Ahmed Bilal Awan

Ajman University · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Coordinated energy scheduling and management strategies in the energy hub plan are essential to achieve optimal economic performance. In this paper, the scheduling and management framework of an energy hub (EH) is presented with the aim of energy profit maximization in partnership with electricity, natural gas, and district heating networks (EGHNs)...

A battery-swapping station (BSS) can serve as a flexible source in distribution systems, since electric vehicle (EV) batteries can be charged at different time periods prior to their swapping at a BSS. This paper presents an EV battery service transformation from charging to swapping batteries for EVs for the capacity enhancement of a distribution...

Many remote areas remain off the grid and are disconnected from the mainstream power network due to congestion in the existing power networks and expensive expansion plans. In recent studies, microgrid installations appeared as one of the most feasible solutions for power system expansion. This research study develops a two-way (M to G), where the...

A power electronic interface using four ports to interconnect the solar photovoltaic panels, wind generator, battery, and DC microgrid is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter employs a two-winding transformer to interface 380 V of the DC microgrid with all the other three ports, namely, the solar port, wind port, and battery port, which h...

Low-delay video coding systems are becoming more and more popular with each passing year. However, due to huge size of video data, raw video transmission is not possible, and compression is required. High efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard is able to compress videos at half the bitrate as compared to the previous standard. However, HEVC is ext...

Variable voltage and frequency are required to govern the torque-speed characteristics of many industrial drive systems. Traditionally, this is achieved with a power converting system implemented with multistage converters. This technology is based on rectifying AC power into DC and then DC into AC with an inverter circuit. The power quality concer...

The focus of this research is to design a ground-mounted photovoltaic system at optimal tilt angle and interrow space to meet high demand of electrical energy. The Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, GC University Faisalabad has been considered to perform the simulation test. This study is conducted using Meteonorm software for sol...

The Middle East and North Africa can exploit solar energy resources and export them to Europe and South Asia for a sustainable future of the world. A high voltage direct current (HVDC) multi-terminal transmission grid is employed in this research to export solar energy to South Asia from the Middle East and from North Africa to Europe. The 4 GW HVD...

Solar energy is one of the most abundant and widely available renewable energy sources. It can be harnessed using photovoltaic panels on top of buildings to reduce dependence on the electrical grid and to achieve the status of net-zero energy building. However, the rooftop coverage by solar panels can modify the heat interface between the roof surf...

Nations of the Middle East could readily transform themselves from the world’s major oil exporters to significant exporters of solar-generated energy, according to modelling by researchers in Saudi Arabia and the UAE1 . This bold vision could reduce the region’s reliance on oil and gas, while providing a clean and sustainable alternative. The analy...

In this work, an improved approach to enhance the training performance of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for prediction of the output of renewable energy systems is proposed. Using the proposed approach, a significant reduction of the Mean Squared Error (MSE) in training performance is achieved, specifically from 4.45 × 10−7 to 3.19 × 10−10. Mo...

With the advent of 3D video technology and ultra-high-definition (UHD) displays, traditional video coding methods and network/transport protocols seem to fail. This necessitates optimizations at multiple levels and layers: codec-level, system-level, and different layers in the TCP/IP suite. We critically analyze various protocols at different layer...

The induction heating process at a domestic level is getting attention nowadays as this power converting topology ensures clean, reliable, flexible, and fast operation. The low input frequency is converted to required regulated high output frequency with indirect and direct power converting approaches. The circuit and control complexity and high co...

In this work optimization of the parabolic trough (PT) based concentrated solar power (CSP) system is analyzed for solar energy export from Saudi Arabia to European and Asian countries based on their peak load hours. Initially, Al-Ahsa, in east, and Tabuk, in the west, are compared for a PT based CSP plant for electrical energy generation as these...

Fixed tilted, single‐axis tracking, and dual‐axis tracking PV system are compared for one‐way energy meters and net‐energy meters. Optimization of tilt angle and azimuth angle based on load profile in one‐way energy meters enhances the net present value. The higher energy demands of summer can be met by lower tilt angles while the PV energy peak ca...

Solar energy can be harnessed by direct conversion of solar energy to electrical energy by using photovoltaic (PV) technology or with the help of thermodynamic cycle by using concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies. The goal of this paper is to perform detailed comparative analysis for the two solar technologies namely: PV and dish Stirling eng...

