Ajeet Singh Bhadoria

All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh · Department of Community and Family Medicine

Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continuously evolving, and many mutant variants of the virus are circulating in the world. Recurrent waves of COVID-19 have caused enormous mortality all across the globe. Considering the novelty of the virus, it becomes crucial for healthcare experts and policymaker...

Background: Baseline diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) at the initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) correlates positively with subsequent intubation. We investigated the utility of DD detected 2 hours after NIV initiation in estimating NIV failure in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients. Methods: In a pr...

Liver diseases are now the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality profile globally with rising trends due to unhealthy lifestyle. Most of the liver diseases are preventable. Scientific evidences have well supported and documented that almost 90 percent of all major liver diseases are either the manifestations of asymptomatic hepatitis virus...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Understanding predictors of mortality will help in prioritizing patient care and preventive approaches. This was a multicentric, unmatched, hospital-based case-control study conducted in nine teaching hospitals in India. Cases were mic...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Understanding predictors of mortality will help in prioritizing patient care and preventive approaches. This was a multicentric, unmatched, hospital-based case-control study conducted in nine teaching hospitals in India. Cases were mic...

Context: Complex left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology is increasingly associated with cryptogenic ischemic stroke as compared to cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on such an association in patients with other etiological stroke subtypes in the absence of AF is limited. Aim: The study aimed to assess the LAA mo...

Although spider angiomas can be seen in 10%–15% of healthy children and pregnant women, they do resolve with time or normalization of estrogen levels Typical lesions measures 1–10 mm in diameter; commonly occur in exposed areas of the skin, including the face, neck, upper trunk, and arms. Presence of numerous, large angiomas in atypical locations i...

Objectives The objectives of the study were to compare the clinico-radiological profile, optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and outcome in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorders (MOGAD) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum disorder subtypes. Materials and Methods This prospective study involved collection of data rega...

Study design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Purpose: To study the role of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in evaluating microstructural changes in patients with cervical spondylosis. Overview of literature: Cervical spondylosis is a common progressive degenerative disorder of the spine. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can on...

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), the two most significant physicochemical indicators, we find higher in water samples from plain regions than from hilly regions. Mean levels of As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Ni were 5.48, 1.060, 4.4, 0.728, 3.5, 2.93, 26.56, and 7.68 (µg/L), respectively, in water samples, was within n...

Background Multiple trials have compared reconstruction techniques used following the resection of distal rectal cancers, including straight colorectal anastomosis (SCA), colonic J pouch (CJP), side-to-end anastomosis (SEA), and transverse coloplasty (TCP). The latest meta-analysis on the subject concluded that all the reservoir techniques produce...

Purpose: Virtual endoscopy is a postprocessing method using three-dimensional computed tomography (CT), which produces views of the inner surfaces of the human body like those produced by fibreoptic endoscopy. To evaluate and categorise patients who require medical or endoscopic band ligation to prevent oesophageal variceal bleed, a less invasive,...

Objectives This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of oral prednisolone and adrenocorticotropic hormone injection in West syndrome patients, the two most common hormonal therapies used for this condition. Materials and Methods In this prospective and observational study, we documented sociodemographic, epilepsy, and development-related v...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. It has also been associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) adding to poor quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ED and its predictors among diabetic men. Material and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional observa...

Background In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an integral component of the non-pharmacological management of COPD. Yoga has proven to be beneficial in COPD, although well-designed comparative studies between the two modalities are lacking. This pilot study aims to compare these two modalities delivered...

Introduction: The age-old definition of fever was derived using cross-sectional population surveying utilising old techniques without considering symptomatology. However, the diagnosis of fever must be made only in the presence of associated symptoms that can distinguish it from the mere asymptomatic physiologic rise of temperature. Aim: Analysis o...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. It has also been associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) adding to poor quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ED and its predictors among diabetic men. Material and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional obse...

Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continuously evolving and many mutant variants of the virus are circulating in the world. Recurrent waves of COVID-19 have caused enormous mortality all over the world. It is of utmost importance for a health expert to understand the demographic and clinical attributes b...

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a distinct hepatic condition and one of the most common causes of Chronic Liver Disease globally. In February 2021, the Government of India launched an integrated intervention to prevent and control NAFLD in the ongoing National Programme for Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disea...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21907.].

