Agata Gasiorowska

SWPS University | SWPS

The research presented in this paper shows that merely activating the idea of money affects the social behavior and social preferences of young children who do not understand the economic functions of money. From an economic point of view, money is universal, instrumental, and can be defined by the functions that it provides. From the psychological...

According to terror management theory, people deal with the potential for anxiety that results from the knowledge of the inevitability of death by holding on to sources of value that exist within their cultural worldview. Acting prosocially is one such source of value, and previous research suggests that reminders of mortality increase the desire f...

People can get their needs broadly satisfied in two ways: by close communal ties and dealings with people in the marketplace. These modes of relating—termed communal and market—often necessitate qualitatively different motives, behaviors, and mindsets. We reasoned that activating market mode would produce behaviors consistent with it and impair beh...

Rooting our model in the compensatory control theory, we propose that one reason behind the prevalence of market relationships in modern society is that the fundamental need for orderliness makes them psychologically appealing because of the structure they provide. The initial study confirmed that market relationships are perceived as more structur...

This meta-analysis examines correlational and experimental research linking materialism-broadly understood as an excessive focus on acquiring wealth and possessions that convey status-and social well-being-characterised by healthy interpersonal relationships and a sense of social support and integration. We identified 55 reports containing 72 indep...

This chapter looks at common beliefs about depression and its relationship to other aspects of mental health. It describes different research traditions related to lay conceptions of mental disorders: public attitudes, lay theories, and mental health literacy. It then presents the new approach suggesting that depression literacy is only one of two...

Whereas the environmental impact of buying luxury goods is debated, there is evidence that purchasing such products-often referred to as conspicuous consumption-can be more sustainable than hoarding cheaper alternatives because luxury goods are more durable and are often passed down through generations, resulting in fewer resources being consumed b...

Research has shown that hungry individuals are more impulsive, impatient, and prone to make indulgent food choices compared to their satiated counterparts. However, the literature is still mixed, with some studies showing such results while others fail to demonstrate hunger effects on consumers’ choice behavior. The current cross-sectional study (N...

The multidimensional etiology of pain may explain the beneficial effects of regular physical activity, as evidenced by increased pain tolerance. Physically active people find it easier to exert themselves, which enables them to increase their physical activity, which in turn leads to a reduction in pain. However, no study investigated the physical...

Our study aims to contribute to the existing body of research on age-related changes in decision-making by investigating susceptibility to the attraction effect across adulthood. Prior studies have produced inconsistent conclusions regarding the decision-making abilities of older individuals with some portraying them as easily manipulated and risk-...

We examined the role of work-related emotions and personal resources operationalised as psychological capital (PsyCap) in the relationship between events occurring at work and employees’ work engagement. Using affective events theory and broaden-and-build theory as theoretical frameworks, we theorise that the perceived frequency of positive and neg...

Building upon Gasiorowska and Zaleskiewicz's (2021, 2023), we explored how a control threat and attachment style influence social relationship preferences. This experiment aimed to investigate how experiencing a control threat affects individuals with secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment patterns when they can choose between seeking assistance...

Examination dishonesty is a global problem that became particularly critical after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the shift to remote learning. Academic research has often examined this phenomenon as only one aspect of a broader concept of academic dishonesty and as a one-dimensional construct. This article builds on existing knowledge a...

Total hip and knee replacements are the most common orthopedic procedures performed due to osteoarthritis. Pain is an intrinsic symptom accompanying osteoarthritis, persisting long before surgery, and continuing during the preoperative and postoperative periods. Appropriate pain management after surgery determines the comfort, duration, and cost of...

Background: Pain, a subjective sensation, poses a great challenge to the human body as a stressor. There is empirical evidence that moderate to intense physical activity increases pain tolerance and this may be critical during pregnancy for optimal pregnancy, fetal development, and delivery. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study exami...

Prior research has demonstrated that adopting the market mindset hinders interpersonal trust. In the present work, we show that this effect is not universal, as trust can rise when people with the market mindset perceive the situation as resembling market-pricing principles. We start by showing that the Trust Game represents an interaction that peo...

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the variables that are usually considered predictors of participation in the stock market, such as gender, age, education, income, and financial risk attitude, are also useful for predicting participation in the cryptocurrency market. We conducted a unique survey of 1,036 adult participants from I...

