Ahmad Alghadir

• PhD
• King Saud University

Background Complex training is found effective in improving physical performance in various sports. There is a pau-city of research evidence comparing the efficacy of complex vs. plyometric training in cricket players. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of complex and plyometric training on physical performance parameters in cricket players. M...

Purpose: Poor sleep and cognitive deficits are often associated with drug use. However, no study has addressed the relationship between poor sleep, substance dependence, and metacognitive deficit in polysubstance users. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling involving community-dwelling polysubstance users (n=326,...

Purpose The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on sleep hygiene, anxiety levels, perceived stress, and research output among postgraduate research students in Hong Kong. Methods An online survey was developed and distributed to Hong Kong postgraduate research students. The sleep hygiene, anxiety levels, a...

Background A growing body of evidence suggests the benefit of motor imagery in motor learning. While some studies tried to look at the effect of isolated mental practice, others evaluated the combined effect of motor imagery and physical practice in clinical rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of task complexity or rates of...

Background: Anxiety symptoms, stress, poor sleep, and inadequate sleep hygiene are common in university students and these affect their learning and increase attrition. However, limited knowledge exists about the inter-relationship between these factors among university students in low-middle income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to investi...

Abstract Background: Prevalence of anxiety and its associated factors in Ethiopians necessitates the availability of a valid questionnaire tool to screen this disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the factor structure, its stability, and psychometric measures of the GAD-7 scale in Ethiopian university students. Methods: A cross-sectional...

Background There is a gradual increase in the prevalence of stress during professional courses. Previous studies reported a high incidence of stress among university students. The psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) have been established in different populations. The current study aimed to assess psychometric propertie...

The current systematic review aimed to investigate the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors causing hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) after stroke. Two independent authors screened titles and abstracts for the eligibility of the included studies in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science. Studies which reported the incidence, prevalence,...

Background Various screening tools have been designed and developed to identify individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study aimed to assess the psychometric validation of the GAD-7 in Saudi university male students. Methods Healthy university male students (n= 192) participated in this cross-sectional study. All the part...

Aims This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) instrument in screening poor sleep hygiene practices among Saudi university students. As a secondary goal, the association of sleep hygiene practices with stress and anxiety scores were assessed. Methods Two-hundred and four healthy college and university...

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of body position on the level and severity of stuttering in young adults with developmental stuttering. Methods: A total of 24 subjects (male: 17; female: 7; mean age: 24.9 ± 6.2 years) with developmental stuttering participated. The participants were asked to perform oral reading and...

Objectives: Flexibility and strength are compromised in pronated feet, which could in turn lead to alteration of the dynamic balance and muscle activity in the lower extremities. This study aimed to analyze the effects of selective tibialis posterior strengthening and iliopsoas stretching on navicular drop, dynamic balance, and lower limb muscle ac...

A significant rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Middle-east and North Africa (MENA) region has seen over the last few decades. The present observational study aimed to evaluate and compare the risk of developing T2DM in the cities of Riyadh and Amman using the Arab Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire (ARABRISK). Th...

Background Assessment of hand grip strength is vital for the evaluation of upper limb impairments and effective exercise prescription. Present study primarily aimed to investigate the effect of head-neck positions on the hand grip strength in healthy young adults. Secondarily, the present study compared hand grip strength between left versus right...

Objective: This systematic review to aimed to evaluate the effects of orthopaedic manual therapy (OMT) on pain, improving function, and physical performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Data sources: Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) were searched. Study selection: Trials were required to compare OMT al...

Objective Several scales are commonly used for assessing pain intensity. Among them, the numerical rating scale (NRS), visual analog scale (VAS), and verbal rating scale (VRS) are often used in clinical practice. However, no study has performed psychometric analyses of their reliability and validity in the measurement of osteoarthritic (OA) pain. T...

Background: Estimation of handgrip strength (HGS) is routinely used by clinicians and epidemiologists for objective assessment of functional status of hand and upper extremity. It is also used as an indirect indicator of overall physical strength and health status in variety of clinical situations and chronic general medical conditions. Objective...

