Ajit M W Chaudhari

The Ohio State University | OSU · Division of Physical Therapy

Background: Recently, lumbopelvic control has been linked to pitching performance, kinematics, and loading; however, poor lumbopelvic control has not been prospectively investigated as a risk factor for injuries in baseball pitchers. Hypothesis: Pitchers with poor lumbopelvic control during spring training are more likely to miss ≥30 days becaus...

OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence for lumbopelvic neuromuscular training (LNMT) in individuals after musculoskeletal (MSK) injury. DATA SOURCES:: A literature search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed for English studies from January 1990 to March 2012. Search terms including and related to trunk, co...

Background: Many athletic maneuvers involve coordination of movement between the lower and upper extremities, suggesting that better core muscle use may lead to improved athletic performance and reduced injury risk. Purpose: To determine to what extent a training program with quasistatic trunk stabilization (TS) exercises would improve measures...

This study assessed the correlation between lumbopelvic control during a single-leg balancing task and in-game pitching performance in Minor-League baseball pitchers. Seventy-five healthy professional baseball pitchers performed a standing lumbopelvic control test during the last week of spring training for the 2008 and 2009 seasons while wearing a...

Hernia disease is one of the most common reasons patients seek surgical treatment, yet nearly 1 in 4 patients seeking ventral hernia repair in the United States suffer from chronic pain, disability, and diminished physical activity. The relationships between the anterior abdominal wall, lower back, diaphragm, and pelvic floor are critical in provid...

Marksmanship performance while moving is a critical skill among tactical athletes due to the high demands of their occupational duties. Qualifications for dynamic marksmanship performance are not standardized across tactical athlete groups, which may limit comprehensive assessment of tactical athlete performance for situational awareness and adapta...

Understanding whether and how children with typical development adapt their reaches for different functional tasks could inform a more targeted design of rehabilitation interventions to improve upper extremity function in children with motor disabilities. This prospective study compares timing and coordination of a reach-to-drink, reach-to-eat, and...

Context: Video feedback is an expeditious method to improve athlete safety when performing activities with an inherent risk of injury. Objective: Determine the effect of video feedback in the instruction of tackling form. Providing appropriate and validated feedback during tackling training in North American football may be a mechanism for athle...

The dynamic work environments of tactical athletes are difficult to replicate in a laboratory. Accelerometers and inertial measurement units provide a way to characterize movement in the field. This systematic review identified how accelerometers and inertial measurement units are currently being used to quantify movement patterns of tactical athle...

Breathing plays a vital role in everyday life, and specifically during exercise it provides working muscles with the oxygen necessary for optimal performance. Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) monitors breathing through elastic belts around the chest and abdomen, with efficient breathing defined by synchronous chest and abdomen movement....

Background Individuals who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for treatment of knee osteoarthritis often experience suboptimal outcomes. Investigation of neuromuscular control strategies in these individuals may reveal factors that contribute to these functional deficits. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the relationship between...

BACKGROUND Falls are a significant source of early morbidity and mortality in the aging population, yet the neurological, sensory, and motor changes that lead to increased falls risk often escape early identification and intervention. Measurement of postural control in the clinical setting could facilitate evidence-based falls risk assessment. OBJ...

Existing methods for estimating how individual muscles contribute to a movement require extensive time and experimental resources. In this study we developed an efficient method for determining how changes to lower extremity joint kinematics affect the potential of individual muscles to contribute to whole-body center-of-mass vertical (support) and...

Background The abdominal core is comprised of the diaphragm, abdominal wall, and pelvic floor, and serves several important functions for balance, movement, and strength. Injury to this area, such as hernia, can have substantial impact. The Quiet Unstable Sitting Test involves individuals seated on the rounded surface of a BOSU® balance trainer pla...

Background Older adults and individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often exhibit reduced locomotor function and altered muscle activity. Identifying age- and KOA-related changes to the modular control of gait may provide insight into the neurological mechanisms underlying reduced walking performance in these populations. The purpose of this pil...

Individuals who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for treatment of knee osteoarthritis often experience suboptimal outcomes. Investigation of neuromuscular control strategies in these individuals may reveal factors that contribute to these functional deficits. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the relationship between patient fun...

Background Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), increases risk of brain and musculoskeletal injury after return to play (RTP). Dual-task training options have been suggested as a way to improve neurorehabilitation from concussion, thus reducing the risk of injury with RTP. To begin to evaluate the impact of dual task training on funct...

Falls are the leading causes of accidental injury in older adults and directly contribute to more than 600,000 deaths each year worldwide. Although the issue of falls is complex, balance dysfunction is one the principal contributors to the heightened incidence of falls in older adults. A nationally representative survey of older adults in the Unite...