Consumers often use their food choices as an impression management strategy to signal desirable aspects about themselves to others, especially in public places like restaurants and cafeterias, where the presence of others can promote certain consumption choices and preference patterns. In mating contexts, people prefer gender-typical traits and cha...

Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity-variation...

Under high pathogen threat, it is adaptive for humans to find mates with high immunocompetence. Supporting this, research shows that pathogen cues increase humans’ preference for physical attractiveness—an indicator of a well-functioning immune system—among their potential mates. Building on this literature, we examined whether exposure to videos d...

Background Depression literacy has received extensive attention within mental health research. It has been studied by different social groups and professions in Western and non-Western cultures. The importance of this topic stems from the fact that depression literacy is strongly related to attitudes toward people who are diagnosed with depression,...

In two studies, we examined the effects of a control threat and attachment orientation on people’s preferences for market relationships. In Study 1, experiencing a control threat increased the willingness to seek practical support in the market rather than ask a close person for help among participants with higher attachment anxiety. In a well-powe...

Humans have a motivational system that influences cognition and behavior to minimize the risk of contact with pathogens. This research examines the relationship between cyberspace disease salience and mobility behavior at the macro and micro levels. Across two studies, we predict and find that people adjust their mobility behavior to minimize the r...

One of the genes associated with pain perception is SCN9A, which encodes an α-subunit of the voltage gated sodium channel, NaV1.7, a crucial player in peripheral pain sensation. It has been suggested that a common missense polymorphism within SCN9A (rs6746030; G>A; R1150W) may affect nociception in the general population, but its effects of pain pe...

People with a market mindset attend to ratios and rates, and allocate rewards adequately to costs but are less sensitive to feelings. In this project, we demonstrate that activating a market mindset also affects people’s acceptance of free-market principles and their endorsement of individualizing moral dimensions—care/harm and fairness/cheating. E...

The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics and factors related to pain perception in pregnant women, such as optimism, personality traits, and fear of developing COVID-19 consequences. Sixty-six pregnant women aged 23 to 42 years participated in the study, and the comparison group consisted of n = 59 non-pregnant female students aged...

Recent research has pointed to cross-cultural differences with regard to preferences for the directions that societies should take in their development. From an individual’s perspective, these directions might be understood as ‘goals’, i.e., internal representations of desired end states. To date, research on individual differences that determine p...

Despite the fact that age is associated with higher religiosity, the aging European population has experienced a noticeable religiosity decline over recent decades. This study aimed to explain this paradox and to link it to an intergenerational shift in the pattern of values (as conceptualized by Shalom Schwartz). We conducted extended mediation an...

In a series of five experiments, we provided evidence that evoking the market mindset negatively affects trust. We found that the market mindset reduces trust compared to the communal mindset (Experiment 1) and a neutral condition (Experiment 2). Next, we examined the psychological mechanisms behind the detrimental effect of the market mindset on t...

Despite the fact that age is associated with higher religiosity, the aging European population has experienced a noticeable religiosity decline over recent decades. This study aimed to explain this paradox and to link it to an intergenerational shift in the pattern of values (as conceptualized by Shalom Schwartz). We conducted extended mediation an...

People differ in the extent to which they express a need for sense-making (NSM), and these individual differences are important to understand in light of meaning-making processes. To quantify this important variable, we originally proposed a need for sense-making scale. We now propose a refined, similarly reliable short version of the scale (NSM-SF...

In three studies, we document the validity of the Polish version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ)-a 24-item self-report measure that captures how people vary across six dimensions that make up a healthy emotional life. Study 1 provides support for the proposed factorial structure of the Polish version of the scale and gender measurement i...

Attachment theory has recently been recognized as a potentially fruitful avenue for studying consumer behavior. However, few studies have examined the relationship between attachment styles and consumer preferences. Based on literature suggesting that individuals with an anxious attachment style have a particularly strong need for attention, we con...

In a series of six experiments, we provided evidence that evoking the market mindset negatively affects trust. We found that the market mindset reduces trust compared to the communal mindset (Experiment 1) and compared to a neutral condition (Experiment 2). We excluded alternative explanations by demonstrating that the market mindset negatively aff...

Humans have a motivational system that influences cognition and behavior to minimize the risk of contact with pathogens whenever cues to disease emerge. The current research examines the relationship between cyberspace disease salience and mobility behavior at the macro and micro levels. Across three studies, we predict and find that people adjust...

