Adriana Florina Popa

• PhD
• Professor at Bucharest University of Economic Studies

The past performance and the capital structure of the companies that are involved in mergers and acquisition (M&As) are considered into the analysis of the circular causality relationship between financial performance and market value. Considering two models, one for value relevance and one for accounting conservatism, this paper aims to analyze if...

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on workforce skill requirements as AI becomes increasingly integrated into business operations. Using foresight analysis and scenario-based methods, we anticipate the necessary skills for future AI-integrated workplaces. A SWOT analysis evaluates three potential paths for AI adoption—gr...

This paper examines the value relevance of ESG scores (environmental, social and governance) before, during, and after tumultuous economic periods (including the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID−19 pandemic) taking into consideration a company’s financial performance. The analysis, using Ohlson’s price model, is based on a sample of companies li...

The COVID-19 pandemic represented a tremendous shock for both public and private sectors and put pressure on the economic environment alongside national healthcare systems. Our article examined the economic resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU Member States and assessed if countries with more intense use of digitalization instruments (...

This paper aims to identify the possible factors that influence the value added tax gap – the VAT gap. The VAT gap is an estimate of the unpaid VAT in the economy, calculated as the difference between the theoretical obligation for the value added tax that can be collected in respect with all the transactions in the economy and the actual VAT paid...

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) of the IFRS Foundation support the integrated reporting of companies’ financial and sustainability performance to stakeholders. This paper aims to investigate whether financial and environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) pra...

In the last decades, numerous financial scandals were reported, many related to earnings manipulation and fraud financial reporting. Analytical models were designed and estimation techniques were improved. However, current design of those models suffers from some limitations. The objective of our study is to bring improvements to the analytical mod...

This paper aims to identify the possible factors that influence the value added tax gap – the VAT gap. The VAT gap is an estimate of the unpaid VAT in the economy, calculated as the difference between the theoretical obligation for the value added tax that can be collected in respect with all the transactions in the economy and the actual VAT paid...

The research comprises the importance of the accounting information provided in the financial statements with the purpose of having an effective and efficient decision-making process. The accounting information has to be clear, accurate and precise in order to present an objective and real image of the company. At the same time, the financial state...

The pandemic has accelerated the existing trends, of which digitalization particularly stood out, a growing number of persons and companies operating in the online environment, and has emphasized the issues related to the current taxation system of the companies. These trends have a major impact on existing tax bases and lead to the need to reflect...

The aim of our study was to analyze whether the increase in the use of renewable energy can help GDP growth. The research carried out shows that renewable energy has the ability to decrease or neutralize the negative impact of greenhouse gases (GHG), but also to maintain economic growth. We focused our analysis on the EU-28 as we know that the EU C...

The purpose of this article is to perform an analysis of budget revenues and expenditures in the contextof the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis shows that this pandemic will challenge the European economies,as they may face major imbalances in the coming years. At the same time, the estimated budget deficitfor the end of 2020 and for 2021 was analys...

On November 2020, the Law No. 239/2020 for amending and supplementing Law No. 227/2015 on the Fiscal Code introduced an incentive regarding early education. Thus, according to the law mentioned, expenses with early education are not deductible when the income tax is calculated, but taxpayers that incur this type of expenses subside them from the in...

Social protection systems are a key factor for ensuring the long-term sustainability and stability of economies in the European Union, their reform being nowadays present in the political agenda of member states. Aging and the dependence on mandatory levies applied to the employed population on the labor market represent a threat for the sustainabi...

Those who benefit from income obtained through salaries owe a final monthly tax that is calculated and deducted at source by the income payers. In this article, we present aspects regarding exemptions from the payment of income tax according to the Fiscal Code and the related Implementing Rules, alongside a series of examples, in order to provide t...

In this article we present income tax matters regarding the reporting of tax losses and tax redemptions through the reinvestment of profit or deduction of the acquisition cost of electronic cash registers, according to the Fiscal Code and the related Implementing rules.

Esti un antreprenor/manager aflat in cautarea de noi informatii privind intelegerea anumitor aspecte referitoare la situatia actuala, dinamica si perspectivele afacerii tale? Esti un contabil interesat de extinderea portofoliului de servicii din sfera contabilitatii prin interconectarea acestora cu informatii ce vizeaza analiza economico-financiara...

The present article represents an analysis regarding the effects of the current challenges posed mainly by digitalisation, but also by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, on professional bodies and the continuing professional development of their members. In the constant fight for adaptation and survival carried out both in their own interest and in that...

The present article represents an analysis regarding the effects of the current challenges posed mainly by digitalisation, but also by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, on professional bodies and the continuing professional development of their members. In the constant fight for adaptation and survival carried out both in their own interest and in that...

Romanian legislation does not include concrete regulations on the accounting treatment of crypto­currencies. They are not recognized as currencies traded on a regulated market and cannot be categorized as “classic” currencies under the laws in this field. Moreover, given the lack of rules and supervision regarding virtual currencies at global level...

The purpose if this study was to analyse the impact of FDI inflows on GDP growth and to present if the COVID-19 crisis can impact the CEE economies growth perspective even more than in the current situation. The study confirms that attracting foreign capital is beneficial for an economy, despite the views considering that they may affect the local...

In this difficult period, the support of tax authorities, who have adopted a series of economic, tax and budget measures, is very important. What tax and procedural support measures are available in this period in which the fight against the effects of the coronavirus pandemic seems to use up all of our resources? In the present article we aim to a...

The digital era provides new opportunities for innovation and economic growth. Fiscally, it creates opportunities for tax administrations to reduce tax evasion. On the other hand, the changing business models create international pressure on the tax system. The current requirements were established at the beginning of the 20th century for tradition...