Developing countries are facing electrical energy shortage problems. These nations are adopting load shedding to protect their national grids from instabilities. In this research, load shedding is analyzed where customers opt for the use of uninterrupted power supplies (UPS) and store energy in batteries. It is found that Pakistan has wasted 7117 G...

Most of the traditional PID tuning methods are heuristic in nature. The heuristic approach-based tuned PID controllers show only nominal performance. In addition, in the case of a digital redesign approach, mapping of the heuristically-designed continuous-time PID controllers into discrete-time PID controllers and in case of the direct digital desi...

The aim of this research is to design, optimize, and evaluate the performance of the solar tower (ST) power plant. The plant is initially designed for solar multiple (SM) of 2, tower height of 190 m and 10 h of full load thermal energy storage (TES). The initial design of the plant is optimized for number of full load storage hours, tower height an...

This paper presents a soft-switching circuit of a three-phase inverter for servomotor driver. The soft switching is achieved using an auxiliary quasi-resonant circuit on the DC link. The principal of operation and design steps are described in details. Soft-switching operation condition is validated in this circuit by means of simulations and exper...

Solar energy is an auspicious renewal energy source because of its abundant availability and its flexibility to be converted into heat or into electricity. Concentrated solar power technologies are promising units for producing electricity in large scale applications and parabolic trough solar collector is the most matured technology for these plan...

This study presents the multidisciplinary studies and combined different types of work in an approach intended to solve the research problems including (i) the synthesis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-nanofibers using the electrospinning method; (ii) characterization of the produced nanofi-bers using scanning electron microscopy, microscopic characteri...

Conventional fossil-fuel energy resources are being drastically depleted; thus, the current shift towards renewable energy (RE) resources has become imperative. However, there are many impediments to the adoption of renewable power generation. These impediments can be overcome by enacting policies to encourage the acceptance of sustainable energy r...

This work presents a lightweight and minimally invasive cooling system design with forced water cooling, which can improve photovoltaic (PV) system performance by thoroughly reducing the temperature of its solar cells. This design is an improved version of traditional PV-thermal cooling systems that are bulky and mostly limited to land-based applic...

The aim of this research is to perform an in-depth performance comparison of ground-mounted and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. The PV modules are tilted to receive maximum solar irradiance. The efficiency of the PV system decreases due to the mutual shading impact of parallel tilted PV modules. The mutual shading decreases with the increasing i...

The assurance of astounding requirements and system specifications requires a tremendous exertion and requires semantically incorporated prerequisites. Particularly when utilizing diverse portrayals of requirements, the semantic integration is very troublesome. The present prerequisites management tools incorporate requirements just syntactically a...

The increasing penetration of Microgrids (MGs) into existing power systems and “plug and play” capability of Distributed Generators (DGs) causes large overshoots and settling times along with various power quality issues such as voltage and frequency flickers, current harmonics and short current transients. In this context, over the past few years,...

PV estimation in an urban environment requires detection of rooftop area, design of PV system based on optimization on PV placement distance and the study of additional benefit of lower cooling load of building by shading provided by PV panels. The study is aimed at policymakers to introduce renewable energy policy towards net-zero energy buildings...

This paper compares two main technologies of solar to electrical energy conversion, namely solar tower (ST) and photovoltaic (PV). For a fair comparison, a 100 MW same sized ST and PV plants are designed for a region with very good direct normal irradiance (DNI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI). The initial design of the ST plant is optimized...

Due to the impediments of voltage source inverter and current source inverter, Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) has become notorious for better power quality in low and medium power applications. Several modifications are proposed for impedance source in the form of Quasi Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) and Neutral Point Clamped Z-Source Inverter (NPCZSI). However...

Around the world, countries are integrating photovoltaic generating systems to the grid to support climate change initiatives. However, solar power generation is highly uncertain due to variations in solar irradiance level during different hours of the day. Inaccurate modelling of this variability can lead to non-optimal dispatch of system resource...

Due to the impediments of voltage source inverter and current source inverter, Z-SourceInverter (ZSI) has become notorious for better power quality in low and medium power applications.Several modifications are proposed for impedance source in the form of Quasi Z-Source Inverter(QZSI) and Neutral Point Clamped Z-Source Inverter (NPCZSI). However, d...

