Ahmed Karmaoui

Université Moulay Ismail | UMI

Water, soil, plant, and animal are the main pillars that support global food security. Plants grow using nutrients from water and soil resources and then used by animals which affects them consequently. Water is the essential condition of life for all living beings and soil is its support and a crucial reservoir. The interactions between the Water-...

The future of agriculture may be fully realized using knowledge of artificial intelligence (AI) accumulated by human expertise. With increasing climate change and population pressure challenges, new technologies, such as AI and RS in vital sectors like agriculture is urgently required to assess agricultural suitability, optimize productivity, and t...

Draa oases are declared as a part of the biosphere reserve of Moroccan oases. These oases are agro-ecosystem dominated by the palm and fed by Draa Wadi, the longest in Morocco. Outside the oasis, the acacia trees and many pre-Saharan herbaceous species expand along the flooded areas and at the edges of temporary waterways. This desert vegetation cr...

Worldwide, the arid lands occupy one of the largest areas on Earth, covering more than 30% of the total area. In these lands, scarcity of resources has emerged as a consequence of climate change (CC) and anthropogenic pressure. The reduced resources require sustainable management, including the use of efficient methods and techniques to adapt to CC...

A bibliometric analysis and a short discussion of some solutions to global warming. The current chapter attempts to reassess the origin of global warming and proposes an effective human-scale solution. The bibliometric review reveals an increasing trend of indexed publications from 1936 to 2020. The trend analysis shows research turning towards top...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is well known for diverse applications in many fields including agriculture. The use of AI in the agricultural field has allowed for optimization in real-time and with less cost and effort. This chapter presents a bibliometric analysis of the future of AI in agriculture. This analysis was carried out using the online Sc...

Background: Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti is a widespread proven vector of Leishmania pathogens causing anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), due to L. tropica, in the old world. The activity of P. (Par.) sergenti is seasonal and sensitive to general variations in climate. Phenological data sets can thus provide a baseline for cont...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a smart technology that can make decisions in real-time and low effort in many fields including agriculture. The AI technologies are changing agriculture based on sensors and cameras. This chapter reports on a literature review of the global collaboration and trends on AI in agriculture field (AIA). A number of 2143...

Background: In North African countries, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a seasonal disease linked to Phlebotomus papatasi, Scopoli, 1786, the primary proven vector of L. major dynamics. Even if the disease is of public health importance, studies of P. papatasi seasonal dynamics are often local and dispersed in space and time. Therefore, a...

Wetlands provide a key service in an ecosystem such as providing resilience against drought and diverse habitats that support biodiversity. Because of their ephemeral character and their small size, however, these vulnerable ecosystems are declining rapidly as climate change continues to surge and human activities expand. Rational management of wet...

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The study investigates the land use and land cover (LULC) in Errachidia province (Pre-Saharan of Morocco) in the period 2005–2020. To this end, remote sensing (RS) tools such as LULC, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the normalized difference water index (NDWI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Gravity Recovery and Climate Exp...

The study investigates the land use and land cover (LULC) in Errachidia province (Pre-Saharan of Morocco) in the period 2005–2020. To this end, remote sensing (RS) tools such as LULC, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the normalized difference water index (NDWI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Gravity Recovery and Climate Exp...

The study investigates the land use and land cover (LULC) in Errachidia province (Pre-Saharan of Morocco) in the period 2005–2020. To this end, remote sensing (RS) tools such as LULC, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the normalized difference water index (NDWI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Gravity Recovery and Climate Exp...

Climate change (CC) is a significant concern for many climate-sensitive socioeconomic sectors, such as agriculture and food production. The current study aimed at analyzing the current vulnerability of the Moroccan agricultural sector to CC and anthropogenic impact and identifying the relevant vulnerability factors in the Beni Mellal-Khénifra regio...

Abstract This study intentions to appraise the rela- tive vulnerability of the trachoma disease in some provinces of the pre-Sahara of Morocco. In this region, numerous socio-ecological risk factors of this illness yield the appropriate conditions to its preva- lence. A multivariate method is needed to estimate and compare the vulnerability to this...

Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids has the potential to be applied in resource-limited areas for the detection of infectious agents, as it does not require complex nucleic purification steps or specific and expensive equipment and reagents to perform the reaction and read the result. Since human and animal infections by pathogens of the Tryp...

The fezouata shale is recently discovered, which plays a role in the review of ancient major geological events (biodiversification and extinction). The discovery of this biota has been the subject of a great deal of research. Few studies worldwide dealt with bibliometric analysis in the geological field. The main objective of this paper is to evalu...

Pakistan has become a highly vulnerable country with considerable exposure to climate change. Over the past few decades, Pakistan has endured many severe floods, droughts, and storms. However, limited research was conducted into farmers' perspectives towards climate change vulnerability, risk perceptions, and adaptation measures at the farm level i...

Water is the main ecosystem service that supports the oasis system. Middle Draa Valley is an oasis zone located in the south of Morocco. The water availability in this area is the key element of vegetation cover change. This change added to other factors can cause some parasitic diseases. The zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of these disease...

Landsat time-series with 10-year intervals from 1991 to 2021 were used to extract information on land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Ternata oasis over the past thirty years by using maximum likelihood classification (MLC) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). MLC maps were classified in five LULC classes: cultivated land...

Rodents play a significant role in the balance of a terrestrial ecosystem; they are considered prey for many predators like owls and snakes. However, they present a high risk to agriculture (damaging crops) and health. These rodents are the main reservoirs of some vector-borne diseases like leishmaniasis. Meriones shawi (MS) and Psammomys obesus (P...

Leishmanioses are of public health concern in Morocco, mainly the Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) endemic in the Moroccan pre-Saharian area. Transmission of this disease depends on eco-epidemiological and socio-economic conditions. Therefore, a multivariable approach is required to delineate the risk and intensity of transmission. This will...

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The argan tree is exclusively endemic in the drylands of Southwest Morocco, an agroecosystem of great ecological, cultural, and economic importance. The argan agroecosystem is already damaged. It is particularly vulnerable to climate change as well as the harsh natural conditions aggravated by the current population growth and the exploitation in e...

The incidence of emergence diseases including vector borne diseases, water diseases, and some physiologic impairment is considered sensitive to climate. Malaria, leishmaniasis, dengue, and viral encephalitis are among those diseases most influenced by climate. Variation in the incidence of vector borne diseases is associated with extreme weather ev...

Several countries are associated with the long-term ecological research (LTER) program, while others are in the process of joining the network. In Morocco, there is an urgent need to be a member of this network because the diversity of challenges associated with the various ecosystems requires multidisciplinary long-term studies. The chapter discus...

The floods are among the most dangerous extreme events. They have affected a large part of the world population. Studies on this topic are needed to understand the phenomenon and prevent the damages. In this context, a new composite indicator was proposed and applied in the Moroccan High Atlas, which is the largest mountain in the Middle East and N...

The cultivation of watermelons has been a fast growing agriculture industry in the arid, desert regions of Morocco, relying on groundwater pumping and transformation of rangelands to farms due to growing demand for the fruit in national and international markets. This study aims to measure the impact of watermelon expansion on groundwater resources...

Drought and desertification have a significant impact on socio-ecological systems throughout the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this context, the impact of desertification and drought was analyzed in the pre-Sahara of Morocco. Additionally , a new conceptual framework combining various variables under the context of drought a...

Abstract Drought and desertification have a significant impact on socio-ecological systems throughout the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this context, the impact of desertification and drought was analyzed in the pre-Sahara of Morocco. Additionally, a new conceptual framework combining various variables under the context of...

Drought and desertification have a significant impact on socio-ecological systems throughout the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this context, the impact of desertification and drought was analyzed in the pre-Sahara of Morocco. Additionally, a new conceptual framework combining various variables under the context of drought an...

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Some epidemiological and ecological aspects of Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Ouarzazate province, southern Morocco, were explored with the objective of analyzing ZCL distribution and associated ecological factors. Information on cutaneous leishmaniasis patients attending the local health centers of Ouarzazate during the period 2002–2009...

