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Publications (628)
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic led to health care disruptions and declines in cancer diagnoses in the United States. However, the impact of the pandemic on cancer incidence rates by stage at diagnosis and race and ethnicity is unknown. This cross‐sectional study calculated delay‐ and age‐adjusted incidence rates, stratified by sta...
In 2021, the American Cancer Society published its first biennial report on the status of cancer disparities in the United States. In this second report, the authors provide updated data on racial, ethnic, socioeconomic (educational attainment as a marker), and geographic (metropolitan status) disparities in cancer occurrence and outcomes and contr...
Importance
The COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions in access to health care, including cancer care. The extent of changes in receipt of cancer treatment is unclear.
Objective
To evaluate changes in the absolute number, proportion, and cancer treatment modalities provided to patients with newly diagnosed cancer during 2020, the first year of the p...
112
Background: Previous studies reported improvements in multiple care quality measures, including cancer screening, in patients served in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) located in Medicaid expansion states compared to non-expansion states. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted delivery of routine primary care. Little is known about...
Background
Previous studies have shown an association between living alone and cancer mortality; however, findings by sex and race/ethnicity have generally been inconsistent, and data by socioeconomic status are sparse. The association between living alone and cancer mortality by sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in a nationally repres...
This cross-sectional study examines the incidence rates of lung cancer in women compared with men from 2000 to 2019.
Background
Educational attainment is a social determinant of health and frequently used as an indicator of socioeconomic status. Educational attainment is a predictor of cancer mortality, but associations with site-specific cancer incidence are variable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of educational attainment and site-specif...
Background
With access to cancer care services limited because of coronavirus disease 2019 control measures, cancer diagnosis and treatment have been delayed. The authors explored changes in the counts of US incident cases by cancer type, age, sex, race, and disease stage in 2020.
Methods
Data were extracted from selected US population‐based cance...
Background:
The burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, little is known about CRC treatment and survival in the region.
Methods:
A random sample of 653 patients with CRC diagnosed from 2011 to 2015 was obtained from 11 population-based cancer registries in SSA. Information on clinical characteristics...
PURPOSE
There are limited data on the association between delay in breast cancer diagnosis after breast symptom recognition and survival, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The recently launched Global Breast Cancer Initiative by WHO includes measuring delay as the core indicator for quality of breast cancer care. Herein, we examined the associati...
Background:
The emergence of COVID-19 disrupted health care, with consequences for cancer diagnoses and outcomes, especially for early stage diagnoses, which generally have favourable prognoses. We aimed to examine nationwide changes in adult cancer diagnoses and stage distribution during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic by cancer type and...
Importance:
Comprehensive data for racial and ethnic disparities after second primary cancers (SPCs) are lacking despite the growing burden of SPCs.
Objective:
To quantify racial and ethnic disparities in survival among persons with SPCs.
Design, setting, and participants:
This population-based, retrospective cohort study used data from 18 Sur...
Purpose:
Although cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in Ethiopia, brachytherapy (BT) was not a component in patient treatment until 2015. The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of utilization as well as to describe the practice of BT in Ethiopia.
Materials and methods:
A retrospective descriptive data an...
Background:
This study aims to quantify Black-White inequities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among US survivors of 18 adult-onset cancers and the extent to which these inequities are explained by differences in socio-economic and clinical factors.
Methods:
Survivors of cancers diagnosed at ages 20-64 years during 2007-16 were identif...
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in both genders worldwide.
Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of CRC patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia.
Methods and Results
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 209 patients from January 2020 to Sept...
Clinical guidelines have endorsed early palliative care for patients with advanced malignancies, but receipt remains low in the US. This study examined the association between Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act and receipt of palliative care among patients newly diagnosed with advanced-stage cancers. Using the National Cancer Database...
Accessibility of healthy food is an important predictor for several health outcomes, but its association with life expectancy is unclear. We evaluated the association between U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Research Atlas measures of healthy food accessibility and life expectancy at birth across contiguous U.S. census tracts using spatial mod...
