Agus Purwanto

Universitas Sebelas Maret | UNS · Department of Chemical Engineering

Cathode precursors of lithium-NMC 811 were synthesized by the coprecipitation method using two different nickel sources, namely mixed nickel–cobalt hydroxide precipitate (MHP) and nickel sulfate. The characteristics of the synthesized precursors were compared with the characteristics of the commercial NMC 811 cathode precursor obtained from the int...

Lithium-ion batteries are promising energy storage devices used in several sectors, such as transportation, electronic devices, energy, and industry. The anode is one of the main components of a lithium-ion battery that plays a vital role in the cycle and electrochemical performance of a lithium-ion battery, depending on the active material. Recent...

A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery with excellent energy, high power, high theoretical capacity, economics, reasonable cycle rate, good stability, high-temperature resistance, and environmentally friendly. An anode is one of the main components of a lithium-ion battery. The most frequently used as an anode material is graphite. Graphit...

Doping in Li-ion Battery cathode material has become an interesting subject around the world. LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 is a high energy density cathode material. According to its ability to form particles with a high degree of atomic homogeneity, the co-precipitation method was chosen for the synthesis of the material LiNi0.55Mn0.2Co0.2Fe0.05O2 (Fe-dope...

This study aims to determine the effect of modified LTO synthesis using salt assisted method with various related materials. Salt assisted Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 for lithium-ion batteries with stable rate-capacity were prepared by simple solid state-mixing, followed by high temperature calcination. This process effected the performance of Li-ion kinetics a...

Abundantly available SiO2 (silica) has great potential as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries because it is inexpensive and flexible. However, silicon oxide-based anode material preparation usually requires many complex steps. In this article, we report a facile method for preparing a SiO2/C composite derived from coal combustion fly ash as...

Highly crystalline “zero-strain” Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) has great potential as an alternative material for the anodes in a lithium ion battery. In this research, highly crystalline LTO with impressive electrochemical characteristics was synthesized via a salt-assisted solid-state reaction using TiO2, LiOH, and various amounts of NaCl as a salt additive. T...

High energy and power density with long-lasting cycle performance are the main key feature of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries, making them as one of the top choices for electric vehicle energy storage and power source. Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) specifically LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 is cathode material with high gravimetric and volum...

The dynamic behavior of the lithium-ion battery is evaluated by simulating the full battery system and each corresponding component, including the jellyroll and thin-foil electrodes. The thin-foil electrodes were evaluated using a novel design of split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB), while the jellyroll was evaluated using the split Hopkinson pressur...

The kinetics study of NCA leaching in the HCl system was proposed. Various kinetic models such as shrinking core, logarithmic rate law, and Avrami equation were used to find out the most appropriate kinetic models for this process. The effect of HCl concentrations, leaching temperatures, solid to liquid (S/L) ratio, and leaching duration were obser...

The high throughput and rapid flame-assisted spray pyrolysis method has been adapted to synthesize cathode materials LiNi0.apCo0.15Al0.035O2 (NCA). This method is considered low cost and simple. By varying the precursor solution concentration and sintering temperature, the optimal condition was established at temperature sintering of 800 °C and pre...

In this research, a combination of hydrometallurgy and flame-assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP) to recycle and reproduce LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) waste is proposed. The NCA waste is obtained from a Li-ion battery facility. Valuable metals are extracted in 2 M nitric acid solution and 1.5 M of ecofriendly acetic acid, citric acid and maleic acid sol...

The effect of different calcination temperatures had been successfully analyzed on the LiV3O8 nanorods that were synthesized through the sol-gel method under the thermal, structural, and morphological characterizations. The thermal analysis had revealed the calcination at 400 °C to be enough for removing all the residual solvents from the sol-gel,...

This research was aimed at synthesizing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on zinc(II) and a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC) linker in combination with graphite as anode material in lithium-ion batteries. The MOFs were prepared using sonochemical and solvothermal methods, which led to different materials: [Zn3(BTC)2·12H2O] (MOF 1) and [Zn(BTC...

This paper concerns on characteristics of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA). NCA were synthesized by flame assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP), followed by heat treatment at 800°C for 6 hours. The preparation conditions such as chelating agent and precursor flow rate were varied to optimize NCA particles. Two types of chelating agents were cit...