Background Activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale is a subjective measure of confidence in performing various ambulatory activities without falling or experiencing a sense of unsteadiness. Objective This study aimed to examine the ability of the Hindi version of the ABC scale (ABC-H scale) to discriminate between fallers and non-faller...

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the role of vitamin D, muscle fatigue biomarkers, and mechanical factors in the progression of low back pain (LBP) in schoolchildren. Background Children and adolescents frequently suffer from LBP with no clear clinical causes, and >71% of schoolchildren aged 12–17 years will show at least one episode...

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem. Professions like physical therapy (PT), involving frequent lifting, bending, or standing, are at risk for developing LBP. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of work-related LBP and factors associated with and consequences of work-related LBP among physical therapists in Riyadh...

Objective: To investigate the effect of physiotherapy on pain and recovery of physical function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: 80 patients (male 29, female 51) in the age group of 48–80 years (mean 63.28, SD 9.44) undergone TKA (bilateral 50, unilateral 30) participated in the prospective interventional study. All the participants re...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of beurer glass diagnostic scale for measuring body mass index (BMI). Methods: A total of 80 healthy male subjects in the age group of 19–45 years were participated in this study. The age and height of each participant was added into the beurer glass diagnostic scale p...

Purpose] The present study aimed to determine the changes in physical and balance performance following exercise-induced muscle damage using a sport-specific protocol. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen collegiate soccer players were asked to perform a sport-specific sprint protocol to induce muscle damage. The markers of muscle damage (soreness, range...

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of pre-operative and post-operative physical therapy versus post-operative physical therapy alone on pain and recovery of function after total knee arthroplasty. [Subjects and Methods] Fifty patients (18 males and 32 females) ranging in age from 48 to 80 years (mean 63.28, SD 9.44) pa...

Objective: This randomized controlled study aimed to find out the combined effects of hip and knee muscle strengthening vs. knee muscle strengthening alone on pain, function and gait in knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Individuals with unilateral knee osteoarthritis (n=40; male, 18; female, 22) were randomized to participate hip and knee muscle streng...

Unlabelled: People with vestibular disorders report changes in symptoms based on their environment with many situations increasing their symptoms. The purpose of this paper was to utilize the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) from the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe common environmental triggers fo...

Information about head orientation, position, and movement with respect to the trunk relies on the visual, vestibular, extensive muscular, and articular proprioceptive system of the neck. Various factors can affect proprioception since it is the function of afferent integration, and tuning of muscular and articular receptors. Pain, muscle fatigue,...

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the commonest degenerative joint disease affecting older adults. Risk factors for the knee OA includes female gender, advanced age, overweight, obesity, previous knee injuries, previous knee surgery, and certain jobs that require continuous knee bending. Pain is the major symptom of knee OA and increased pain caus...

Background Walking, a closed kinetic chain (CKC) activity, is widely used in knee rehabilitation as it allows early weight bearing and movement. It has been suggested that retro-walking may provide additional benefits beyond those experienced by forward-walking. The present study will investigate the effect of retro- and forward-walking on quadrice...

[Purpose] The visual system is one of the sensory systems that enables the body to assess and process information about the external environment. In the absence of vision, a blind person loses contact with the outside world and develops faulty motor patterns, which results in postural deficiencies. However, literature regarding the development of s...

[Purpose] Interprofessional education (IPE) is an important academic approach for preparing healthcare professionals to provide patient care in a collaborative team environment. This study aimed to measure the perceptions and readiness toward IPE among female undergraduate health-care students at King Saud University (KSU). [Subjects and Methods] A...

The prevalence of diabetes in Jordan has been increasing. The early diagnosis of diabetes is vital to slow its progression. The Arab Risk (ARABRISK) screening tool is a self-administered questionnaire used to determine people who are at high risk for developing diabetes. This study aimed to identify people at high risk for developing type 2 diabete...

Objective. To investigate the efficacy of using “Instagram application” with a “home-exercise program” as a motivational stimulus in improving physical activity (PA) adherence levels among female college students. Methods. Fifty-eight female undergraduate students with the mean age 20.3 ± 0.96 years participated. Participants were divided into tw...