Due to the impediments of voltage source inverter and current source inverter, Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) has become notorious for better power quality in low and medium power applications. Several modifications are proposed for impedance source in the form of Quasi Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) and Neutral Point Clamped Z-Source Inverter (NPCZSI). However...

Voltage sags and swells are the major problems of the power distribution system that arise due to uneven distribution of the single-phase and nonlinear loads. They severely degrade the power quality and may cause the failure of the equipment at the user’s side. The voltage sag and swell issues are compensated by operating the AC voltage controllers...

Induction heating (IH) is an environmentally friendly solution for heating and melting processes. The required high-frequency magnetic field is accomplished through frequency controllers. Direct frequency controllers (DFC) are preferred to dual converters as they have low conversion losses, compact size, and simple circuit arrangement due to low co...

Owing to the superior transient and steady-state performance of the fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller over its conventional counterpart, this paper exploited its application in an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. Since the FOPID controller contains two more control parameters (µ and í µí¼†) as compared to...

Owing to the superior transient and steady-state performance of the fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller over its conventional counterpart, this paper exploited its application in an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. Since the FOPID controller contains two more control parameters (µ and λ) as compared to the...

This paper presents an intelligent voltage controller designed on the basis of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for a flyback converter (FC) working in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The union of fuzzy logic (FL) and adaptive neural networks (ANN) makes ANFIS more robust against model parameters' uncertainties and perturbations i...

The GDP of Pakistan is deteriorating by power shortage. The floating PV on lakes and dams can address this problem by generating energy at cheaper rates and reducing evaporation of water at the same time. A criterion is selected to find the best location based on available solar resources, nearby load, storage of land, and performance parameters su...

The fault diagnosis and control through fault detection, isolation and supply restoration (FDIR) technique is the part of a commonly used distribution management system application in smart grid. When the fault occurs, it becomes essential to detect and isolate the faulty section of the distribution network at once and then restore back to its runn...

The fault diagnosis and control through fault detection, isolation and supply restoration (FDIR) technique is the part of a commonly used distribution management system application in smart grid. When the fault occurs, it becomes essential to detect and isolate the faulty section of the distribution network at once and then restore back to its runn...

Power system operation with proper planning is an utmost task for enhancing the economy of the country. The Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) plays an important task for secure, reliable and optimal operations of power system. ORPD is a complex, non-linear, non-convex, non-continuous and multi-model problem which involves discrete as well as c...

Microgrids provide promising solution for integration of renewable energy sources in the electrical grid. To exploit the key benefits, achieving the economical operation of renewable aided microgrids has become necessary and is a challenging task. This paper presents an efficient optimization model to minimize the operational cost of a solar integr...

Saudi Arabia’s energy consumption currently relies on crude oil and other fossil fuels. The country is also the world’s largest exporter of oil, possessing around 18 percent of the global proven petroleum reserves. Although fossil fuels currently account for 70 percent of the Kingdom’s export earnings, experts have also identified solar power as a...

High energy utilization per capita and the country's gross domestic product (GDP) dependence on oil exports are the major problems of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Abundant solar energy resources available in the country can help KSA to diversify its GDP. In this work, the photovoltaic (PV) energy outputs of KSA are compared with the potential...

Solar energy can be exploited to produce electrical energy by two main methods; one by using photovoltaic (PV) panels to directly convert the sun’s light into electrical energy and the other by using thermodynamic cycle with the help of concentrated solar power (CSP) approach to convert the heat of the sun into electricity. The objective of this re...

Electrolytic capacitors have large capacity, low price, and fast charge/discharge characteristics. Therefore, they are widely used in various power conversion devices. These electrolytic capacitors are mainly used for temporary storage and voltage stabilization of DC energy and have recently been used in the renewable energy field for linking AC/DC...

The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of the rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system, taking into account its shading impact on the rooftop surface and the eventual cooling load of the building. This paper tests three approaches of the rooftop PV system: zero tilt angle flat PV configuration; PV configuration with a monthly adjusted ti...

Solar energy can be exploited by two main methods to produce electrical energy, by means of photovoltaic (PV) panels to directly convert the sunlight into electrical energy and by using thermodynamic cycle with the help of concentrated solar power (CSP) approach to convert the heat of the sun into electricity. The objective of this research is to d...