The chapter highlights the importance of the concept of "ecological sanitation" (Ecosan) in environmental education. It also describes the implementation and management of the "Ecosan" project in several primary and middle schools and explores the lessons learned from reusing organic waste to promote sustainability in arid communities in the southe...

Due to the increasing trend of international interest in education for climate change and the environment, there has been an increase of research in the area. There is a current question on what the best methods and tools are for integrating climate change education and sustainability into school programs. These educational methods can create the d...

Moroccan Pre-Saharan zone is an oasis system, which it is characterized by extreme events, like drought and flood. The flood risks will likely increase in frequency and magnitude due to global and regional climate change. Flood tends to have an important impact on isolated and poor regions such as oasis regions. This extreme event impacts are seen...

The Ourika watershed is characterized by higher than average flood flows, a rugged topography , a sparse vegetation cover and a friable substrate that makes it vulnerable to soil erosion. Soil is an important non-renewable asset capital, providing several ecosystem services that sustain life through physical and biological regulation processes. The...

The argan tree is exclusively endemic in the drylands of Southwest Morocco, an agroecosystem of great ecological, cultural, and economic importance. The argan agroecosystem is already damaged. It is particularly vulnerable to climate change as well as the harsh natural conditions aggravated by the current population growth and the exploitation in e...

Climate change is expected to influence several productive sectors, the most significant of which is agriculture. Agriculture comprises an important sector of the global economy that includes crops, livestock, and seafood. Agriculture, aquaculture, and fisheries are closely linked to the climate, with changes in climatic conditions able to drastica...

PurposeThe activity of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli, a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis, is known to be seasonal, but the information describing these patterns is sparse in time and space. The purpose of his paper is to conduct a meta-analysis to depict the seasonality of P. papatasi at the global scale.Methods The current paper uses data from a c...

Climate change and environmental pollution remain two primary areas of concern in today’s world. These detrimental influences continue to have a strong impact on various aspects of humanity, specifically public health in tropical regions. Researchers have seen neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affected by climate change and anthropogenic impacts....

Floods are highly relevant extreme events with increasing frequency at a global scale. They remain among the most dangerous and complex natural disasters in middle and low-income countries. In this context, it is necessary to develop decision-support tools to reduce the flood risk and increase the resilience. The chapter reviews one of the most rel...

The Ziz Watershed is located in the arid zones of South-Eastern Morocco and belongs to the large basin of Ziz-Rheris. In this basin, floods are related to natural factors and mainly to the occupation of the hydraulic public domain and the human intervention on the courses of the rivers. Increases in sediment yield are observed in many places in the...

The current chapter deals with one of the most neglected tropical diseases in Morocco, the cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is based on 10-year research (2010-2017) on the evolution of leishmaniasis taking climate change into account. Epidemiological and climatological data were collected from different administrations. The Geographic Information System...

In 2009, the Moroccan Ministry of Health in collaboration with the World Health Organization confirmed that the transmission of schistosomiasis had ceased in all previously endemic provinces of Morocco. This achievement couldn't have been achieved without the effective participation and engagement of local communities. In this chapter, studies of c...

Ecosystem management requires biophysical and socioeconomic measurement. The intervention of the government and the local community in order to combat the degradation of ecosystems must take into account the effects of the environmental hazards. This can reinforce the inhabitants' ability to adapt at local level. The impact on ecosystem and resourc...

Each year, floods cause an enormous amount of global economic and social damage, impacting transportation systems, water supplies, agriculture, and health. Response management to catastrophic floods require increased measures involving integrated planning, adaptation, and recovery strategies in order to protect against human loss. Decision Support...

Background Worldwide, the arid regions have been experiencing cyclical droughts and devastation due to land desertification. A multi-criteria approach was proposed to establish the relationship between these pressures and assess their impact on the socio-economical, physical, and biological resources. This method was applied at local scale in the p...

