Ah Yaro

• Ph.D Pharmacology
• Head of Department at Bayero University Kano

Background: Bombax costatum (Family: Bombacaceae) is used traditionally in Nigeria for the treatment of different diseases including epilepsy; and the anticonvulsant activity of the root bark extract have been reported. Aim: To evaluate the anti-epileptogenic activity of hydroalcoholic root bark extract of Bombax costatum and its possible mechanism...

Ficus vallis-choudae has been traditionally utilized for treating malaria, pain, jaundice, headaches, and convulsions. This study aimed to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant's methanol stem bark extract (FvMSE) both in vitro and in vivo. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was conducted, and the oral median lethal dose (LD50) was estima...

Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne is a tropical herb widely used in the phytotherapy of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. Despite the availability of synthetic antidepressant drugs, depression remains a major medical problem. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata (LHME) on chronic unpred...

Ficus asperifolia (Miq), family Moraceae is popularly known as sand-paper tree that is found in marshy areas around river banks. In Nigeria, it is called kawusa by Hausa tribe, ipin by Yoruba tribe and asesa or amerenwa by Igbo tribe. This research aims to quantify secondary metabolites present in the crude methanol extract and fractions and to cha...

Eragrostis tremula is utilized in Nigeria and other African countries as a memory enhancer, lactation stimulant, antiemetic, aphrodisiac and remedy for snake bites. Scientific reports revealed that this plant has anti-oxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and memory enhancing properties; despite these potentials, there is paucity of safety data to...

Medicinal plants are important sources of bioactive compounds useful in traditional treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. About one-third of epileptic patients on currently available antiepileptic drugs present with treatment failure. The current study aims to assess the anticonvulsant activity of Cassia sieberiana in chicks and...

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects more than 50 million people worldwide. Approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy do not respond to treatment with current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Medicinal plants have demonstrated numerous benefits in the traditional treatment of neurological disorders including epilepsy, therefore, sc...

Anxiety is a group of mental disorders characterized by sudden feeling of intense fear and avoidance, panic, learning and memory impairment. Solanum aethiopicum fruit is used as sedative and contain solasodine, a compound reported to have anxiolytic activity. This study investigated the effect of flavonoids of methanol fruit extract of Solanum aeth...

Ethno-botanical survey is a process of obtaining information on the use of medicinal plants from grassroots. The aim of this research was to document medicinal plants used traditionally in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders across Northwestern Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the population of traditional medic...

Plants are natural sources of readily available phytochemicals which possesses interesting biological activities. The plant Diodia scandens is a creeping and straggling perennial herb commonly dispersed in tropical Africa, tropical Asia and some parts of Cameroon, Congo and Nigeria. It is used traditionally in the treatment of several disease c...

Depression is a mental disorder that is highly prevalent in many parts of the globe and a source of burden to patients and their families. Existing treatments for depression are far from satisfactory because many patients with depression do not respond effectively and have significant adverse effects on standard antidepressant drugs. It is vital to...

Depression is a long term, a relapsing condition associated with high levels of disability and mortality. The drugs used in its management are associated with adverse effects and delayed response hence it’s important to look for antidepressant plants with proven advantages and favorable benefits. Terminalia macroptera belongs to the family Combreta...

Traditionally plant extracts were used in the treatment of many diseases and disorders. However, before usage, it is vital to ensure their safety. Hence, the toxicity assessment of medicinal plants with proven therapeutic use is of utmost importance. The tree Terminalia macroptera (Combretaceae) is widespread in Western Africa, with the different p...

Ficus asperifolia Miq. is used against pain and inflammatory diseases in African Traditional Medicine. This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the solvent fractions of methanol leaf extract of Ficus asperifolia in rodents. The methanol leaf extract was subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning to ob...

Cissus cornifolia is an annual herb used in the treatment of mental derangement in the African Traditional Medicine. As part of a continuous research on this medicinal plant to scientifically validate its use in mental derangement, the fractions of the leaf extract were investigated for central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects. Successive fr...

The importance of Eleusine coracana against diabetes mellitus is documented in the literature. The effectiveness of its leaf extract against diabetes is highly praised among the rural people of northern Nigeria. In this study, we examined the antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic potentials of E. coracana leaf extract (ECE) in alloxan-induced...

Bombax costatum is a commonly used medicinal plant in African traditional medicine in the treatment of liver disease. This study was aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Bombax costatum stem bark against paracetamol (PCM) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats....