Background:
Although non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the 6th most common malignancy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), little is known about its management and outcome. Herein, we examined treatment patterns and survival among NHL patients.
Methods:
We obtained a random sample of adult patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 from 11 population-based ca...
Background
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and is the 8th leading cause of cancer mortality in Ethiopia. There are two main types of lung cancer: non–small cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, with non–small cell lung cancer accounting for 80–85%. We report on a study of the...
12093
Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in survival after first primary cancer diagnoses have been well documented. Yet comprehensive data for disparities after subsequent primary cancer (SPC) are lacking despite the growing burden of SPCs. Methods: This study included 230,370 persons diagnosed with one of the 13 common SPCs at ages≥20 year...
Background:
United States cancer death rates have been steadily declining since the early 1990s, but information on disparities in progress against cancer mortality across congressional districts is lacking. This study examined trends in cancer death rates, overall and for lung, colorectal, female breast, and prostate cancer by congressional distr...
Background:
Massachusetts was the first to implement a state-wide menthol cigarette sales restriction in the USA. Following its implementation in June 2020, evidence showed declines in cigarette sales in Massachusetts; however, changes in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) product sales are unknown.
Methods:
This cohort study analysed NRT produc...
Background:
Most prior studies have reported cancer mortality trends across countries for specific cancer types. Herein, we examine recent patterns and trends in cancer mortality rates for the eight common forms of cancer in 47 countries across five continents (except Africa) based on the World Health Organization mortality database.
Methods:
Ra...
We present national and state representative prevalence estimates of modifiable cancer risk factors, preventive behaviors and services, and screening, with a focus on changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 2019 and 2021, current smoking, physical inactivity, and heavy alcohol consumption declined, and human papillomavirus vaccination and sto...
The United States (U.S.) witnessed considerable reduction in cigarette smoking prevalence in the recent past. While the correlates of smoking prevalence and related disparities among U.S. adults are well documented, there is limited information on how this success was shared among different population sub-groups. Based on data from the National Hea...
The low overall survival rates of patients with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are driven by regionally differing tumor biology, advanced tumor stages at diagnosis, and limited access to therapy. However, it is not known whether regional differences in the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) exist and affect patients’ prognos...
Background Cancer survivors have higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality than the general population but comprehensive data by race and ethnicity are limited.
Methods Data from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries were used to identify adults diagnosed with invasive cancer at ages ≥20 years from 2000 to 2018. CVD m...
Background Second primary cancer (SPC) burden is increasing in the US, but few studies comprehensively examined survival in persons diagnosed with SPCs in relation to survivors’ antecedent cancer types.
Methods Persons aged ≥20 years and diagnosed with one of the six most common SPCs (female breast, prostate, bladder, lung, colorectum, corpus uteri...
Purpose:
This study examined changes in patterns of cancer-related deaths during the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the United States.
Methods:
We identified cancer-related deaths, defined as deaths attributable to cancer as the primary cause (underlying cause) or deaths with cancer documented as one of the multiple contr...
This is the automatic google translate french translation of:
Islami, F., Poustchi, H., Pourshams, A., Khoshnia, M., Gharavi, A., Kamangar, F., ... & Malekzadeh, R. (2020). A prospective study of tea drinking temperature and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. International journal of cancer, 146(1), 18-25.
Background: Cancer is becoming a major public health problem and a leading cause of death in children worldwide. However, little is known about the epidemiology of childhood cancer in Ethiopia. This study, therefore, assessed childhood cancer incidence patterns in Addis Ababa using the Addis Ababa city population-based cancer registry data from 201...
Background Social isolation or living alone can negatively affect mental health, sleep quality, eating behavior, immunity, proinflammatory response to stress, and receipt of care in cancer patients (e.g., assistance with nutrition and mobility, emotional and informational support), which may increase the risk of death from cancer. Previous studies,...