Water is the main ecosystem service that supports the oasis system. Middle Draa Valley is an oasis zone located in the south of Morocco. The water availability in this area is the key element of vegetation cover change. This change added to other factors can cause some parasitic diseases. The zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of these disease...

This chapter presents an analysis of the seasonal activity of the Phlebotomus papatasi (leishmaniasis vector) through a correlation between its monthly activity and the monthly meteorological parameters. Three sites from three leishmaniasis endemic countries were used Morocco, Iran, and Greece. The high density of P. papatasi was observed in May in...

Several countries are associated with the long-term ecological research (LTER) program, while others are in the process of joining the network. In Morocco, there is an urgent need to be a member of this network because the diversity of challenges associated with the various ecosystems requires multidisciplinary long-term studies. The chapter discus...

The incidence of emergence diseases including vector borne diseases, water diseases, and some physi-ologic impairment is considered sensitive to climate. Malaria, leishmaniasis, dengue, and viral encepha-litis are among those diseases most influenced by climate. Variation in the incidence of vector borne diseases is associated with extreme weather...

In this paper, the impact of climate change on water demand in the Middle Draa Valley (south of Morocco) has been analyzed. The study is based on the outputs of two software runs under socio-economical and climate change scenarios. The Statistical downscaling models (SDSM) that allow the observation of climate change at local level were used. The o...

South east of Morocco is one of the biggest cutaneous leishmaniasis disease foci. Despite its non-lethality, this disease causes several socioeconomic and psychological impacts. This disease has lots of risk factors. Some of these are related to the environmental change, and others are linked to the demographic and socio-economical system. The inte...

The Mediterranean basin (MB) connects the south with the north and the East (Europe, Africa & Asia). It is a highly heterogeneous region where natural and anthropogenic activities interact in complex ways with climate variability. Climate change (CC) impacts are already defined on the Mediterranean. That is why the time has come to formulate a long...

Water, energy, food and climate are strongly interconnected spheres ranging from ensuring access to resources and services, to environmental and social impacts. Such interwoven concerns become even more relevant in drylands and oasis communities in developing countries where resources are already scarce and people are considered to be among the mos...

Moroccan Pre-Saharan zone is an oasis system, which it is characterised by extreme events, like drought and flood. The flood risks will likely increases in frequency and magnitude due to global and regional climate change. Flood tends to have an important impact on isolated and poor regions such as oasis regions. This paper aims the analysis of app...

The Mediterranean basin (MB) connects the south with the north and the East (Europe, Africa & Asia).It is a highly heterogeneous region where natural and anthropogenic activities interact in complex ways with climate variability. Climate change (CC) impacts are already defined on the Mediterranean. That is why the time has come to formulate a long-...

The oasean rangelands surrounding and the scattered steppic area, is commonly viewed as degraded landscapes. The dynamics of oasean ecosystems is indeed affected by human and climatic disturbances and stresses which induce desertification processes. In this context, the objectives of this research are to identify and quantify ecosystem services as...

Changes in the Environmental Vulnerability of Oasean System (desert oasis), Pilot Study in Middle Draa Valley, Morocco In the last thirty years, the oasean system has seen an important environmental disturbance. This change is caused by the human intervention and climate change. An integrated monitoring and a best oasean management require the iden...

The oases of the Draa are part of the biosphere reserve recognized by UNESCO, 2000. These oases are agro systems located in the Saharan region of southern Morocco. They are the main sources of livelihood of the indigenous population. The sustainability of the oasean system for centuries has made him a rich and resilient ecosystem. Despite its aridi...

In this paper, we analyze different aspects and indicators for assessing environmental vulnerability in Upper Draa Valley (pre-Sahara of Morocco). We began this study by realization of a detailed qualitative analysis based on the calculations of 50 indicators of the environmental vulnerability index (EVI), which is developed by Stockholm Environmen...

Dryland and oasis communities in developing countries are considered to be among the most threatened by climate change impacts and the consequences of increasing human pressure on the environment. For centuries nomads and oasis communities have been demonstrating their adaptive capacities and resilience by coping with tough environmental conditions...