The battery material production is potentially established in Indonesia, but now its development is still an idea. Further research is required to support a realistic effort of the battery material production to get the optimization of the lithium ion battery material. One of the most desired lithium ion batteries is LiFePO4/C. The advantages of Li...

Lithium Nickel Aluminum Oxide, LiNi0,8Co0,15Al0,05O2, or LiNCA is one of the famous Lithium ion battery with high capacity and high energy density. During production of LiNCA batteries, scrap waste containing metals such as Cobalt Nickel and Aluminum was produced. This waste can’t be released directly to environment and the metal contained had an e...

In the present, battery is one of the promising electrical energy storage. The most widely used is a rechargeable lithium ion battery. However, some challenges, such as explosive and non-environmentally friendly material of lithium ion battery need further research in innovation. LiFePO4/C as cathode of battery offers an answer to overcome the limi...

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (LNMC) material has been successfully made using the coprecipitation method with precipitant agent oxalic acid and tartaric acid. The material that has been made is used as a cathode material in lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries are made namely type 18650 full cell battery. Based on FTIR characterization,...

Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery is one of the secondary battery developed today. One of the important components of Li-Ion is cathode. Lithium Manganese Cobalt (LMCO), the last developed cathode material, had some disadvantage such as not resistant to high temperatures and short cycle performances. While Cathode material of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2.2O2 had s...

The properties of N-isopropylacrylamide copolymerized with N,N-dimethyl(acrylamidopropyl)ammonium propane sulfonate [poly(NIPAM-co-DMAAPS)] prepared with various monomer ratios such as transition temperature, molecular structure, viscosity were systematically investigated in water and Zn(NO3)2 solution. Poly(NIPAM-co-DMAAPS) in water and Zn(NO3)2 s...

Long reaction and long heat treatments have become major obstacles in producing cathode materials NCA (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) for Li-ion batteries. Flame assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP) method followed by sintering process requires shorter reaction and sintering time and considered suitable economical alternative in NCA production. The obtained ter...

A green recycling process of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (NCA) cathode scrap was purposed. Citric acid (C6H8O7) and ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) were used as leaching agent and reductant, respectively. The leaching process was employed at temperature of 90°C, concentration of 1.5 M citric acid and solid to liquid ratio (S/L) of 100 g/L. The eff...

Due to their characteristics of high power, high energy density, high thermal stability and long-life time, NMC metal-based cathode material for lithium ion become one of the most popular material and widely used in the automotive industry. In this study, material of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC 111) was synthesized via urea-assisted solid state met...

p>Li-ion battery is an energy storage device which could be applied as power source for electronic devices. The capacity of a battery is determined by the cathode material. Over this last decade, high nickel content cathode material is applied for electric vehicular technology. This study aims to synthesize a nickel-rich cathode material, LiNi<sub>...

Baterai ion litium (Li-ion) merupakan jenis baterai sekunder (rechargeable battery) yang bekerja menurut fenomena interkalasi, yaitu ion litium berpindah dari katoda melalui elektrolit ke anoda pada proses charging dan sebaliknya pada proses discharging tanpa merubah struktur kristalnya. Baterai Li-ion terdiri atas empat komponen utama yaitu anoda,...

Perkembangan industri tekstil yang pesat di Indonesia telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan limbahnya yang mengandung senyawa karsinogenik dan tidak terdegradasi. Akumulasi limbah bermuatan akan membahayakan ekosistem, memutuskan organisme air dan stabilitas biologisnya. Air limbah tekstil biasanya mengandung logam berat yang berasal dari pewarna yai...

Penyimpanan energi merupakan aspek penting dalam transisi energi di masa depan, sebagai contoh Lithium Ion Batteries (LIB). Dengan kepadatan energi yang tinggi, LIB membutuhkan improvisasi dalam bahan elektrodanya. Katoda LiNiCoAlO2 (NCA) merupakan material elektroda yang cocok untuk LIB karena kapasitas spesifik tinggi serta stabilitas suhu yang b...

p>The use of Li-ion batteries has increased with the increasing of portable electronic media. Li-ion batteries have a life cycle hence a recycling process is needed in order to reduce the potential hazard of waste while increasing the economic value of unused battery material, especially its cathode active material. This study used Lithium Nickel C...