Background: The burden of second primary cancers including secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is increasing in the United States; however, limited data exist regarding survival among individuals with sAML. This study aims to examine survival differences between sAML and AML arising de novo (dnAML) in relation to antecedent cancer types and the...
Introduction:
E-cigarette use increased between 2014 and 2018 among younger U.S. adults who had never smoked combustible cigarettes, potentially increasing nicotine addiction risk and progression to combustible tobacco products. It is unknown how prevalence changed after the E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury epidemic (late...
Importance:
There are few data on state variation in racial and ethnic disparities in incidence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the US, limiting the ability to inform state-level health policy developments toward breast cancer equity.
Objective:
To quantify between and within racial and ethnic disparities in TNBC incidence rates (IRs)...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society provides an update of CRC statistics based on incidence from population-based cancer registries and mortality from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, approximately 153,020 individuals will be diag...
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (i.e., estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-negative) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, more frequently diagnosed among non-Hispanic Black women than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. TNBC risk also varie...
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among US women across all racial/ethnic groups. Stage at diagnosis is one of the major factors determining breast cancer prognosis. The 5-year relative survival for breast cancer ranges from 99% for localized stage at diagnosis, to 84% for regional stage, and to 27% for distant (metastatic) stage...
This cross-sectional study compares self-reported smoking by adults before vs after prohibition of menthol-flavored cigarettes.
Purpose:
To examine whether cancer screening prevalence in the United States during 2021 has returned to prepandemic levels using nationally representative data.
Methods:
Information on receipt of age-eligible screening for breast (women age 50-74 years), cervical (women without a hysterectomy age 21-65 years), prostate (men age 55-69 years), an...
Recent guidelines from the American Cancer Society stress HPV vaccination series initiation at the youngest opportunity, i.e., age 9 years. There are limited data on the association between initiating HPV vaccination at ages 9-10 years and up-to-date (UTD) status. In this study, we compare nationally representative UTD HPV vaccination rates between...
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, 1,958,31...
Importance:
Individuals diagnosed with cancer have elevated suicide risks compared with the general population. National estimates of suicide risks among individuals with cancer are lacking in the US, and knowledge about risk factors is limited.
Objective:
To provide contemporary estimates of suicide risks associated with cancer and to identify...
Background
Previous studies have reported on incidence and mortality patterns for individual genitourinary cancers in the USA. However, these studies addressed individual cancer types rather than genitourinary cancers overall.
Objective
To comprehensively examine disparities and trends in the incidence and mortality for the four major genitourinar...
American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals are diverse culturally and geographically but share a high prevalence of chronic illness, largely because of obstacles to high-quality health care. The authors comprehensively examined cancer incidence and mortality among non-Hispanic AIAN individuals, compared with non-Hispanic White individuals...
Background:
We sought to examine the lack of paid sick leave among working cancer survivors by sociodemographic/socioeconomic and employment characteristics and its association with preventive services use in the United States.
Methods:
Working cancer survivors (ages 18-64 years; n=7,995; weighted n=3.43 million) were identified using 2001-2018...
Importance
Patterns of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation vary considerably across demographic groups in the US, but there is limited evidence on whether the hazards of smoking and benefits of quitting vary across these groups. Population-specific evidence on the benefits of quitting smoking may motivate cessation among groups historically und...
Background
Despite large geographical disparities in the prevalence of cigarette smoking across the USA, there is a paucity of state-level estimates of economic loss attributable to smoking to inform tobacco control policies at the national and state levels. We aimed to estimate the state-level economic loss attributable to cigarette smoking in the...
73
Background: Receipt of palliative care is a guideline-based practice but is low among patients with advanced cancer is low in the U.S. Lack of insurance is a major barrier to accessing palliative care. It is unknown, however, whether Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the associated increase in insurance coverage among in...
