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Introduction
Publications
Publications (70)
The agricultural industry significantly drives global economic growth. However, the undeniable impacts of intensive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and intensified farming practices contribute to soil erosion. Synbiotics, a combination of prebiotic and probiotic offer an alternative approach to preserve and improve the quality of soil. The...
Drought, an ever-looming threat to agriculture, is of paramount concern in organic crop production. The traditional methodologies employed for screening and selecting drought-resistant crops are characterized by their laborious and time-intensive nature. However, the integration of molecular techniques has wrought a
revolutionary transformation, ex...
The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species globally. The present study investigated the effect of synbiotics on the growth and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius. Different synbiotics formulations were applied by spraying mushroom samples daily and measuring their growth paramete...
The world of pharmaceutical research has been increasingly turning its gaze toward the treasure trove of natural products in search of novel drugs and therapeutic agents. Amidst the vast array of medicinal plants that dot our planet, the Asclepiadaceae family unexplored species have piqued the interest of researchers. Both medicinal plants are indi...
Mushroom cultivation is currently being widely ventured by farmers in Malaysia due to its high profits in a short time and low production cost. Mushrooms can be grown on various substrates such as rice husk and stalks, coconut fiber, and sawdust. This study was performed to find out the ability of using pineapple leaves waste as a substrate for the...
Volvariella volvacea is one of the world-famous edible mushroom varieties cultivated in lignocellulosic agricultural waste as a growth media. The present study aimed to investigate the growth and characteristics of V. volvacea and analyze the difference between the V. volvacea production yield using pineapple leaves medium compared to the oil palm...
The unscientific disposal of the most abundant crustacean wastes, especially those derived from marine sources, affects both the economy and the environment. Strategic waste collection and management are in need of the hour. Sustainable valorization approaches are played a crucial role in solving those issues as well as generating wealth from waste...
The current study examined fungal diversity in manufactured and natural agarwood samples perceived from A. malecensis trees in a plantation and the East Malaysia rainforest. Isolated fungi were also subjected to molecular analysis. The fungal community composition of healthy and damaged tree samples from both plantation and the wild forest was iden...
In plant development, flowering is the most widely studied process. Floral forms show large diversity in different species due to simple variations in basic architecture. To determine the floral gene expression during the past decade, MADS-box genes have identified as key regulators in both reproductive and vegetative plant development. Traditional...
SARS-CoV-2 is a disease that endangers both human life and the economy. There was an 11-month period of relative evolutionary standstill following the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. However, the emergence of clusters of mutations known as' variants of concern 'with variable viral properties such as transmissibility and antigenicity defined...
Proteins and peptides have been used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food applications for their therapeutic and nutritional properties. However, administration of these molecules to the human body is challenging due to their low stability, low bioavailability, high biodegradability, immunogenicity, and inefficient permeability. These molecul...
Aquilaria malaccensis is a tropical tree that produces expensive resinous heartwood agarwood through the natural process induced by natural or artificial injury or microbial infection. Fungi are commonly noticed as the main microbial component responsible for agarwood formation. The current review investigated the agarwood quality and fungi diversi...
Aquilaria malaccensis is a tropical tree that produces expensive resinous heartwood agarwood through the natural process induced by natural or artificial injury or microbial infection. Fungi are commonly noticed as the main microbial component responsible for agarwood formation. The current review investigated the agarwood quality and fungi diversi...
Cascade pretreatment of low-pressure steam heating (LPSH) and maleic acid (MA) on pineapple waste (PW) biomass aims to improve delignification, increase enzyme accessibility to carbohydrate in the feedstock while reducing inhibitor by-products. The best conditions for LPSH pretreatment were determined using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) while the con...
The transformation of agricultural wastes such as pineapple waste into valuable product such as biochar will be of great advantage. Biochar is a black carbon produced by pyrolysis which can act as good adsorbent for organic substances due to the high porosity characteristic. Due to the instability and the non-recyclability factor of free enzymes, t...