The aim of the research is to investigate the anticonvulsant property of ethanol leaf extract of H. acida (ELHA) in mice and chicks. The in chicks, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), 4 in mice. The results showed the intraperitoneal LD extract produced no significant effect on mean recovery time in MEST. ELHA at 250 and 500 mg/kg protected 50% of mice again...

Hymenocardia acida commonly known as Jan yaro in hausa is used in traditional medicine for abdominal pain, menstrual pain, painful swellings and epileptic fits. The main objective of this study is to investigate the anticonvulsant property of ethanol stem bark extract of H. acida in mice and chicks. The tests employed include maximal electroshoc...

The aim of the research is to investigate the anticonvulsant property of ethanol leaf extract of H. acida (ELHA) in mice and chicks. The tests employed were maximal electroshock test (MEST) in chicks, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and strychnine-induced convulsion in mice. The results showed the intraperitoneal LD50 of ELHA to be...

Background and objectives: The use of herbal drugs in the treatment of many neurological disorders is gaining popularity in developing countries due to their fewer unwanted side effects, affordability and cultural acceptability. A mixture of three plants roots Calotropis procera (Asclepediaceae), Combretum micranthum (Combretaceae) and Ficus abutil...

Background: The ethnomedical uses of Haematostaphis barteri commonly known as blood plum has been documented in literature. The efficacy of its stem bark extract in management of liver diseases is well acclaimed among communities of Northern Nigeria. Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol stem bark extract of Haematostaphi...

This research studied the anticonvulsant properties of three synthesized isomers of dichloro-substituted phenyl amino propanamides in rodents and determined their effects on votage-gated sodium channels (NaV1.6) stably expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK Cells 293). 2,3-, 2,5- and 3,4- Dichloro anilines were reacted with acrylamide according t...

Carissa edulis (Vahl) have been used in the traditional medicine for the management of fever, epilepsy, viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and cancer for many years. The present study is aimed at evaluating the antitumour properties of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) obtained from standardized ethanol root bark extract of C. edulis based on...

Carissa edulis (Vahl) has been used in traditional medicine for the management of fever, sickle cell disease, epilepsy, viral, bacterial, parasitic infections and cancer for many years. The present study is aimed at evaluating the antitumour properties of petroleum ether fraction (PEF) of the standardized ethanol root bark extract of Carissa edulis...

Objective: Dalbegia saxatilis (D.saxatilis) is used as a decoction in traditional medicine for ailments such as cough, small pox, skin lesions, bronchial ailments and toothache. This study is aimed at evaluating the toxic effect of methanol leaf extract of D.saxatilis on renal function. Materials and methods: Wistar rats of both sexes were divid...

Carissa edulis (Vahl) root bark has been used in Nigerian traditional medicine to manage fever, sickle cell disease, epilepsy and cancer among others. In this study, we examined the antimour properties of the standardized ethanol root bark extract of Carissa edulis (CEE). Effects of CEE on cells viability were assessed using U1242 glioblastoma cell...

Background Leonotis nepetifolia Linn (Lamiaceae) is used in traditional medicine for its calming (tranquilizing) effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any scientific justification for this use. To achieve this purpose, we investigated the behavioural effects of the methanol extract of Leonotis nepetifolia stem (37.5, 75 a...

The effects of ethanol extract of Tapinanthus globiferus in the liver of rats were evaluated on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TB) and conjugated bilirubin (CB) while histological analysis was evaluated on section of liver after 28 da...

Burkea africana is a plant that belongs to then family Fabaceae; it is widely spread in tropical Africa including Nigeria. It is of valuable in ethnomedicine especially in the treatment of antidote for venomous stings and bites, cutaneous and sub cutaneous parasitic infection, convulsion and pulmonary troubles. The research was conducted to evaluat...

Decoction of Lophira lanceolata known in Hausa as Namijin Kadanya has been used by many communities in northern Nigeria for the treatment of various ailments, commonest of which is epilepsy. The current study is aimed at evaluating the claim of this medicinal plant part by herbalist for the treatment of epilepsy. A preliminary phytochemical screeni...

The emergence of drug-resistant strains has compromised the efficacy of several anti-malarial drugs, including the artemisinins. Many species of Vernonia, family Asteraceae, have been employed in traditional medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus, microbial infections and malaria. The anti-malarial effect of the methanolic leaf extract of...