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the factors that affect the outcome of strabismus surgery in terms of improvement in stereopsis and binocularity. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from patients with childhood-onset, concomitant, constant strabismus greater than 30 prism diopters (PD) with postoperative al...

Viral hepatitis is one of the emerging public health problems, which urgently needs special attention. The disease has a varied presentation at the time of diagnosis, and it can progress from an accidental finding to life-threatening conditions like liver cirrhosis. It belongs to the rare group of diseases that can cause chronic inflammation inside...

Background Genitourinary fistula is a distressful condition involving mental, social, marital, and financial repercussions. Objective The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, the timing of repair, and perform a meta-analysis evaluating the success rate of various treatment modalities wit...

Background: With the looming threat of recurrent waves of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in the presence of mutated strains, it is of paramount importance to understand the demographic and clinical attributes of COVID-19 related mortalities in each pandemic wave. This could help policy makers, public health experts, and clinicians to better p...

Background: Insulin resistance is an integral component of a multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) associated with increased mortality. We determined a cutoff value for the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) during an ICU admission that could predict 28-day mortality of nondiabetic MODS patients. Materials and methods:...

Viral hepatitis is still considered a major cause of the burden of disease in India. It is the most common cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Prisoners are one of the groups at most risk for hepatitis. This study aimed to estimate the pooled estimates of the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among prisoners in India. The study followed the Preferre...

Background With the looming threat of recurrent waves of COVID-19 in the presence of mutated strains, its of paramount importance to understand the demographic and clinical attributes of COVID-19 related mortalities in each pandemic waves. This could help policy makers, public health experts, and clinicians to better plan preventive and management...

A descriptive study with the cross-sectional design was conducted at AIIMS, Rishikesh during 01 July-31 August 2019 to assess the cost of treatment and patients' perspectives about the functioning of the Pradhan-Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand. A predesigned pretested semi-structured questionnaire was use...

BACKGROUND A serious complication of surgical removal of impacted lower third molars is inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. Evaluation of radiographic factors to predict IAN injury using CT and panoramic radiography includes root morphology assessment, follicular sac size, mandibular bone density, inferior alveolar nerve and vessels, condition of...

This article reviews the ongoing initiatives to prevent and control cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) in India and analyses the role of primary health care (PHC) system. The authors note that in last 2 decades, there has been increasing policy recognition of the challenges posed by CVDs and NCDs in India. The revie...

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis is associated with many extra-articular manifestations including cardiac abnormalities, which increases the risk of morbidity and premature death. Sub-clinical cardiac abnormalities occur many years before their clinically overt manifestations. The objective of the present study is to compare cardiac function abnorm...

Background The age-old definition of fever was derived using cross-sectional population surveying utilizing old techniques without considering symptomatology. However, the diagnosis of fever must be made only in the presence of associated symptoms that can distinguish it from the mere asymptomatic physiologic rise of temperature. Association of the...

Background 98.6F is generally accepted as normal body temperature as defined by Wunderlich (1868) and later challenged by Mackowiak (1992) and Protsiv (2020) who concluded as 98.2F based on cross-sectional studies. Hence, the normal body temperature at present needs quantification? Methods A longitudinal study on the healthy population of Northen-I...

Background: Psychosocial problems occur in a wide variety of settings, and they often have a negative impact on adolescents’ mental health. The family environment influences the psychosocial development of adolescents in this transitional phase. This study was conducted to find the association between psychosocial problems and the family environmen...

Background: Trastuzumab is now the standard of care in patients with Her-2 positive breast cancer. Despite its availability, high cost of treatment of trastuzumab makes it out of reach for many patients. This study analyses access to trastuzumab and identified potential barriers to its use in a large tertiary care hospital in northern India.Methods...

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) risks the affected mother‑child duos not only with respect to adverse perinatal outcomes but also for chronic diseases later in life. Therefore, in 2014, the Government of India (GoI) mandated universal GDM screening for all pregnant women as a part of essential obstetric care within the Reproductive and Child He...

Context: Control of COVID‑19 has now become a critical issue for public health. Many ecological factors are proven to influence the transmission and survival of the virus. However, the association between different climatic factors and spread and mortality due to COVID‑19 is unknown. Aim: To determine the association of different climatic factors w...