Commentary to Milyavsky, M., Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M., Chernikova, M., Ellenberg, M., & Pierro, A. (2022). People Who Need People (and Some Who Think They Don’t): On Compensatory Personal and Social Means of Goal Pursuit. Psychological Inquiry. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/huyb4

Attachment theory has recently been recognized as a potentially fruitful avenue for studying consumer behavior. However, few studies have examined the relationship between attachment styles and consumer preferences. Based on literature suggesting that individuals with anxious attachment styles have a particularly strong need for attention, we hypot...

In four studies, we document the validity of the Polish version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ)—a 24-item self-report measure that captures how people vary across six dimensions that make up a healthy emotional life. Study 1 provides support for the proposed factorial structure of the Polish version of the scale. Study 2 demonstrates the...

Winter cues signal a scarcity of food. Birds and mammals respond to such environmental cues by consuming more energy. They convert this surplus into body fat that serves as a buffer against impending food shortages. Similarly, humans exhibit higher obesity rates among food-insecure populations. However, to date, it has been unclear whether winter c...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reduced the sense of security of people in everyday life. The efforts of managers in the workplace to minimize the health risks and economic damage, however, can provide the employees with a greater sense of security. The aim of this study was to identify the types of workplace responses to the p...

Winter cues signal a scarcity of food. Birds and mammals respond to such environmental cues by consuming more energy. They convert this surplus into body fat that serves as a buffer against impending food shortages. Similarly, humans exhibit higher obesity rates among food-insecure populations. However, to date, it has been unclear whether winter c...

We consider need for sense-making a personal resource and propose that people differ in their levels of this need. We present results of five studies (N = 879) that tested Need for Sense-Making Scale (NSM). The scale is unidimensional, highly reliable, and has satisfactory construct and criterion validity. Need for sense-making was moderately posit...

When making financial decisions, people often use recommendations from professional advisors. However, before doing so, they must first recognize whether the experts to whom they turn for advice are competent and trustworthy. In the present paper, we show that decision-makers ascribe greater authority to those financial advisors whose recommendatio...

We show that exposure to market relationships increases people’s tendency to make utilitarian moral choices by means of proportional thinking—the definitional feature of the market mindset. In Experiment 1, participants primed with market relationships made more utilitarian choices in both the trolley and the footbridge dilemmas. In Experiment 2, p...

We define the need for sense-making as the desire to find reliable connections between the objects, situations, and relationships that people encounter. We have proposed and tested that there are possible individual differences in the need for sense-making and that these individual differences are insightful in characterizing individuals and their...

In four studies, we document the development and validation of the Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ)-a 24-item self-report measure that captures how people vary across 6 dimensions that make up a healthy emotional life. These 6 dimensions (Outlook, Resilience, Social Intuition, Self-Awareness, Sensitivity to Context, and Attention) are based on a...

We report six studies and one meta-analysis showing that being exposed to money reminders decreases death-related cognition. Experiment 1 found that participants exposed to money cues generated fewer death-related words in a word-stem completion task compared to controls. The remaining experiments manipulated both mortality thoughts and money cues,...

In real life, people engage in interactive decision processes by consulting with experts. However, before taking advice, they must recognise the authority of an expert to assess the quality of the advice. The main goal of this research was to investigate how the confirmation effect affects lay evaluations of the epistemic authority of financial exp...

Badania pokazują, że w odpowiednich warunkach nawet wymuszona autoprezentacja może doprowadzić do zmian w samowiedzy. Ważną rolę w tej relacji odgrywa kilka czynników, w tym m.in. poziom samoświadomości. Celem eksperymentu było sprawdzenie, czy dojdzie do zmiany percepcji siebie w kierunku zgodnym z narzuconą autoprezentacją podczas podejmowania de...

Celem prezentowanej pracy było zweryfikowanie relacji między psychologicznym znaczeniem pieniędzy i makiawelizmem. Zgodnie z wynikami dotychczasowych badań pieniądze wzmagają koncentrację na sobie i własnych celach, skłaniają do zatrzymywania zasobów istotnych do ich realizacji i do postrzegania relacji społecznych bardziej przez pryzmat reguł wymi...

The aim of this paper was to verify the relation between psychological meaning of money and Machiavellianism. According to recent research, money bolsters self-focus and focus on own goals, motivates to keep resources that are inevitable to reach those goals, and changes the perception of social world from community mode to market-pricing mode, and...

