Ahmad Baik

King Abdulaziz University · Faculty of Architecture and Planning

Preserving historical architectural structures is crucial for safeguarding cultural heritage. This study explores the application of Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to enhance the documentation process of the Ghiqa Historical Market in Saudi Arabia, a monument known for its intricate architecture and cultural significance. Traditiona...

Building information modeling (BIM) can greatly improve the management and planning of historic building conservation projects. However, implementing BIM in the heritage has many challenges, including issues with modeling irregular features, surveying data occlusions, and a lack of predefined libraries of parametric objects. Indeed, surface feature...

Building information modeling (BIM) has recently become more popular in historical buildings as a method to rebuild their geometry and collect relevant information. Heritage BIM (HBIM), which combines high-level data about surface conditions, is a valuable tool for conservation decision-making. However, implementing BIM in heritage has its challeng...

Call for Papers: Laser Scanning 2025 @ ISPRS Geospatial Week The 13th edition of the #ISPRS Laser Scanning Workshop will take place within the Geospatial Week in Dubai, 6-11 April 2025. Find all info here: https://gsw2025.ae/laser-scanning-2025/ The workshop covers various aspects of space-borne, airborne, mobile and terrestrial laser scanning i...

This paper investigates the utilisation of heritage building information modelling (BIM) in order to improve the architectural heritage documentation process at Ad Deir, a significant historical building within the UNESCO World Heritage site of Petra, Jordan. Ad Deir, also known as ‘The Monastery’, requires accurate and complete documentation for i...

The historic district of Jeddah city has a unique traditional building structural system known as the Hijazi style. The structure system of historic Jeddah buildings is based on load-bearing walls and through a unique horizontal load distribution wooden system known as the "Tkalil" system. Moreover, exact identification of this Hijazi building styl...

The study highlights the significance of combining imaging and laser scanning techniques to enrich point clouds used for reliable documentation and Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM). The fusion-based approach was used to document Al Ula Heritage site in Saudi Arabia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with well-preserved tombs from the first...

Modeling of Sea Level Variation (SLV) is a complicated phenomenon owing to multiple factors that happen at different spatial and temporal scales. Thus, this paper presents an innovative multistep interdependent framework based on Wavelet Transformation (WT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for SLV prediction. A wavelet time-frequency app...

To overcome the data limitations of wave and environmental characteristics for estimating the significant wave height (Hs), this study investigates the use of an available dataset for wave characteristics to predict a long-term period of Hs for the Red Sea. A novel soft-computing approach is designed for the time-series prediction of Hs using the t...

Citation: Alshawabkeh, Y.; Baik, A.; Fallatah, A. As-Textured As-Built BIM Using Sensor Fusion, Zee Ain Historical Village as a Case Study. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 5135. https://

Today, moving from a two-dimensional environment to a more advanced interactive three- dimensional (3D) environment in the industries of architecture, engineering, and construction has become one of the most significant topics of interest. This is due to several primary advantages that the 3D environment can offer. Building information modeling (BI...

Citation: Alshawabkeh, Y.; Baik, A.; Miky, Y. Integration of Laser Scanner and Photogrammetry for Heritage BIM Enhancement. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, 316. https://

There are multiple methods available for documenting heritage buildings that have significant cultural importance in the society. However, selection of a particular method varies from one technique to another according to the requirements of documenting the heritage buildings. Generally, most organizations depend on financial supports to be able to...

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought immense challenges to the natural and built environment to develop an antivirus-enabled model for reducing potential risks of spreading the virus at varied scales such as buildings, neighborhoods, and cities. Spatial configurations of structures may hinder or assist the spread of viruses in the built...

The main aim of this book is to develop and explore the value of new innovative digital content to help satisfy UNESCO’s World Heritage nomination file requirements. Through a detailed exploration of two BIM case studies from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, the book uniquely connects the use of Heritage BIM to the documentation methods used by UNESCO and de...

Many BIM experts agree that employing BIM for new construction is an easy task. However, applying BIM to existing construction will be difficult but is more suitable for heritage buildings cases. These heritage buildings have unique façades and architectural vocabulary, which are of special interest. Furthermore, studying these architecture heritag...

Cultural heritage has a great and inestimable value for communities. Unfortunately, several historical monuments are under deteriorating conditions mainly due to the lack of knowledge about their historical importance. Hence, it is necessary to provide efficient solutions to preserve these monuments. An effective approach for the preservation of cu...

This paper considers the potential of using the documentation approach proposed for the heritage buildings in Historic Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (as a case study) by using the close-range photogrammetry / the Architectural Photogrammetry techniques as a new academic experiment in digital architectural heritage education. Moreover, different than most of...

Since the UNESCO constitution was established in 1945, and since the global convention for the protection of the World’s Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972, a variety of challenges and issues have emerged in relation to providing UNESCO world heritage nomination files (WHNF). The UNESCO World Heritage have published a resource manual to help wit...

As with many historical buildings around the world, building façades are of special interest; moreover, the details of such windows, stonework, and ornaments give each historic building its individual character. Each object of these buildings must be classified in an architectural object library. Recently, a number of researches have been focusing...

The heritage buildings in historic Jeddah City face serious issues related to their management, conservation, documentation and monitoring of this important building sector. In recent years, incorporation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and heritage recording have been presented as Heritage BIM 'HBIM', which is now a technique used to deal...

One of the most important topics over last decade is the sustainability in the design and building industry. Recently, many types of research have been done and focusing on using new friendly materials, which can provide sustainability for design and buildings sectors. However, many of historical building around the worldwide are a great example of...

Historical Jeddah, one of the most important historical sites in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, has had a long history since it became the main gateway for the hajjis. The city contains many historical monuments founded more than 100 years ago, such as the Nasif House, which was built in 1881. However, the historical monuments in Jeddah face serious issu...

The topic of how the municipality of Jeddah can document, produce and preserve complete engineering information and drawings for historical buildings is one of the most important issues facing the Historic Jeddah district in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The concept of using a remote collection of survey data with Architectural Photogrammetry and Te...

This work outlines a new approach for the integration of 3D Building Information Modelling and the 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) to provide semantically rich models, and to get the benefits from both systems to help document and analyse cultural heritage sites. Our proposed framework is based on the Jeddah Historical Building Information M...

Historical Jeddah, one of the most important historical sites in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, has had a long history since it became the main gateway for the hajjis. The city contains many historical monuments founded more than 100 years ago, such as the Nasif House, which was built in 1881. However, the historical monuments in Jeddah face serious issu...

The theory of using Building Information Modelling "BIM" has been used in several Heritage places in the worldwide, in the case of conserving, documenting, managing, and creating full engineering drawings and information. However, one of the most serious issues that facing many experts in order to use the Historical Building Information Modelling "...

The historic city of Jeddah faces serious issues in the documentation, conservation, and recording of its valuable building stock. Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Architectural Photogrammetry have already been used in many Heritage sites in the world. The integration of heritage recording and Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been introduced...

The historic city of Jeddah faces serious issues in the conservation, documentation and recording of its valuable building stock. Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Architectural Photogrammetry have already been used in many Heritage sites in the world. The integration of heritage recording and Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been introduced a...

The historic city of Jeddah faces serious issues in the conservation, documentation and recording of its valuable building stock. Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Architectural Photogrammetry have already been used in many Heritage sites in the world. The integration of heritage recording and Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been introduced a...