The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is quick and easy tests to assess patients' functional mobility. However, its reliability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) has not been well established. The aims of this study were to determine the reliability and minimal detectable change of the TUG test in individuals with doubtful to moderate (Grade 1-...

Background: Health professions like dentistry, nursing and physical therapy have been reported at high risk for developing workrelated musculoskeletal disorders. Results of studies conducted in these occupational groups may help formulate prevention strategies. However, no such data among physical therapists has been reported in India. Material a...

Objectives . This systematic review was conducted to examine the effects of exercise on spinal deformities and quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Data Sources . Electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, and Web of Science, were searched for res...

Background: Several studies have reported the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) training on muscle strength. This systematic review investigates the current evidence regarding the effects of WBV training on quadriceps muscle strength in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Data sources: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PEDro...

Background: Watching television has been widely associated with various health and psychological outcomes in children. Excessive intake of carbonated, sweetened beverages and fast foods, inadequate intake of fruits & dairy products; and reduced levels of physical activity also pose risk to healthy lifestyle among youth. However, limited literature...

Background and aims: Role of the neck and jaw sensory motor system in control of body balance has been established. Tongue is an integral part of jaw sensory motor system and helps in execution of purposeful and precise motor tasks like eating, drinking and speaking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of tongue position...

To translate the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) into Arabic according to the World Health Organization`s (WHO) criteria and to evaluate the concurrent validity of the FES-I in persons living with balance and vestibular disorders. This cross-sectional descriptive study included 43 persons with balance and vestibular disorders presenting...

The reduction in the pain intensity is one of the most important outcome measures in musculoskeletal disorders. The assessment of pain required reliable and valid scale. The aims of this prospective observational study were to develop and evaluate concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of hundred paisa pain scale (HPPS) for measuring muscu...

We adapted the reduced Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index for the Arabic language and tested its metric properties in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). One hundred and twenty-one consecutive patients who were referred for physiotherapy to the outpatient department were asked to answer the Arabic version of...

[Purpose] To report perceptions about the importance and use of therapeutic massage as a treatment modality among physical therapists working in Saudi Arabia. [Subjects and Methods] A 21-item structured questionnaire was used to assess various domains including the demographic and professional characteristics of physical therapists and their percep...

Objective: The assessment of practices conducted in leisure time and daily life is fundamental to improving lifestyle behavior and community health. The purpose of this study was to examine lifestyle and its correlation with the pattern of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among adult Saudis. Material and Methods: In total, 150 adult Saudis (ag...

The aim of the present study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Arabic version of the shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). This was an observational reliability and validity study. We recruited 64 patients with shoulder pain and dysfunction with a wide variety of diagnoses. Patients completed the following questionnaires: A...

The aim of the present study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Arabic version of the shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). This was an observational reliability and validity study. We recruited 64 patients with shoulder pain and dysfunction with a wide variety of diagnoses. Patients completed the following questionnaires: A...

[Purpose] To review the physical therapy educational program model, professional curriculum, and gender representation at major universities, as well as the quality and scope of physical therapy practice in Saudi Arabia. [Methods] Information regarding course curriculum, gender representation, and the quality and scope of physical therapy practice...

[Purpose] Musculoskeletal disorders are common causes of work-related disability in different professions involving the frequent practice of lifting, stooping, twisting, prolonged sitting, or standing. The dental profession is one such profession. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental profess...

This systematic review was conducted to examine the current evidence regarding the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) training in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We searched Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PEDro, and Science citation index for research articles published prior to January 2015 using the keywords whole body vibration, v...

The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence, characteristics, and distribution of musculoskeletal pain among construction workers in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire about musculoskeletal pain in different parts of the body was completed by 165 construction workers from the construction industries in Dammam and Riyadh cities. The descri...

The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence, characteristics, and distribution of musculoskeletal pain among construction workers in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire about musculoskeletal pain in different parts of the body was completed by 165 construction workers from the construction industries in Dammam and Riyadh cities. The descri...

The Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommended that nonpharmacological methods include patient education programs, weight reduction, coping strategies, and exercise programs for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, neither systematic review nor meta-analysis has been published regarding the effectiveness of home exerc...

[Purpose] The aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of modified hold-relax stretching and static stretching in improving the hamstring muscle flexibility. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-five male subjects with hamstring tightness were included in this study. The subjects were randomly placed into three groups: the modified hold-relax...

[Purpose] The aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of modified hold-relax stretching and static stretching in improving the hamstring muscle flexibility. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-five male subjects with hamstring tightness were included in this study. The subjects were randomly placed into three groups: the modified hold-relax...

Persons with vestibular disorders experience symptoms of dizziness and balance dysfunction, resulting in falls, as well as impairments of daily life. Various interventions provided by physical therapists have been shown to decrease dizziness and improve postural control. In the present review, we will focus on the role of physical therapy in the ma...

Psoriasis comprises severe skin problems affects on quality of patient’s life. It affects 2% of the general population with age before 35 years old. Most potent and cheap psoriatic drugs are still largely unavailable. Recently, as aresult of the apparent side effects of chemical drugs, treatments of herbal origin gains the popularity among patients...

Background and aims: There is an important role of the neck sensory motor system in control of body posture and balance, and it is reasonable to believe that the jaw sensory motor system can directly and indirectly influence the modulation of the postural control system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible effects of dynamic jaw pos...

Objectives: There were two main objectives of this study: to establish normative values of hand grip strengths for 6-12-year-old children in Saudi Arabia and to compare results with existing Western data. Methods: Five-hundred twenty-five children from the central area of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were recruited. Hand grip strength was measured usin...

Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on the healing rate, wound surface area and wound bed preparation in chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods Thirty eight patients with 45 chronic DFU were randomly assigned into; the ESWT-group (19patients/24ulcers) and the control-group (1...

Objective: This study assessed the osteogenic effect (T-Score) and changes in bone markers in healthy subjects by 12-weeks of aerobic training. Methods: Total 65 healthy subjects (36 males, 29 females), their age ranged between 30 and 60 years with normal body mass index, were recruited to participate in this study and they were selected among heal...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to describe the effect of locomotor training on a treadmill for three individuals who have an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). [Subjects and Methods] Three indivduals (2 males, 1 female) with incomplete paraplegia participated in this prospective case series. All subjects participated in locomotor training fo...

Background: It has been proposed that hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and may contribute to severity of the disease. Increased expression of the apoptosis-regulating proteins p53 and tTG and decreased levels of bcl-2 in the keratinocytes of the skin of psoriatic patients have been reported. Aim: This...

[Purpose] The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of isometric quadriceps exercise on muscle strength, pain, and function in knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] Outpatients (N=42, 21 per group; age range 40-65 years; 13 men and 29 women) with osteoarthritis of the knee participated in the study. The experimental group perfor...

We performed a retrospective chart review to determine the responsiveness and minimal detectable change (MDC95) in persons with balance and vestibular disorders with the dynamic gait index (DGI) and the functional gait assessment (FGA). The study cohort consisted of 326 patients with a mean age of 60 ± 18.3 years (range, 18-95 years; 69% female). T...

The Canadian Risk (CANRISK) is a self-administered questionnaire that identifies people at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to translate the CANRISK into the Arabic language and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the CANRISK (ARABRISK). In this cross-sectional study design, the CANR...

Most of the conventional rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drugs used have severe adverse reactions. Therefore, natural plant products are continuously being sought for the management of RA. In the present study, in vitro antioxidant, joint protective and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous green tea extract (AGTE) was evaluated in 50 patients with early...

Agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in the treatment of several infections can be produced from medicinal plants. The aim of this study is evaluation of Rhus coriaria (sumac) extracts as potential new sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The active constituents like, alkaloids, glycosides, phenol and terpenoids of sum...

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hydroxyproline (Hyp), malondialdhyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant status (TAS) biomarkers in comparison with Metavir scoring for assessing the severity of hepatic fibrosis in the HCV patients. The hist...