An approach for a fast recycling process for Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA) cathode scrap material without the presence of a reducing agent was proposed. The combination of metal leaching using strong acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) and mixed metal hydroxide co-precipitation followed by heat treatment was investigated to resynthesize NCA. The...

Nickel-rich cathode material, NCA (85:14:1), is successfully synthesized using two different, simple and economical batch methods, i.e., hydroxide co-precipitation (NCA-CP) and the hydroxides solid state reaction method (NCA-SS), followed by heat treatments. Based on the FTIR spectra, all precursor samples exhibit two functional groups of hydroxide...

The synthesis of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (LNMC) material had been performed via hydrothermal method. LNMC materials as Li-ion battery cathode is chosen because it has many advantages, such as the availability of abundant materials, low cost, high capacity and superior performance of the battery. In this research, hydrothermal method is chosen because i...

Lithium titanate, LTO, was synthesized by solid state reaction with Li2CO3 and TiO2 powder as precursors. The result was characterized to investigate its crystal structure, phase content, cell parameters, surface morphology, electrical conductivity and its performance as electrode in a lithium ion battery. XRD analysis with Le Bail refinement showe...

Lithium zirconate, Li2ZrO3 (LZO), was added to graphite anode at various compositions of 0%, 20%, and 30% of weight, and used in a LiFePO4 (LFP) battery fabrication. The battery cells were designated as LFP//G, LFP//20LZOG, and LFP//30LZOG, respectively. Herein, battery performance was tested to understand LZO contribution to the LFP cathode at dif...

In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone sulfur/reduced graphene oxide (S/[email protected]) composite for lithium-sulfur batteries was produced. Reduced graphene oxide is used to improve the conductivity of both ionic and electronic conductivity due to poor sulfur conductivity (5 10⁻³⁰ S cm⁻¹). Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using modified Marcano...

Li-ion or Lithium-ion batteries have become the applicable choice for all types of electronic devices. This review covers the technological development of Co-Al co-doped Lithium Nickel Oxide or LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries over the last two decades. Synthesis methods such as the solid-state reaction, soluti...

In this paper, we present the characteristics and performance of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The membranes were prepared via a phase-inversion method (non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS)). As separators for lithium battery systems, additive modified montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clay served a...

Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Zinc Oxide (PVDF/ZnO) nanocomposite membranes electrolytes were prepared via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. used N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) as a solvent to dissolve the polymer (PVDF) so that different concentrations (–0, 4,5,6, 7and 8 wt. %) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as pore-forming agents. and z...

The electrocatalytic potential of carbon materials makes them the most viable candidate to replace Pt as a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this research, we report our study using graphite, CNT/graphite composite, CNT, and Pt-based CEs in DSSCs. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement showed tha...

The composition of both the polymer solution and the non-solvent determines the resulted membrane morphology during membrane preparation through non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. In the porous polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), a specified porosity and uniform pore membranes are required; therefore prediction of membrane morpho...

The development of Battery Management System (BMS) standards in Indonesia has been carried out causing the FACTS approach. That's approach makes it possible to accommodate all stakeholder requirements. However, the approach has not yet considered a technical review of the regulated standards. Based on this, this study undertook a comprehensive revi...

This study aims to obtain titanium dioxide (TiO2) fine particle with a narrow size distribution by one step production via flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) using LPG (liquid petroleum gas) as a fuel source. The TiO2 particles were synthesized from the aqueous based precursor from dissolving of titanium (IV) isopropoxide to the acidic distilled water sol...

The process in industry, including in mining industry, would surely give negative effect such as waste polluting to the environment. Some of waste could be potentially reutilized to be a commodity with the higher economic value. Tin slag is one of them. The aim of this research was to recover the tin contained in tin slag. Before coming to the elec...

This paper is aimed to evaluate the performance of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries as a storage for stand-alone photovoltaic system during charging and discharging. Monitoring has been conducted based on LabVIEW Interface for Arduino (LIFA). The results show that on the discharge condition during 12 hours, the average current was -1.2A -...

The rapid growth in green technology has resulted in a marked increase in the incorporation of ZnO in energy and optoelectronic devices. Research involving ZnO is being given renewed attention in the quest to fully exploit its promising properties. The purity and state of defects in the ZnO system are optimized through several modifications to the...