ILIOTIBIAL BAND SYNDROME INJURED RUNNERS INCREASE FLEXIBILITY USING SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION AND INCREASE FUNCTIONAL STRENGTH USING A HEAT PACK-IMPLICATIONS FOR FASTER RECOVERY

Background An increasing body of information suggests that preoperative physical activity level can impact postoperative outcomes. We sought to investigate this relationship in patients undergoing ventral hernia repair (VHR). Methods The Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative registry was used to identify patients undergoing a VHR between 201...

Existing methods for estimating how individual muscles contribute to a movement require extensive time and experimental resources. In this study we developed an efficient method for determining how changes to lower extremity joint kinematics affect the potential of individual muscles to contribute to whole-body center-of-mass vertical (support) and...

Aging is associated with progressive declines in both the vestibular and human balance systems. While vestibular lesions certainly contribute to imbalance, the specific contributions of age-related vestibular declines to age-related balance impairment is poorly understood. This gap in knowledge results from the absence of a standardized method for...

Background: Operating room (OR) traffic and door openings have emerged as potential modifiable risk factors for the development of surgical site infections. Methods: This study compared the microbial load of a Control OR without traffic versus a Simulated OR with the traffic in a typical orthopedic surgery case. Air particle counts and colony form...

Perinatal stroke (PS), occurring between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days of life, is a leading cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). Hallmarks of HCP are motor and sensory impairments on one side of the body—especially the arm and hand contralateral to the stroke (involved side). HCP is diagnosed months or years after the original brain injur...

Despite the wide-spread use of musculoskeletal simulations and its use in estimating spinal loads, much is not known about how to best collect experimental data for modelling purposes. The primary purposes in this study were to determine the effects of tracking of running motion capture data to a model (1) with and without coupling of lumbar spine...

Because of the unique demands of a pitch, baseball players have the greatest percentage of injuries resulting in surgery among high school athletes, with a majority of these injuries affecting the shoulder and elbow due to overuse from throwing. These injuries are believed to occur because of repeated microtrauma to soft tissues caused by the repet...

Postural control provides insight into health concerns such as fall risk but remains relatively untapped as a vital sign of health. One understudied aspect of postural control involves transient responses within center of pressure (CoP) data to events such as vision occlusion. Such responses are masked by common whole-trial analyses. We hypothesize...

Two optimization techniques, static optimization (SO) and computed muscle control (CMC), are often used in OpenSim to estimate the muscle activations and forces responsible for movement. Although differences between SO and CMC muscle function have been reported, the accuracy of each technique and the combined effect of optimization and model choice...

Populations with lower extremity muscle weakness have difficulty performing the sit-to-stand (STS) transfer. The degree of weakness that can be tolerated before compromising the ability to perform this task is unknown. Using dynamic simulations, we investigated the effects of weakness before changes in kinematics/kinetics would be required. Lower e...

Older adults and individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often exhibit reduced locomotor function and altered muscle activity. Identifying age- and KOA-related changes to the modular control of gait may provide insight into the neurological mechanisms underlying reduced walking performance in these populations. The purpose of this pilot study wa...

Introduction The impact of amputation on health care costs is an understudied topic due to the lack of sufficient population size and data sources. The purpose of this investigation was to leverage a publicly available database on amputations to determine health care–associated costs for individuals with lower- and upper-limb amputation of varying...

Background: Neonatal stroke is a leading cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy that occurs around the time of birth. Infants are diagnosed with cerebral palsy when motor impairments become clinically apparent, months or years after the stroke. Tools/methods for identifying high risk or diagnosis of cerebral palsy in infancy are improving. Methods:...

Purpose: The role of core stability in running and its influence on injury risk in runners is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability (and core fatigue) on running mechanics. We hypothesized that decreasing core stability in novice runners would result in altered running mechanics previously a...

Background Loss of the hand results in significant functional deficits and requires adaptation of movement patterns which may result in overuse injuries. An externally powered prosthesis may improve function of the affected limb and reduce the overreliance on the intact side; however, little research has been done in this area. Objective Investiga...

Background: Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is an overuse injury with pain at the level of the knee lateral epicondyle. We sought to determine whether there is greater knee lateral epicondyle prominence among patients with ITBFS versus matched controls. Methods: Seventy five patients with ITBFS and 75 age-, height-, and sex-matched con...

Background: Neurotoxic cancer treatments can cause chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and postural control deficits that cancer survivors report as a concern. Exercise-based sensorimotor training has emerged as a promising treatment for symptoms including balance deficits, however, more study is needed to optimize engagement and participat...