This work aims to design and evaluate the performance of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) for the newly proposed grand city NEOM in Saudi Arabia. The average value of wind speed and Global Horizontal Irradiance at the proposed location are 4.86 m/s and 6.43 kWh/m ² per day, respectively. The various mixtures and sizes of photovoltaic (PV) ar...

The aim of this research is to analyze the techno-economic performance of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) using batteries, pumped hydro-based, and hydrogen-based storage units at Sharurah, Saudi Arabia. The simulations and optimization process are carried out for nine HRES scenarios to determine the optimum sizes of components for each scenar...

In this paper, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to find optimum size of the photovoltaic (PV) array and energy storage unit (ESU) for PV grid‐connected charging system (in office workplace) for electric vehicles (EV). It is designed in such a way that the EVs are charged at a fixed price (rather than time‐of‐use price) without incurrin...

This research work presents shading of building in hot and dry climate areas using rooftop photovoltaic arrays. Electrical power generation using photovoltaic arrays helps in reducing dependency on the utility grid. Areas with high intensities of solar radiation for a longer duration of time create high daily temperature. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabi...

Hot areas of the world receive a high amount of solar radiation. As a result, buildings in those areas consume more energy to maintain a comfortable climate for their inhabitants. In an effort to design net-zero energy building in hot climates, PV possesses the unique advantage of generating electrical energy while protecting the building from sola...

Photovoltaic (PV) power grid-connected systems have the advantages of being prompt and reliable supplies of electrical power. Nevertheless, the installation and operation requirements from the grid side have to be fulfilled in order to guarantee the security of the PV system technicians and the efficiency of the power system. Particularly, the pote...

In this paper, we study the energy management techniques in the smart grid with multiple energy providers. We seek to minimize the electricity cost. In this paper, the desired objectives are achieved through scheduling of different consumers to different utilities at different time slots. We consider a practical system where multiple users can be a...

Developing a low-cost power converter for small-scale wind turbine systems using permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) is one of the hot topics in the wind power generation research. Using minimum number of switches with high efficiency is the target of this proposal. The proposed converter consists of six-switches in the generator and gri...

The Middle East is one among the areas of the world that receive high amounts of direct solar radiation. As such, the region holds a promising potential to leverage clean energy. Owing to rapid urbanization, energy demands in the region are on the rise. Along with the global push to curb undesirable outcomes such as air pollution, emissions of gree...

According to Vision 2030, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) plans to harness 9.5 GW of energy from renewable energy sources, which includes a major part of solar PV generation. This massive implementation of solar projects requires an accurate assessment and analysis of solar resource data and PV site selection. This paper presents a detailed ana...

The problem of energy security, increasing prices of energy, the aspect of environmental pollution and depletion of the known fuel reserves in future have created a scope for utilization of renewable resources. Increasing prices of fossil fuels and costs associated with emissions may affect the economy of a country severely. Similarly, fossil fuels...

Depletion of fossil fuels in near future and accumulation of their emissions in the environment have attracted the world's attention to utilize renewable resources of energy. Oil and gas are the two main sources of power generation in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The problem of energy security, the aspect of environmental pollution and depletion of the...

Power system stability is affected by different variations like over/under voltage, current, and frequency. Among these, frequency is highly sensitive parameter which should be controlled in a sophisticated manner in order to ensure smooth system's operation. This paper presents a brief review of Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) schemes and a S...

Energy plays a pivotal role for the economic development of a country. A reliable source of energy is needed to improve the living standard of people. Today, industrial progress plays a vital role in the development of any country but the industrial progress depends on reliable supply of electricity. However, Pakistan is passing through an energy c...

A new method using energetic dynamic specifications, is proposed in this paper to study the stability of a cascaded electric system. To apply this method, a new modeling based on energetic variables, is introduced. Contrary to classical approach for which voltages and currents are the state variables, we propose to use electrostatic energies and po...

La stabilité est un facteur très important dans tous les modes de fonctionnement pour un Système à Puissance Distribué (SPD). En SPD, les charges sont connectées au bus DC à travers d'un filtre entré LC. La plupart des charges de SPD d'avions présents une caractéristique de charge à puissance constante dans un domaine de fonctionnement dans laquell...

In this paper, an oscillation compensation technique is proposed to improve the stability margin of an electrical system constituted by a dc power supply, an LC filter, and a constant power load. This is realized here by an actuator (inverter-permanent-magnet synchronous motor). To design the compensator, input impedance of the constant power load...