Adsorbent gel with the ability to absorb and to desorb Na+ and NO3− ions simultaneously with temperature swing was synthesized by free radical copolymerization reaction of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N,N-dimethyl-(acrylamidopropyl)ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAAPS). In this study, NIPAM acts as a thermosensitive agent and DMAAPS as an adsorb...

The Membranes Polymer Gel Electrolyte (MPGEs) based poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was prepared by a phase inversion method using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a pore-forming agent and N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) as a solvent and water as non solvet. The membranes were then soaked in 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbon...

Fly ash from industrial waste has the potential to be reused. Nano silica content in fly ash quite large and can be used as a filler in Polymer Electrolyte to enhanced lithium-ion battery performance. The purposes of this research were synthesized of nano silica from fly ash and investigated the impact of nano-silica addition on the characteristics...

The paper presents monitoring and assessment system of battery LiFePO₄ performance that applied on a stand-alone photovoltaic system. A stand-alone photovoltaic system is constructed by photovoltaic module 50 Watt Peak, Pulse Width Modulation solar controller, battery module LiFePO₄ battery (12 Volt 21 Ah), and street light 10...

The paper presents monitoring and assessment system of battery LiFePO4 performance that applied on a stand-alone photovoltaic system. A stand-alone photovoltaic system is constructed by photovoltaic module 50 Watt Peak, Pulse Width Modulation solar controller, battery module LiFePO4 battery (12 Volt 21 Ah), and street light 10 watt. To overcome the...

Gel adsorbent produced through the copolymerization reaction between the N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), and N,N-dimethyl(acrylamidopropyl)ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAAPS) has the capability to absorb and desorb ion simultaneously by temperature swing. In this study, NIPAM was used as thermosensitive agent and DMAAPS was used as adesorption agent...

This study reported synthesis and characterization of PVDF (polyvinilidine fluoride) nanofiber membrane using electrospinning method for Li-ion rechargeable battery separator. Electrospinning equipment system consists of a DC high voltage (HV - DC), a controllable spinner and a plate collector. The effects of the applied voltage on morphological pr...

LiCrxMn2−xO4 (x=0; 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08, 0.10) have been successfully synthesized via a facile and simple reflux technique. The SEM-EDS data confirm the presence of Cr, Mn and O elements in the products, while the XRD pattern suggests that the materials have well-developed cubic crystals. Direct method was applied to extract structural parameters...

Metal oxide combined with graphite becomes an interesting composition. TiO2 is a good candidate for Li ion battery anode because of low cost, availability sufficient, and environmentally friendly. The form of TiO2 crystals is highly depended on the synthesis method used. The electrochemical method is beginning to emerge as a valuable option for pre...

The purpose of this research focuses on the effect of imbalanced internal resistance for the drop voltage of LiFePO4 18650 battery system connected in parallel. The battery pack has been assembled consist of two cell battery LiFePO4 18650 that has difference combination of internal resistance. Battery pack was tested with 1/C constant current charg...

Transition metal-doped spinel cathode materials of LiM0.1Mn1.9O4 (M: Co, Ni, Cr) were prepared by solid-state reaction. The structure and morphology of the products were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement and SEM-EDX. The oxidation states of Mn, Co, Ni and Cr were found to be 3+/4+, 2+, 2+ and 3...

We proposed a cost estimation application in determining the feasibility of Li-Ion Battery manufacturing planning. The application is development of previous research about cost estimation model and technical feasibility study in Li-Ion battery manufacturing in mini plant scale. Cost estimation model is constructed in activity-based costing (ABC) m...

This research reported the optical properties and photocatalytic activities of tungsten oxide with platinum co-catalyst addition (WO3/Pt) film. The platinum was deposited on the surface of WO3 particle using photo deposition method, while the film formation of WO3/Pt on the glass substrate was prepared using spray deposition method. The addition of...

Metal oxide combined with graphite becomes interesting composition. TiO2 is a good candidate for Li ion battery anode because of cost, availability of sufficient materials, and environmentally friendly. TiO2 gravimetric capacity varied within a fairly wide range. TiO2crystals form highly depends on the synthesis method used. The electrochemical met...