The goal of this experimental project was to investigate lay peoples’ perceptions of epistemic authority (EA) in the field of finance. EA is defined as the extent to which a source of information is treated as evidence for judgments independently of its objective expertise and based on subjective beliefs. Previous research suggested that EA evaluat...

Style zarządzania domowym budżetem nie były do tej pory przedmiotem badań polskich badaczy, istnieją natomiast dość obszerne wyniki badań brytyjskich, pokazujące, że można je wyodrębnić między innymi na podstawie informacji o tym czy łączone są wypłaty partnerów oraz kto jest odpowiedzialny za gospodarowanie pieniędzmi. Głównym celem niniejszego ba...

Style zarządzania domowym budżetem nie były do tej pory przedmiotem badań polskich badaczy, istnieją natomiast dość obszerne wyniki badań brytyjskich, pokazujące, że można je wyodrębnić między innymi na podstawie informacji o tym czy łączone są wypłaty partnerów oraz kto jest odpowiedzialny za gospodarowanie pieniędzmi. Głównym celem niniejszego ba...

Badanie miało na celu sprawdzenie, w jaki sposób laicy oceniają autorytet epistemiczny (AE) ekspertów finansowych. Autorytet epistemiczny jest rozumiany jako źródło informacji, uznane przez jednostkę na podstawie subiektywnych ocen za wiarygodne tak bardzo, że stanowi podstawę jej własnych sądów (Kruglanski, 1989). Dotychczasowe badania dotyczące A...

Prior research has showed that the subjective perception of objective wealth might be affected by various individual difference variables, such as one’s love of money, level of desires, or materialistic inclinations. This paper examines an impact of attitudes towards money on the relation between personal net income and household income, and its su...

This chapter aims to demonstrate the psychological consequences of money. It begins by explaining how the disciplines of economics and psychology differ in how they define the main functions of money and the role it plays in people's lives. The chapter then argues that the invention of money several thousand years ago changed the system of trade (b...

Badania z nurtu psychologii pieniędzy, zarówno te z połowy dwudziestego wieku, jak i prowadzone współcześnie pokazują, że na postrzeganie cech fizycznych pieniędzy, a szczególnie ich wielkości, mają wpływ nie tylko procesy poznawcze, ale - w dużej mierze -procesy emocjonalne. W związku z tym, celem niniejszego artykułu było wykazanie, że szacowanie...

Prior research has showed that the subjective perception of objective wealth might be affected by various individual difference variables, such as one’s love of money, level of aspirations, and materialistic inclinations. This paper examines a model of subjective wealth that controls attitudes toward money and objective wealth. Subjective wealth ha...

Symboliczne znaczenie pieniędzy, nie powiązane z osiąganiem żadnych zysków czy strat finansowych, od kilku lat testowane jest w badaniach opartych na procedurze prymowania idei pieniędzy, zapoczątkowanych przez Kathlenn D. Vohs. W eksperymentach tych uczestnicy losowo przyporządkowywani są do grupy, w której są wystawieni na kontakt z pieniędzmi (n...

Dotychczasowe badania nad zakupami impulsywnymi sugerują istnienie indywidualnych różnic wzakresie skłonności do takiego sposobu kupowania. Niniej-szy artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań, których celem była konstrukcja iweryfika-cja wielowymiarowej skali do pomiaru skłonności do kupowania impulsywnego (SKI). Skala ta składa się zpięciu podwymiarów, rep...

Four studies tested the idea that saving money can buffer death anxiety and constitute a more effective buffer than spending money. Saving can relieve future-related anxiety and provide people with a sense of control over their fate, thereby rendering death thoughts less threatening. Study 1 found that participants primed with both saving and spend...

The aim of this paper was to verify if money reminders will influence the tendency to spend one’s resources on kin and friends. Previous research concerned with the mere exposure to money concentrated only on behaviors directed at anonymous partners. However, in such a situation the reciprocity rule is of less impor- tance than when behavior is dir...

Postawy wobec pieniędzy to ogół względnie trwałych dyspozycji do oceniania pieniędzy i emocjonalnego reagowania na nie, oraz towarzyszących im przeko-nań o naturze i własnościach pieniędzy oraz dyspozycji do określonego rodzaju zachowania związanego z pieniędzmi. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia propozycję skali, która mierzy ten konstrukt. Skala post...