Cissus cornifolia Baker - Planch (Family: Vitaceae) is used for various central nervous system disorders. The present study reported the sedative and central nervous depressant effects of fractions (butanol soluble portion and its flavonoid rich fraction) obtained from methanolic leaf extract of Cissus cornifolia using diazepam induced sleep, head-...

Preparations ofCissus cornifolia – Bak. (Planch) are used traditionally in Northern Nigeria in the treatment of convulsions and mental derangement. The objective of this work was to screen for the anticonvulsant activity of the methanol root bark extract of Cissus cornifolia using chemical and electrical seizure models. The extract was evaluated fo...

Carissa edulis Vahl (Apocynaceae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage a plethora of diseases including epilepsy, cancer, and inflammation; its efficacy is widely acclaimed among communities of northern Nigeria. This study establishes anticonvulsant activities of aqueous fraction of ethanol root bark extract of Carissa edulis (RAF) and sub-f...

Toxicity studies are conducted to provide greater understanding of the potential intrinsic hazard of a test item and estimate safety margins. We evaluated the safety profile of Dalbergia saxatilis leaves used traditionally as a decoction in the treatment of cough, small pox, bronchial ailments and toothache in wistar rats. Wistar rats of either sex...

The effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Combretum micranthum were studied on gastro intestinal smooth muscle of rodents. The extract was screened using isolated rabbit jejunum, guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. The extract produced relaxation of isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum. The relaxation of guinea pig ileum was inhibited by phen...

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Combretum micranthum were studied in mice and rats. The extract was screened for analgesic activity; using acetic acid induced writhing in mice and formalin induced paw licking test in rats. Anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using formalin induced hind paw oedema in rat...

Co-morbidity inevitably warrant occurrence of polypharmacy that may result in interactions or modification of either the therapeutic or toxic effect of any of the drugs employed. Malaria and epilepsy have been known to occur concurrently as such may necessitate the co-administration of two or more drugs. This study evaluated the effect of dihydroar...

Preparations of Carissa edulis (Vahl) have been used in the Nigerian traditional medicine for the management of fever, sickle cell disease, epilepsy, pain cancer and inflammatory conditions for many years and their efficacy is widely acclaimed among the Hausa communities of Northern Nigeria. The possible mechanism(s) involved in the anticonvulsant...

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of the hydro-alcohol extract of Caralluma dalzielii N.E.Br, a Nigerian traditional medicinal plant was studied using thermal and chemical-induced pain models and carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. The acute toxicity and the phytochemical constituents of the extract were also determined. The result...

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of the hydro-alcohol extract of Caralluma dalzielii N.E.Br, a Nigerian traditional medicinal plant was studied using thermal and chemical-induced pain models and carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. The acute toxicity and the phytochemical constituents of the extract were also determined. The result...

The methanol extract of the leaf of Cissus polyantha was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice, while anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema in rats. The results of the study showed tha...

Securinega virosa is a commonly used medicinal plant in African traditional medicine in the management of epilepsy. In an attempt to isolate and characterize the bioactive principles responsible for the anticonvulsant property, the crude methanol root bark extract of the plant was exhaustively partitioned into petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl ace...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Preparations of Carissa edulis (Vahl) have been used in the Nigerian traditional medicine for the management of fever, sickle cell disease, epilepsy, pain and inflammation for many years and their efficacy is widely acclaimed among the Hausa communities of northern Nigeria. Aim of the study: The present studies ai...

Schizophrenia is a highly disabling chronic psychiatric illness. The existing antipsychotic agents are associated with untoward effects and drug interactions leading to the intensification of search for newer agents with better efficacy and safety profile. Securinega virosa is a commonly used medicinal plant in African traditional medicine. The lea...

Preparations of Commiphorakerstingii(family-Burceraceae) have been used in African Traditional Medicine for variety of human ailments for many years,including epilepsy. In this study,the anticonvulsant activity of the methanol leaf extract of Commiphorakerstingii was investigated using four anima l models at graded doses of 1000, 500 and 250mg/ kg....

The aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in rodents. Investigations for analgesic effect was carried out employing the acetic acid- induced writhing in mice and the anti-inflammatory effect the hind paw edema method was employed in Wistar rats Results showed the aqueous extract to have a...

Ficus abutilifolia, belonging to the family Moraceae is a small to medium sized tree that grow mostly in the African continent. It was reported to be used traditionally, in promoting fertility in humans and in the treatment of skin wart and management of epilepsy. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the powdered root revealed the presences o...

