and socioeconomic, demographic and other correlates of smoking, smokeless tobacco and dual use of...

This study assessed the significance of socio-demographic and contextual factors on the number of daily cigarette and bidi smoking in northeast India. This study is based on the data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India (2009-2010). Community asset is measured as the totality of all households' durables and community affinity to smoking as th...

Aim India has been predicted to have the fastest increase in deaths attributable to tobacco in the first 2 decades of the twenty-first century. Consequently, it is imperative to examine the extent of nicotine dependency among adults in India. The main objective of the present article is to characterize nicotine dependency related to smoking and smo...

Background: India has the largest number of under-five deaths globally, and large variations in under-five mortality persist between states and districts. Relationships between under-five mortality and numerous socioeconomic, development and environmental health factors have been explored at the national and state levels, but the possible spatial...

Educational stakeholders are keen to know the magnitude and importance of different interventions. However, the way evidence is communicated to support understanding of the effectiveness of an intervention is controversial. Typically studies in education have used the standardised mean difference as a measure of the impact of interventions. This me...

High premature adult deaths in developing countries are gaining attention, as recent studies show their increasing impact on overall mortality rates. This paper has twofold objectives: firstly, it investigates the long-term trends and patterns of adult mortality between 1970 and 2018 in India. Secondly, it attempts to detect age, period, and cohort...

India’s informal sector employs many workers without social security benefits, such as pension support and health insurance. Many older workers continue to work in this sector beyond the retirement age (60 + years) due to financial and health needs. Given the vulnerable position of informal older workers in terms of their social and economic statur...

Introduction Mortality is the first key component among three demographic processes – that is, mortality, fertility, and migration – that contribute to the population change of a country. The worldwide decline in death rates recorded in the 1960s is labelled as ‘mortality transition’ by demographers to signify the path from high and fluctuating mor...

This work on power calculation in educational trials was carried out as a collaborative project between Durham University and Sheffield Hallam University. Within Durham University, researchers from the School of Education, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Department of Anthropology, School of Government and International Affairs as well as the...

A large proportion of the older population in India constitutes an undeniable share of workforce after the retirement age. This stresses the need to understand the implications of working at older ages on health outcomes. The main objective of this study is to examine the variations in health outcomes by formal/informal sector of employment of olde...

This paper has twofold objectives-first, to investigate the long-term trends and patterns of adult mortality between 1970 and 2018 in India. Second, to estimate age, period and cohort effects on adult mortality to understand its slow decline over time. Age-specific mortality rates and disease-adjusted life years (15-19 to 55-59 age groups) were col...

A large proportion of the older population in India constitutes an undeniable share of workforce after the retirement age. This stresses the need to understand the implications of working at older ages on health outcomes. The main objective of this study is to examine the variations in health outcomes by formal/informal sector of employment of olde...

Citation: Marzo, R.R.; Khanal, P.; Ahmad, A.; Rathore, F.A.; Chauhan, S.; Singh, A.; Shrestha, S.; AlRifai, A.; Lotfizadeh, M.; Younus, D.A.; et al.

Meta‐analysis is the synthesis of findings from research projects, which enables an estimate of the average or pooled effect across various studies. This study presents findings from the intention to treat analysis for a series of educational evaluations in England using a two‐stage meta‐analysis with standardised outcome data and individual partic...

There has been a drastic decline in the child sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males between ages 0 and 4) in India and many of its states. This study aimed to examine if prenatal factors, such as change in sex ratio at birth, or postnatal factors, such as change in relative mortality of females and males, contribute to this more by analysing...

The COVID-19 pandemics caused an unprecedented mortality, distress, and globally poses a challenge to mental resilience. To our knowledge, this is the first study that aimed to investigate the psychological distress among the adult general population across 13 countries. This cross-sectional study was conducted through online survey by recruiting 7...

The COVID-19 pandemics caused an unprecedented mortality, distress, and globally poses a challenge to mental resilience. To our knowledge, this is the first study that aimed to investigate the psychological distress among the adult general population across 13 countries. This cross-sectional study was conducted through online survey by recruiting 7...

In education, multisite trials involve randomization of pupils into intervention and comparison groups within schools. Most analytical models in multisite educational trials ignore that the impact of an intervention may be school dependent. This study investigates the impact of statistical models on the uncertainty associated with an effect size us...

Introduction Previous studies conducted on the psychological impact of infectious outbreaks have found heavy psychological burdens among general population with more severe affect in the current pandemic. The main aim of this study is to examine the level of psychological distress during COVID-19 in Bangladesh and explore factors associated with hi...

Educational researchers advocate the use of an effect size and its confidence interval to assess the effectiveness of interventions instead of relying on a p-value, which has been blamed for lack of reproducibility of research findings and the misuse of statistics. The aim of this study is to provide a framework, which can provide direct evidence o...

To date, research on sex differentials in lifespan variation and life expectancy has mainly been conducted in Western countries and there is a dearth of data from South Korea. This study aimed to further the understanding of mortality transition and life expectancy in South Korea, and the associated trajectories of age-at-death variation, through a...

India is the second most populous country in the world with a population of 1.3 billion; any change in its morbidity and disability pattern is bound to bring change at the Asia level, which is a matter of concern for the developing countries. Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) provide summary measures...

This study examined the relationship between the total fertility rate and under-five child sex ratio to understand the role of fertility in the phenomenon of missing girls in India. Using data from the last four decennial censuses for the fifteen major states of India and their districts, covering more than 90% of the population of India, the study...

India still figured among countries with high level of maternal morbidity and mortality, and launched various MCH programmes to attain 80 percent institutional delivery and 100 percent safe delivery since 2005 with NRHM. The study examines the reasons and predictors of non-institutional delivery, including exploring the likely association with ante...

This study aims to examine the sex differentials in life expectancy at birth and life disparity, and to estimate the age-specific contribution of the differences for India and its major states. Life dispari-ty measures the variation in the distribution of deaths, and life expectancy at birth measures the average length of life. Complete life tables...

Early life disparity – defined as the average life years lost due to death by the age of 60 years – can be used to assess more systematically the effect of savings from death at a young age. In addition, it can give valuable insight into the consequences of death in the early stages of life. Early life disparity can further be categorized into chil...

This article investigates the role of different factors associated with secondhand smoke among non-smoker adults age 15 and above in India with special focus on the knowledge of tobacco health hazard. To meet the objectives of the study, nationally representative data of Global Adult Tobacco survey conducted in 2009-10 has been used. The findings i...

This study aims to investigate the role of different factors associated with exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) in the workplace and home in the urban and rural areas of India. Secondary analysis of the data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in 2009-2010. Data were analysed from 32 738 rural and 23 202 urban non-smokers at home and 48...