Introduction
Mortality disparities by SES, including education, have steadily increased in the U.S. over the past decades. This study examined whether these disparities overall and for 7 major causes of death were exacerbated in 2020, coincident with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Using data on 7,123,254 U.S. deaths from 2017 to 2...
Introduction
Community Health Centers provide comprehensive primary healthcare services to many underserved populations. It is unknown how routine preventive and chronic care services in Community Health Centers may have changed nationwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
The 2014–2020 Health Resources and Services Administration Uniform Data...
Background:
The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate to provide annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States.
Methods:
Data on new cancer diagnoses during 2001-2018 were obtained fr...
This cross-sectional study uses 2020 mortality data in the US to analyze deaths caused by cancer and COVID-19 in terms of demographic characteristics, cancer site, and place of death.
This cohort study examines changes in cigarette sales in Massachusetts and its bordering states following a comprehensive ban on menthol flavor in Massachusetts in 2020.
This article is the American Cancer Society’s update on female breast cancer statistics in the United States, including population‐based data on incidence, mortality, survival, and mammography screening. Breast cancer incidence rates have risen in most of the past four decades; during the most recent data years (2010–2019), the rate increased by 0....
Background:
Cancer survivors represent a population with high health care needs. If and how cancer survivors were affected by the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are largely unknown.
Methods:
Using data from the nationwide, population-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2017-2020), the authors investi...
State-specific information on lost earnings due to smoking-attributable cancer deaths to inform and advocate for tobacco control policies is lacking. We estimated person-years of life lost (PYLL) and lost earnings due to cigarette smoking-attributable cancer deaths in the United States nationally and by state. Proportions and numbers of cigarette s...
Importance:
Smoking cessation is an urgent public health priority given that smoking is associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes and other diseases. It is unknown how smoking cessation changed nationally during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objective:
To investigate changes in smoking cessation-related behaviors in the US during the C...
PURPOSE
Head and neck cancers are the third most common cancers treated with radiation in Ethiopia. There is, however, a lack of published data on clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment patterns of head and neck cancers in the country. The objective of the study was to assess clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment...
Previous studies using data from the early 2000s demonstrated that patients who were uninsured were more likely to present with late‐stage disease and had worse short‐term survival after cancer diagnosis in the United States. In this report, the authors provide comprehensive data on the associations of health insurance coverage type with stage at d...
Importance:
Health care was disrupted in the US during the first quarter of 2020 with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early reports in selected samples suggested that cancer screening services decreased greatly, but population-based estimates of cancer screening prevalence during 2020 have not yet been reported.
Objective:
To examine cha...
12014
Background: A cancer diagnosis is associated with substantial economic burden among cancer survivors and their families. Some families make sacrifices that adversely affect food, housing, and transportation to offset high out-of-pocket medical expenses. Cancer survivors with minor children may be particularly vulnerable to financial hardship,...
Introduction
It is unknown how U.S. adults’ relative harm perceptions of E-cigarettes versus cigarettes and associated behaviors changed during the E-cigarette or vaping product use‒associated lung injury epidemic (late 2019) and COVID-19 pandemic (since early 2020).
Methods
Data from cross-sectional nationally representative Health Information Na...
Community Health Centers (CHCs) primarily serve low-income and vulnerable patients. Breast cancer screening recently became a quality-of-care metric in the annual Uniform Data System (UDS) report, and this study examines the first year of breast cancer screening data among 1375 CHCs in the United States. Clinics with available screening data (n = 1...
Background
Eliminating health disparities among different segments of the US population is an overarching goal of the US Healthy People 2020 objectives.Objective
Examine changes in educational, rural-urban, and racial disparities in premature mortality during the past 10 years.Design and ParticipantsDescriptive analysis of US mortality data from 20...
The number of cancer survivors continues to increase in the United States due to the growth and aging of the population as well as advances in early detection and treatment. To assist the public health community in better serving these individuals, the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute collaborate triennially to estimate can...