Securinega virosa is used traditionally in the West African region as sedative in children and in mental illnesses. In this study, the behavioural effects of the methanol leaf extract of S. virosa were investigated in mice at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, using diazepam-induced sleeping time, hole board and beam walking assay, all in mice. The res...

Tamarindus indica Linn (Caesalpiniceae) is used in traditional medicine for managing epilepsy, mental disorders, cough and diarrhoea. The methanolic stem bark extract of Tamarindus indica at doses of 150, 75 and 37.5 mg/kg was screen for anticonvulsant activity using Maximal Electroshock, Strychnine, Pentylenetetrazole and 4-Aminopyridine induced c...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Securinega virosa is a commonly used medicinal plant in African traditional medicine in the management of epilepsy and mental illness. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the crude methanol root bark extract of the plant possesses significant behavioral effect in laboratory animals. In an attempt to isola...

Extensive phytochemical investigations using silica gel column chromatography, gel filtration and preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) led to the isolation of 2' 4'-dihydroxy-4-prenyloxy chalcone from the methanol extract of Indigofera pulchra. The structure of this compound was elucidated with the help of NMR and mass spectroscopy. The anal...

In present study acute oral toxicity value and the effect of the methanolic leaf extract of the Adenodolichos paniculatus (MAP) on function status of the liver were investigated in rats after two weeks of daily oral administration of graded doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) of the extract. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the pl...

The methanolic extract of the rhizome of Stylochiton lancifolius (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain and formalin-induced-inflammation. The methanol extract exhibited significant (P<0.001) inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice an...

Cochlopermum tinctorium A Rich (Cochlospermaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plant in the West Africa sub-region for the management of various conditions including pain and inflammatory conditions. In the present study, we report the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous methanol leaf (20-80 mg/kg), root (7.5-30 mg/kg) and roo...

This study was undertaken to investigate the leaf part of the plant for analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The ethanol extract of Ficus iteophylla leaves (100, 200, and 400 mg kg(-1), i.p) was evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and hot plate test...

Balanites aegyptiaca is a native plant from the dry tropical areas of Africa and Arabia. It has been used in traditional medicine to treat psychoses, epilepsy, rheumatism and for the management of cough, liver and spleen conditions for many years. The plant is also used as antihelmintic and molluscicide. The present studies aimed at investigating t...

The root of Combretum micrantum G anthraquinones, Don, (Family: Combretaceae) was investigated phytochemically and for its anticonvulsant activity. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the powdered root revealed the presences of flavonoids, saponins, cyano-genetic and cardiac glycosides among others. The intraperitoneal LD 50 of the 70% aqueous e...

The saponins extract of Carissa edulis Vahl family Apocynaceae was investigated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic activity was studied using hot-plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests in mice while the anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan-induced paw oedema test in rats. The saponins extract at...

Root of Securinega virosa Roxb. (Ex. Baill) Willd. is used in the management of epilepsy in African traditional medicine. Previous studies in our laboratory provided some scientific basis for the use of the root of the plant in the management of epilepsy. In this study, the residual aqueous fraction (RAF) was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity u...

Combretum sericeum (Combretacae) is used traditionally in Northern Nigeria for the treatment of fever. In this study, the activities of the aqueous extract of the root bark of this plant against nociception and inflammation were investigated in mice and rats. The studies were carried out using acetic acid writhing, hot plate algesia and carrageenan...

This work reports on the evaluation of pentazocine and dipyrone analgesics on diazepam-induced sleep in mice. Diazepam (10 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally (ip) was used to determine the onset and duration of sleep in mice and the mean of both set values were calculated and recorded. Pentazocine 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg administered (ip) was found...

Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. (Mimosoideae) is a shrub used for menstrual and general body pain in Nupe land in north central Nigeria. In this study, the methanol extract of the stem bark of Prosopis africana (at doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg) was evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using acetic acid-induced writ...

The methanol extract of the aerial parts of Indigofera pulchra was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and hot plate tests in mice, while the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. The results...

The plant Cochlospermum tinctorium A Rich (Cochlospermaceae) is a bushy plant attaining about 50 cm tall of widespread occurrence in Savanna and scrubland throughout the drier parts of West African regions. The plant has been reported to be used traditionally in the treatment of ulcer, fever and gastrointestinal diseases. In this work, the antidiar...