The prevalence of diabetes type 2 (DMT2) in Saudi Arabia has been increased dramatically. The early detection of diabetes is crucial in delaying the process of the disease. The Canadian Risk (CANRISK) is a self-administered questionnaire used to identify people at high risk for developing diabetes. The main objective of this study was to utilize th...

Cyclooxygenase (COX), a key enzyme playing crucial role in prostaglandin biosynthesis in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation. For targeting COX-2 isoform, it is therefore interesting to design new molecule scaffolds with reduced side effects at gastric and renal levels. QSAR can modify the molecular structures for achieving the desired molecule...

Vestibular disorders are commonly reported health conditions that lead to debilitating consequences. Activity limitations and participation restrictions are the main disabling consequences of vestibular disorders. Measuring activities and participation in people with vestibular disorders has been a challenge due to the absence of specialized outcom...

Persons undergoing physical therapy home services often have difficulty with mobility and gait. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between gait and a rating of cognitive functioning in persons undergoing home-care physical therapy services. Patients over the age of 65 (n = 11,601) seen by a home-care agency...

The correlation between HCV genotypes and possible serum markers for clinical prediction of disease progression is still controversial. The diagnostic accuracy of serum markers (alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and hyaluronic acid (HA) in assessment of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated in 130 treatment-naive CHC patients w...

Scoliosis is the deviation in the normal vertical spine. Although there are numerous studies available about treatment approaches for scoliosis, the numbers of studies that talk about its etiology and pathology are limited. Aim of this study was to discuss the different types of scoliosis; its curves and etiological theories; and to note their impl...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain relief and functional performance in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Forty patients with knee OA were randomly assigned into active laser group (n = 20) and placebo laser group (n = 20). The LLLT device used was a Ga-As diode laser with a p...

The Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an application of the ICF and represents the typical spectrum of problems in functioning in patients with diabetes. The aims of this study were to explore the content validity of this Core Set from the perspectives of ph...

[Purpose] The job of secondary school teachers involves a lot of head down posture as frequent reading, assignment correction, computer use and writing on a board put them at risk of developing occupational related neck pain. Available studies of neck pain experienced by teachers are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine whether train...

Vestibular physical therapy is a specialized exercise based intervention for management of symptoms associated with vestibular dysfunction that manifests itself as dizziness and imbalance related to position or movement of the body. The aim of this review is to evaluate and summarize the efficacy of vestibular physical therapy for the treatment of...

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of a simple underwater training program on ambulatory functions of patients with peripheral vascular disease. [Subjects and Methods] Seven male patients participated in supervised underwater exercise training for twelve weeks to determine the effect of the program on their ambulatory capacity through com...

Oxidative-free radicals and apoptosis have linked to chronic skin diseases. Higher levels of oxidative radicals and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c may have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We investigated the possible role of cellular oxidative stress and release of cytochrome c of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. D...

[Background] Sex-based differences in lung function are known. [Purpose] To investigate sex-based differences in ventilatory function among Saudi adults, and to relate it to their level of physical activity. [Subjects and Methods] Seventy healthy Saudi adult subjects (35 males and 35 females) participated in this study. Measurements of forced vital...

Objective: The use of face veil called "niqab" by women to cover their faces at public places is a common practice in some Muslim communities. The long-term effect of niqab use on ventilatory function (VF) has not previously been reported. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare VF between niqab wearing and non-niqab wearing healthy Sa...

Background: Ethnic differences in lung function are recognized. However, most of the modern lung function equipments are pre-programmed with Caucasian reference values. Objective: Measure spirometric values among healthy Saudi male and female adults and compare with the Caucasian reference values in a standard spirometer. Methods: Thirty healthy Sa...

Background: Plantar fasciitis is an overuse injury causing inflammation at the origin of the plantar fascia and is characterized by plantar heel pain that is provoked by taking the first few steps in the morning and by prolonged standing. Dorsiflexion night splints are used to address early morning pain by preventing contracture of the plantar fasc...