Skala SPP jest oryginalnym, polskim narzędziem do oceny poznawczych, emocjonalnych i behawioralnych aspektów postaw wobec pieniędzy. Ze względu na jego znaczną długość, w niniejszym artykule zaproponowano skróconą wersję skali SPP-25, do której pozycje dobrano na podstawie analizy ładunków czynnikowych i współczynników dyskryminacji pozycji orygina...

Psychological consequences of money and money attitudes in dictator game According to the research conducted by Vohs, Mead, and Goode (2006, 2008), reminders of money cause people to behave self-sufficiently, and especially to reveal a reduced tendency to charitable behaviour. In this study, we wanted to establish if this tendency would be present...

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of money attitude on the per-ception of own financial standing. The typological approach to attitudes towards money was used, thus it concentrates on two instrumental (reflective managers and detached hedonists) and two symbolic attitudes (anxious admirers and money repel-lers). People presenting va...

The behavioural approach to consumer decision-making focuses on impulse buying tendency as an individual trait that (in certain circumstances) leads to an act of impulse buying. Many authors believe that this trait is related to general impulsiveness as a temperamental factor. However, there is no precise data on the temperamental background of imp...

Praca dotyczy modelu satysfakcji z sytuacji finansowej jednostki, który uwzględnia nie tylko obiektywne wskaźniki dobrostanu ekonomicznego (dochód), ale także postawy wobec pieniędzy. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają przede wszystkim założenie, że subiektywny dobrostan ekonomiczny zależy nie tylko od jego obiektywnych wskaźników, ale także od prezentow...

Jakkolwiek wszyscy ludzie we współczesnej cywilizacji zachodniej posługują się takim samym lub podobnym pieniądzem, nie traktują go jednakowo, różnią się znacznie jeśli chodzi o stosunek do pieniędzy czy też miejsce, jakie przypisują mu w swoim życiu (Tyszka, Zaleśkiewicz, 2004). Jedni uważają że pieniądze szczęścia nie dają, inni – że pieniądz krę...

Kupowanie impulsywne to nie tylko impulsy do zakupu wywołane poprzez zabiegi marketingowe, ale także stała skłonność, warunkowana różnicami indywidualnymi. Dotychczasowe badania sugerują odmienny charakter indywidualnych uwarunkowań analizowanego zjawiska u kobiet i u mężczyzn. Niniejsza praca weryfikuje hipotezę o odmiennym charakterze związku kup...

W artykule zostały porównane dwa podejścia do pomiaru i interpretacji preferencji zawodowych. Klasyczne ujęcie preferencji zawodowych Hollanda, z nowym zintergrowanym podejściem badania zainteresowań zawodowych we współczesnej rzeczywistości rynkowej.

Praktycy marketingu uważają, iż impulsywne podejmowanie decyzji przez konsumenta jest bardzo istotnym zjawiskiem we współczesnym świecie. Szacuje się, że około 80% zakupów w niektórych kategoriach produktowych i od 30 do 50% wszystkich zakupów w supermarketach to właśnie zakupy impulsywne 1 . Zjawisko kupowania impulsywnego nie jest jednak dobrze z...

Although compulsive buying is a common phenomenon in Western countries, there is no agreement upon its definition and influencing factors. Also, there are no Polish research on this topic. The aim of the paper is to present the variety of approaches and definition, and to point out the probable consequences determining factors, including social, si...

This paper examines a model of economic status satisfaction (money satisfaction) that controls attitudes toward money, income level and gender. Money attitudes were measured with SPP scale (Gąsiorowska, 2003), fully developed in Polish environment, and better adjusted to Polish conditions than other money attitudes scales. In the first study, path...

Vyd. 1. "Fond mikroprojektů Euroregionu Nisa, OP PS Cíl 3 Česká republika - Polsko, reg. č. CZ.3.22/3.3.01/09.01491" Nad názvem: Technická univerzita v Liberci, Ekonomická fakulta - Univerzita Nisa

Vyd. 1. "OWT 2007-2013 Fundusz Mikroprojektów Cel 3 (Cechy-Polska) w Euroregionie Nysa, numer reg. CZ.3.22/3.3.01/09.01491" Nad názvem: Uniwersytet Techniczny w Libercu, Wydział Ekonomii - Uniwersytet Nysa