The plant, Cochlospermum tinctorium (Cochlospermaceae) is a bushy plant attaining about 50 cm tall. It is of widespread occurrence in the Savanna and scrubland. It occurs throughout the drier parts of West African sub-region. The plant has been reported to be used traditionally in the treatment of ulcer, fever and diarrhoea. The aqueous methanol le...

The plant Adenodolichos paniculatus is a shrub of up to 4m high of Savanna (bush and jungle) from Guinea to northern Nigeria and across to Sudan. The plant has been reported to be used traditionally in tooth ache, blennorrheoa and in treatment of burns. In this study, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic leaf extract of...

The plant Adenodolichos paniculatus is a shrub of up to 4m high of Savanna (bush and jungle) from Guinea to Northern Nigeria and across to Sudan. The plant has been reported to be used traditionally in tooth ache, blennorrhea and in treatment of burns. In this work, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic leaf extract of Ad...

This study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of methanol extract of securinega virosa leaves on blood levels of streptozocin-induced diabetes rats. Three doses of the extract (100, 300 and 600 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally. After 2 h of extract administration there was no significant change in the blood glucose levels...

Xeromphis nilotica is a lowland shrub widespread in Northern Nigeria where it is used for treatment ofmental disorders. This study aimed at evaluating the behavioral effects of the residual aqueous fraction of the stembark extract of X. nilotica which is of relevance to its application in folklore medicine. The tests conducted werediazepam induced...

The methanol extract of the aerial parts of Anisopus mannii was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test in mice, while the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats. The results of the study showe...

The methanolic leaf extract of Securinega virosa was evaluated for possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in rodents. Acetic acid induced writhing test in mice and formalin-induced pain in rats were used to study the analgesic effect, while the effect of the extract on acute inflammation was investigated on carrageenan-induced paw oede...

Preparations of Ficus platyphylla have been used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the management of epilepsy for many years and their efficacy is widely acclaimed among the Hausa communities of northern Nigeria. The anticonvulsant properties of the saponin rich fraction (SFG) obtained from the methanol extract of F. platyphylla stem bark were s...

The methanol extract of Tacazzea apiculata root-bark was subjected to successive fractionation with chloroform and n-butanol. The maximal electroshock test (MEST) in chicks and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure were carried out on n-butanol fraction (TBF) to evaluate its anticonvulsant effects in chicks and mice respectively. Diazepam-induced slee...

The methanolic stem bark extract of Ficus vallis-choudae was investigated for anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated using rat paw edema model, while the analgesic effects were studied using acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The results obtained revealed that the methanolic stem bark ext...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the central nervous system/sleeping effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves, stem and root barks of Randia nilotica stapf. The method employed was the sleep potentiating effect of diazepam. Acute toxicity studies of these extracts as well as preliminary phytochemical screening of the stembark...

Cochlospermum tintorium (Cochlospermaceae) and Paullinia pinnata (Sapindaceae) are widely used medicinal plants in Northern Nigeria in the management of epilepsy. The hydroalcoholic root bark extract of Cochlospermum tintorium and methanolic stem bark extract of Paullinia pinnata were investigated for anticonvulsant activities using Maximal electro...

Ficus ingens is a medicinal plant used for haemorrhoids, in Borno State of Nigeria. In the present study, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol leaf extract of Ficus ingens, (Miq.) Miq., (at doses of 75, 150,and 300 mg/kg i.p.) were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate in mice, and carragenan-induced...

The psychopharmacological effects of a saponin-rich fraction (SFG) obtained from crude methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark were studied on spontaneous motor activity (SMA), pentobarbitalinduced sleep, motor coordination, amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and stereotyped behaviour, catalepsy, forced swim and tail suspension tests in ro...

The leaves of the plants Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae) and Ficus sycomorus (Moraceae) used in diarrhea treatment in Hausa ethnomedicine of Northern Nigeria were investigated. The study was carried out on parfused isolated rabbit jejunum and castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. The n-butanol extracts: NBD and NBF (0.16- 3.2mg/ml) caused a dose-depend...

To investigate the anticonvulsant activity of root bark extract of Carissa edulis. The median lethal dose (LD(50)) of Carissa edulis extract was determined using Lork's method (1983). The anticonvulsant activity of the extract was assessed in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion in mice and maximal electroshock test (MEST) in chicks, with be...