This article reviews the ongoing initiatives to prevent and control cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) in India and analyses the role of primary health care (PHC) system. The authors note that in last 2 decades, there has been increasing policy recognition of the challenges posed by CVDs and NCDs in India. The revie...

Objective: To evaluate the management methods of female urethral stricture (FUS) and analyze the outcomes of surgical treatments. A meta-analysis was done in an attempt to identify the best approach of urethroplasty and the graft-of-choice. Materials and methods: A systematic search of Pubmed/Medline and Embase databases was performed according...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has emerged as a country-wide public health problem. Beyond perinatal implications, GDM is recognized as precursor for most chronic lifestyle diseases. Despite this, the existing Indian guidelines didn’t address stress management during pregnancy. In this regard, the present manuscript aims to identify the parall...

BACKGROUND: Menstruation is a normal physiological process among reproductive age group females. Although some of them show the abnormal menstrual pattern, which is influenced by several factors, including sociodemographic status, psychosocial stress, improper sleep level, etc. The identification of these risk factors associated with abnormal menst...

Background Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most common locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Postembolization syndrome is not an uncommon complication. At present, there is no specific treatment for management of this complication. We aimed to study the role of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, in management...

Background In 2016, of the estimated 257 million people living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide, only a small proportion was diagnosed and treated. The insufficiency of information on the proportion of people infected with HBV who are eligible for treatment limits the interpretation of global treatment coverage. We aimed to...

Background: In India, the active case-finding (ACF) strategy began in 2017 under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme to find its missing tuberculosis (TB) cases. Few studies have been conducted in India to assess the treatment outcome of TB patients detected by ACF. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes...

Background: Pharmacotherapeutic audit meeting (PTAM) is a good tool to review prescriptions for rationality and suggest measures for improving quality of prescriptions. To promote this, World Health Organization (WHO) and International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) provided drug prescribing and drug use indicators. To assess the impact...

The pandemic of COVID-19 is a global public health emergency which has seriously affected India. Poor and marginalized sections of the society have been affected the most. This relatively new disease is still evolving in various parts of the world with lots of implications like global socioeconomic disruption. In this article we have attempted to e...

Context: Immunization is one of the most important preventive health actions against the most childhood diseases. Advent of combination vaccines in immunization schedule such as Pentavalent Vaccine has given many benefits. Aim: To assess knowledge of mothers/ caregivers and health care workers regarding Pentavalent vaccine and side effects of vacci...

Introduction: Tobacco is the most common form of substance abuse. Commonest evil of modern society is use of tobacco, though alcohol is equally harmful as tobacco but the accessibility of tobacco and its product are far easier for any individua. Aim & Objective: To determine the prevalence of tobacco abuse in the community and its association with...

Background: ICDS scheme has been playing its role effectively since 1975 when it was launched, but still there are some short comings which need to be addressed. Uttarakhand being one of the states with poor health indicators with respect to child and mother there is need to increase research on implementation of programs. Aims & Objectives: The pr...

Context: Vital parameters including blood oxygen level, respiratory rate, pulse rate, and body temperature are crucial for triaging patients to appropriate medical care. Advances in remote health monitoring system and wearable health devices have created a new horizon for delivery of efficient health care from a distance. Materials and Methods: Thi...

With declaration of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by World Health Organization, India came to alert for its being at next potential risk. It reached alert Level 2, i.e. local transmission for virus spread in early March 2020 and soon thereafter alert Level 3, i.e. community transmission. With on‑going rise...

Medical research is the only reliable way through which our insight can be focused towards the best practices in medicine. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act define medical research as “a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledg...

Background: In India, iodine deficiency (ID) still remains a serious concern even after five decades of enormous efforts. ID during the preconception period of adolescent girls may negatively affect future neonates, resulting in neonatal hypothyroidism. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of goiter and associated factor...

Background: Awareness about disease among tuberculosis (TB) patients plays a crucial role toward successfully achieving targets for control, prevention, and their relatives treatment adherence and is not well studied or documented. This study sought to explore the awareness and perceptions of TB patients in a tertiary care centre in northern India....