Agarwood is a fragrant resinous wood that has been widely used in traditional medicines, incense and perfume. Formation of agarwood in branches and trunks of certain genera including Aquilaria and Gyrinops is due to activation of defence mechanism that causes by natural phenomena or microbial infection. The main fragrant compounds of agarwood are s...
Recombinant enzyme excretion is essential due to stable and active protein production. However, enzyme excretion, especially in the Escherichia coli system, may increase the occurrence of cell lysis. Thus, cell immobilization was used, and optimization of culture conditions was conducted to increase enzyme excretion and limit cell lysis. The cultur...
Aquilaria malaccensis, the resinous agarwood, is highly valued in the perfumery and medicinal industry. The formation of fragrant agarwood resin inconsistently by various fungi is still not clearly understood. The current study investigated the agarwood quality and fungal diversity in artificially inoculated and naturally infected A. malaccensis. T...
One of the most significant and difficult jobs in food sustainability, is to make use of waste in the vegetable and fruit processing sectors. The discarded fruits along with their waste materials, is anticipated to have potential use for further industrial purposes via extraction of functional ingredients, extraction of bioactive components, fermen...
Background: Diarrhoeagenic verotoxin producing non-O157 Escherichia coli (VTEC) are
associated with endemic infantile diarrhoea-causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. VTEC can also cause severe illness and has an impact on outbreaks, especially in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characterisation of VTEC a...
Rambutan and pulasan seeds are usually discarded as waste. However, the seeds contain a significant quantity of quality crude fat. Therefore, the present work was conducted to establish and compare the fat properties, and saponin and total phenolic contents of fermented rambutan and pulasan seeds. Results showed that the crude fat yields for rambut...
Due to their difficulty of pathogenesis, nervous system disease (NSD) therapies have long been challenging problems for researchers. With the rise of an ageing population, the quest for successful NSD therapies has become a hot topic. Polysaccharides demonstrated numerous biological effects in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and immune regulatio...
Biofuels have been regaining popularity due to the increasing price of non-renewable fuels and the higher carbon dioxide emissions. Biofuels are manufactured from plant products and are mainly composed of lignocellulose and starch materials. This investigation aims to produce increased fermentable sugars for enhanced bioethanol production from tube...
The mushroom cultivation industry in Malaysia is one of the fastest growing agricultural sectors due to its high return value and low production cost. With the Malaysian government forecasting an RM300 million worth of mushroom exporting by 2020, demand for high-quality mushrooms would rise. Commercially grown mushrooms in Malaysia include Pleurotu...
Present research investigation aimed to explore the pineapple and jackfruit by‐products, the core and the seed, respectively, as a meat tenderizer. The effects of beef samples treated with bromelain and A. heterophyllus protease in four different concentrations (0, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) and combination (4% bromelain and 4% A. heterophyllus protease) w...
Biofuels have been regaining popularity due to the increasing price of non-renewable fuels and the larger carbon dioxide emissions. Biofuels are manufactured from plant products and are mainly composed of lignocellulose and starch. If these materials have been converted into biofuel, will be more beneficial than the currently available fuels. The a...
This investigation was aimed to explore antibacterial and antioxidant compounds in Durio zibethinus (Durian) peel/seed extracts and their effectiveness in preventing meat decay. The antioxidant compound from D. zibethinus peel/seed extracts is determined using total phenolic content (TPC) and total phenolic content (TFC). The antibacterial ability...
Plasmid-mediated Non-O157 VTEC is a pathogenic E. coli serotype, are responsible for many life-threatening diseases such as diarrhoea. The thermostable crystal structure has been widely sought after for industry and therapeutic applications through the structural analysis. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Genbank Database ha...
Keratin is a durable and fibrous protein of hair, nails, horns, hoofs, feathers and the epithelial cells in the outermost layers of the skin. Keratin in animals mainly presents in vertebrates such as mammals, birds and reptiles including chicken and swiftlet. This study aims to characterize keratin extracted from chicken and swiftlet feathers. The...
A comprehensive research has been carried out on l-glutaminase producers from marine bacteria. Among the evaluated isolates, Kosakonia radicincitans was found to be a l-glutaminase producer from a marine environment, having the highest enzymatic activities. The optimal condition for l-glutaminase production from K. radicincitans was at pH and tempe...