Background: Increased varus/valgus laxity and perceived knee instability are independently associated with poor outcomes in people with knee osteoarthritis. However, the relationship between laxity and perceived instability is unclear. Objective: To assess whether knee extensor strength, pain, and knee laxity are related to perceived knee instab...

Background: Identifying athletes at an increased risk of injury is a promising approach to improve the effect of injury prevention interventions; however, it requires first identifying the potential athlete-specific risk factors. Cognitive ability was recently shown to correlate with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates and lower ext...

Background: Impairments in central and/or peripheral nervous systems are known to be associated with altered gait; however, the interplay between cognitive function, peripheral sensation, and orbital gait stability remains largely unclear. Elucidating these relationships is expected to provide a clearer understanding of potential fall risk factors...

Introduction Previous research has determined the impact of different types of lower-limb prostheses on functional and biomechanical outcomes. Little work, however, has examined the effect of amputation and prostheses on health care costs. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate long-term health care associated costs in individuals with l...

Integrated exercises that mimic daily tasks are generally preferred for improving performance and the later stages of rehabilitation, but it is unknown whether integrated core exercises are better than isolated core exercises at improving muscle activation for hypertrophy. The aim of the study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity in...

Individuals diagnosed with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) demonstrate impaired balance and carry an increased risk of falling. However, prior investigations of postural instability have only compared these individuals against healthy controls, limiting the understanding of impairments associated with CIPN. Therefore, the purpose...

Operating room (OR) traffic and door openings increase potential for air contamination in the OR and create distractions for surgical teams. A multidisciplinary intervention was developed among OR staff, surgical staff, vendors, radiology, and anesthesia and approved by the hospital system’s patient and quality safety department for implementation....

This chapter discusses the early development of knee osteoarthritis with regard to ACL injury. In addition, the kinematic and kinetic changes in the knee after ACL injury are summarized. The interaction between altered joint kinematics and the structural and biological components of articular cartilage is explored as an initiating mechanism of prem...

Background: To longitudinally assess individuals using quantified measures, we must characterize within-subject variability (WSV) of the measures. Research question: What is the natural within-subject variability (WSV) that can be expected in postural control over 3+ days? Methods: Thirteen individuals without orthopedic or neurologic impairme...

Context: Visual feedback is crucial in the control of human movement. When vision is obstructed, alterations in landing neuromuscular control may increase movements that place individuals at risk for injury. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may further alter the motor-control response to alterations in visual feedback. The development of st...

This chapter describes the relationship of core stability to ACL injury. The terms core, stability, and core stability are defined. Measurement techniques and training for core stability are presented. Preliminary evidence of a connection between active and reactive activations of the core muscles and knee loading patterns relevant to ACL injury ar...

Background: Many organizations have introduced frameworks to reduce the incidence of football related concussions through proper equipment fitting, coach education, and alteration of tackling technique. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training in a vertical, head up tackling style on the number of head accelerati...

Background: Long term neurologic injury and concussion have been identified as risks from participation in American football. Altering tackling form has been recommended to reduce the risk of neurologic injury caused by head accelerations when tackling. The purpose of this research is to determine the inter-rater agreement and validity of the Qual...

Stair descent (SD) is a common, difficult task for populations who are elderly or have orthopaedic pathologies. Joint torques of young, healthy populations during SD increase at the hip and ankle with increasing speed but not at the knee, contrasting torque patterns during gait. To better understand the sources of the knee torque pattern, we used d...

Context: The fourth edition of the Preparticipation Physical Evaluation recommends functional testing for the musculoskeletal portion of the examination; however, normative data across sex and grade level are limited.3 Establishing normative data can provide clinicians reference points with which to compare their patients, potentially aiding in th...

The deep core muscles are often neglected or improperly trained in athletes. Improper function of this musculature may lead to abnormal spinal loading, muscle strain, or injury to spinal structures, all of which have been associated with increased low back pain (LBP) risk. The purpose of this study was to identify potential strategies used to compe...

Background: Hundreds of investigations examining biomechanical outcomes of various prostheses have been completed, but one question remains unanswered: how much time should an amputee be given to accommodate to a new prosthesis prior to biomechanical testing? Objective: To examine the literature for accommodation time given during biomechanical...

With more than 29,000 OpenSim users, several musculoskeletal models with varying levels of complexity are available to study human gait. However, how different model parameters affect estimated joint and muscle function between models is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of four OpenSim models (Gait2392, Lo...

Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity of several commonly used chemotherapy drugs including taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and platinum compounds. Development of CIPN is highly variable, both in self-reported symptoms and functional consequences, and can be severe enough to alter dose intensity. Purpose...