12075
Background: Cancer survivors have an elevated risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether the risk differs by race/ethnicity and cancer type has not been fully explored in the U.S. Methods: Data from survivors of top 23 cancers diagnosed at ages 20 to 64 years during 2000-2018 were obtained from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and...
6581
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in delayed medical care that may have led to increased death rates in 2020 among people with medical conditions such as cancer. This study examined changes in cancer-related mortality between 2019 and 2020. Methods: We used the US 2019-2020 Multiple Cause of Death database f...
12119
Background: Individuals diagnosed with cancer have elevated suicide risk in the US, although little is known about risk associated with state of residence, health insurance coverage, or time since diagnosis by cancer types. This study used a recent national dataset to examine a wide range of patients’ sociodemographic and clinical factors tha...
Background:
Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is associated with increased insurance coverage among patients with cancer. Whether these gains translate to improved survival is largely unknown. This study examines changes in 2-year survival among patients newly diagnosed with cancer following the ACA Medicaid expansion.
Method...
Introduction
Many women in rural Ethiopia do not receive adjuvant therapy following breast cancer surgery despite the majority being diagnosed with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer and tamoxifen being available in the country. We aimed to compare a breast nurse intervention to improve adherence to tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patient...
Background:
A comprehensive examination of the incidence and mortality of subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors in the US is lacking.
Methods:
Cancer incidence and mortality among 170,404 ≥ 5-year cancer survivors aged 15-39 years at first primary cancer diagnosis during 1975-2013 in 9 Surveill...
Importance:
Black patients are less likely than White patients to receive guideline-concordant cancer care in the US. Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a potentially superior technology to photon radiotherapy for tumors with complex anatomy, tumors surrounded by sensitive tissues, and childhood cancers.
Objective:
To evaluate whether there are racial...
Background:
Cancer survivors frequently experience medical financial hardship in the United States. Little is known, however, about long-term health consequences. This study examines the associations of financial hardship and mortality in a large nationally representative sample of cancer survivors.
Methods:
We identified cancer survivors aged 1...
Importance:
Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a potentially superior technology to photon radiotherapy for tumors with complex anatomy, those surrounded by sensitive tissues, and childhood cancers.
Objective:
To assess patterns of use of PBT according to the present American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) clinical indications in the US.
Desig...
Uterine corpus cancer mortality is now similar to that for ovarian cancer, and the disproportionate burden among Black women is widening.
African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cance...
Objective
The aim of this study was to report the level and trends of 13 cancers that are attributable to excess body weight (EBW) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
The burden of cancers attributable to EBW was estimated from 1990 to 2019 based on the comparative risk assessment approach used in the Global Burden of Dise...
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes. Incidence data (through 2018) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and...
PURPOSE
To examine the association between historic state Medicaid income eligibility limits and long-term survival among patients with cancer.
METHODS
1,449,144 adults age 18-64 years newly diagnosed with 19 common cancers between 2010 and 2013 were identified from the National Cancer Database. States' Medicaid income eligibility limits were cate...
This cohort study examines whether cigarette sales changed after Massachusetts banned menthol-flavored tobacco products.
Background: Black patients are less likely than White patients in the US to receive guideline-concordant cancer care, including radiation therapy. Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) is a potentially superior technology to photon radiotherapy for the treatment of pediatric cancers, where decreasing late effects of radiation treatment is a main concern, and i...
Background: People who smoke have a higher risk of developing cancer and disproportionately lower incomes which worsens healthcare access and health outcomes. The Affordable Care Act expanded Medicaid eligibility to adults with income up to 138% of the federal poverty line. It is unknown if and how Medicaid expansions changed healthcare access, pre...
Background:
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, little is known about the actual therapy received by women with BC and their survival outcome at the population level in SSA. This study aims to describe the cancer-directed therapy received by patients with BC at the population level in SSA, compare the...