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is an industrial enzyme that converts starch into cyclodextrin (CD). CD has many potential applications in wide range of industries including food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and plastic industries. Production of CD from CGTase is based on a few process parameters such as concentration of substrate, types of s...
This study aimed to explore the antioxidant and antibacterial compounds in P. edulis peels and to identify the effectiveness of P. edulis peels extract on preserved meat. In this research studies, the antioxidant compound from sample extract of P. edulis peel is determined using total flavonoid and total phenolic content respectively. TPC of 7.273...
This study was designed to examine the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and various extracts processed from Jackfruit seed (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Seed extracts obtained from Jackfruit were tested for TPC and TFC, and the TPC of 34.48 ± 1.77 mg GAE/g extract was detected while TFC of 0.19 ± 0.004 mg QE/g extr...
Fruit bromelain is a cysteine protease accumulated in pineapple fruits. This proteolytic enzyme has received high demand for industrial and therapeutic applications. In this study, fruit bromelain sequences QIM61759, QIM61760 and QIM61761 were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Genbank Database. The tertiary str...
Interest in the nanotechnology invention has been increased among the researcher and industries which lead to many investigations and studies to develop a product with better performance. In this research, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and poly (vinyl) alcohol (PVA) nanofiber with the ratio 1:1 and the concentration of 5 wt% and 7 wt%, respe...
Fruit bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme harbouring cysteine catalytic residue found abundantly in pineapple fruit. The expression of cysteine proteases is usually regulated during fruit ripening. In the present study, we aimed to study the expression and proteolytic activity level of fruit bromelain during the ripening stage of A. comosus cultivar...
Ananascomosus plants produced enzyme called bromelain which acts as an anti-browning agent with the enzymatic inhibition to inhibit fruits browning thus prolong the life span of fruits. The properties are also discovered in aloe vera plant extract which act as an edible coating that can provide nutrients whilst improving anti-browning agent reactio...
A significant increase in the incidence of non-O157 verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infections have become a serious health issues, and this situation is worsening due to the dissemination of plasmid mediated multidrug-resistant microorganisms worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the presence of plasmid-mediated verotoxin gene in non-O1...
Agro-industrial waste is mostly composed of lignocellulosic biomass, which is inexpensive, renewable, and abundant. It provides a unique natural resource for cost-effective bioenergy collection. Agro-industries generate a wide number of waste products either in the form of solid or liquid. The production of agro-industrial waste is growing worldwid...
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is an enzyme that convert starch into cyclodextrin (CD) by transglycosylation reaction. The CD has been used in various industries due to the unique characteristics. However, the production of CD is usually restricted due to the instability of the enzyme which easily denatured during the reaction process. Th...
Clinacanthus nutans has attracted Malaysian public interest due to its high medicinal value in the prevention of cancer. Currently, the specific compound or compounds giving rise to the anticancer potential of C. nutans has not been investigated thoroughly. The extraction was carried out by MeOH at room temperature using the powdered bark of C. nut...
In search of potent anti-inflammatory agents, twenty-four chalcone derivatives including seven new compounds (13 - 17, 21 and 23) containing pyrrole moiety were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppression ability on IFN-γ/LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results showed that none of...
Biological degradation of biomass for the production of fine chemicals is getting much interest nowadays. However, the complex and recalcitrance structure of the biomass hinders the success story of the degradation. Lignin is the main composition that impedes the bioconversion of biomass. Hence, an optimize delignification pretreatment need to be d...
The prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metalloβ-lactamases (MBL) and plasmid-mediated resistance is a severe threat to current lactam therapy leading to treatment failure. Therefore, in this research, an investigation was conducted to study the presence of ESBL and MBL genes in Acinetobacter spp. and relationship on antimicrobial...
The knowledge gained from yeast fermentation made invertase one of the earliest exploited enzymes in human history. Invertase functions as carbohydrases by hydrolysing sucrose into its simplest unit. Extensive studies on invertase have made it well-characterised through the discovery of its existence in a variety of living organisms. It is interest...
Antibiotics are the wonder discoveries to combat microbes. For decades, multiple varieties of antibiotics have been used for therapeutic purposes in hospital settings and communities throughout the world. Unfortunately, bacteria have become resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. This review aims to explore the development, challenges, and th...
Antibiotics are the wonder discoveries to combat microbes. For decades, multiple varieties of antibiotics have been used for therapeutic purposes in hospital settings and communities throughout the world. Unfortunately, bacteria have become resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. This review aims to explore the development, challenges, and th...
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is a starch degrading enzyme to produce cyclodextrin (CD), which can encapsulate compounds to remove flavors and aroma. However, the use of the enzyme is often limited due to the instability of the enzyme resulting in low production of CD. Immobilization technique has greatly improved the characteristics of...
Eleven compounds were identified during profiling of polyphenols by UPLC-QTOF/MS. In abundance was quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside in M. malabathricum ethanolic leaves extract while 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-glucoside was present in the leaves extract of M. decenfidum (its rare variety). TPC and TFC were significantly higher in M. decemfidum extr...
Cysteine proteases in pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants are phytotherapeutical agents that demonstrate anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and fibrinolytic activities. Bromelain has been identified as an active component and as a major protease of A. comosus. Bromelain has gained wide acceptance and compliance as a phytotherapeutical...
The production of cyclodextrin (CD) over the years has been increasing due to the numerous applications in industries such as in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. However, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) which involved in the enzymatic reaction on the production of CD is unstable and easily denatured at extreme co...
Depression is the most common illness observed in the elderly, adults, and children. Antidepressants prescribed are usually synthetic drugs and these can sometimes cause a wide range of unpleasant side effects. Current research is focussed on natural products from plants as they are a rich source of potent new drug leads. Besides Hypericum perforat...
Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes found in pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants. Bromelain can be found in several parts of the pineapple plant, including the stem, fruit, leaves and peels. High demand from bromelain has resulted in gradual increases in bromelain production. Such increases in production have led to the need for a bromelain...
Finding the sequence of the genome from its compositions as well as a mathematical graph is the most interesting topic in a field of DNA molecular. Since lack of technology is the big obstacle that biologists are facing to read a long sequence of the genome from beginning up to the end, therefore finding the compositions of the genome having very l...
The structure of a novel psychrophilic β-mannanase enzyme from Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 yeast has been modelled and analysed in detail. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to model a psychrophilic β-mannanase from yeast. To this end, a 3D structure of the enzyme was first predicted using a threading method because of the low sequence iden...
One of the prerequisites for the functional and structural characterisation of proteins is to obtain a sufficiently high amount of the protein sample. Recombinant protein expression systems are usually employed for the overproduction of proteins in cases where isolation from their native host is difficult. For each protein, a suitable expression sy...
A novel α-amylase was isolated successfully from Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 using DNA walking and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The structure of this psychrophilic α-amylase (AmyPI12) from G. antarctica PI12 has yet to be studied in detail. A 3D model of AmyPI12 was built using a homology modelling approach to se...
The structure of psychrophilic chitinase (CHI II) from Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 has yet to be studied in detail. Due to its low sequence identity (<30 %), the structural prediction of CHI II is a challenge. A 3D model of CHI II was built by first using a threading approach to search for a suitable template and to generate an optimum target-templa...
Cold-adapted enzymes are proteins produced by psychrophilic organisms that display a high catalytic efficiency at extremely low temperatures. Chitin consists of the insoluble homopolysaccharide β-(1, 4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine, which is the second most abundant biopolymer found in nature. Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) play an important role in chitin...
Herbal plants are found in abundant in Malaysian rain forests with various uses for its medicinal, pharmaceutical and nutritional value as well as the ordinary spice in our culinary. Among herbal plant studied include Java Tea, "Senduduk (purple & white)", "Daun Kaduk", Madagascar Periwinkle, Gardenia, Impatiens and Betel. As genomic DNA extraction...