In this article, through a normative essential research, we present the new provisions of the Romanian law which allow the payment of interim (though the law calls it quarterly) dividend and show that it is very costly and difficult for large companies to use them. We also analyze the legal provisions of IFRS regarding the payment of dividends and...

Apparently, defining fiscal behavior is a relatively easy approach, but in essence, this concept requires the research of several elements, both economic and psychological. The taxpayer is the component of the tax system that reflects the fiscal policy and, implicitly, its changes. Thus, research in the field has shown that two types of behavior ca...

The accounting profession must comply with the provisions of the Regulation no. 679 of 27 April 2016 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and repealing Directive 95/46 (“GDPR”). GDPR requires companies to take mandatory technical and organizational measures to demonstr...

The recent global financial crisis has raised a number of questions with regard to corporate governance of banking financial institutions. There was a series of “voices” that expressed their concern and even the lack of confidence in the role of corporate governance at the banking system level, and not only, in preventing the effects of this crisis...

All types of companies providing financial professional services use, formally or informally, marketing principles and tools for the development of their business, in order to straighten their sustainability. By the end of 2009, in Romania, the financial professional services market has had a relatively constant and predictable development, the man...

Financial performance is the objective of any economic entity, regardless the domain it activates in. From the decision-making process perspective, the corporate tax is included in the equation of financial performance, considering that it has multiple informational facets at the company's level. Considering the computation formula for the due tax...

As the theory states, accounting and taxation have a common objective in terms of result. Specific concerns often lead to the application of different and, sometimes, contradictory rules. Thus, while the accounting result reflects the application of accounting principles for an accurate measurement of activity, the fiscal result shows the tax autho...

We find ourselves in the beginning of the XXIst century, when the general trend is to focus on the future and anticipate the upcoming trends, while leaving the past aside. Being deeply rooted in the present and in the future, the past seems irrelevant. Nevertheless, we consider as being useful to look back and to configure the main events in the ev...

In an unstable and uncertain current economic context, taxation plays an important role especially in countries where an acceleration of fiscal consolidation is attempted. Moreover, analyzed from the internal market point of view, taxation is responsible for shortages and prevents economic operators to make full use of their resources. The company...

In the early 2000s, the phenomenon of globalization of economies led to much reconsideration in the Romanian accounting. At that time, the economic, domestic and international context, characterized by extraordinary dynamics of international capital flows, required greater concern for the quality and credibility of accounting information improvemen...

Even if there is a real need of a set of key performance indicators for small and mediumsized enterprises, this is not yet considered to be satisfied. Our research is focused on two main aspects, each of them individually important for the users of accounting information: the basic indicators specific for analysing operational performance and for d...

The present research is focused on the value of discretional accruals estimated under the Romanian Accounting Regulations, as well as under the International Financial Reporting Standards referential. The purpose of our research was to provide evidence about the importance granted by the auditor when the value of discretional accruals is encountere...

Given the nowadays economic instability, we might consider that financial auditors could have been one of the important triggers for the economic crisis. Companies that, shortly after undergoing financial audits and publishing their financial statements, seemed to display a viable and true and fair view of their performance in the financial stateme...

The modifications related to the fiscal regulations in Romania that refer to the VAT encashment system are considered as a fiscal relief for companies. Our purpose is to analyze the way in which the VAT encashment system becomes efficient and companies can benefit from the advantages offered by it. Taking into account the variety of domains in...

Accounting is the social science that developed and constantly improved in order to meet the information needed for each stage of the society evolution. In its turn, the financial reporting system was frequently reconsidered in order to harmonize the supply and demand for accounting information. The main objective of this study is to create a fresc...

The increasing trend for globalization of markets creates a growing need for a global harmonization of accounting standards, and, in the same time, leads to the development of harmonized, but independent, tax accounting principles. This economic environment has consequences on the complexity of normalizations process in these two areas. Additionall...

The connection between the information gathered though the Academic environment and the necessary information used in working activities cannot be denied. In the economic process, the accounting culture plays an important role, as its focuses on services regarding information that is used by all stakeholders. The present research focuses on establi...

The world is hosting significant environmental challenges nowadays. As a direct consequence, the world community becomes more aware of the need to tighten environmental controls, as well as to sustain and develop a positive role in the future environmental policy. Theory can help us understand the characteristics of economic approaches in the most...

The price volatility form the food area influence not only the producer's activity, but also the financial auditor one. Taking into account that its quantification is extremely important, the use of GARCH models mitigates the risk related with excessive price increasing. The present research is focusing on pointing out such models for 5 good from f...

With the installment of the economic crisis, there have been numerous question marks related to the level of credibility of reports delivered by the financial auditors. As to counter the effects of the economic crisis, there have been taken measures to stabilize the financial system, where an important role is being attributed to banks, rating agen...

The rapid development of financial audit and its applicability can be an important factor for the development of a company. The explication is that the financial auditors are not require to account for the company’s transactions, but they have to check the elements from their financial statements taking into account principles, postulates and the c...

The accounting information is essentially destined to an external usage; therefore a common language is required. As a result, accounting must be normalized, for providing credible information, through its fair view and the certainty that the same transaction is equally analyzed and transformed by its users. There is accounting normalization in mos...

Education in our country must take into account cultural diversity. Diversity in which we live can be regarded as a source of conflict as well as wealth, that problem (that needs solving), but as resource (generating development). This diversity requires special education policy that addresses the relationship between people belonging to cultures a...

The purpose of this paper is to present the perspectives of using XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) as a tool for financial auditors considering the increasing coverage of this language for financial reporting. We performed an extensive literature review concerning XBRL utilization in Europe and in the US and identified several key area...

This paper presents a new approach in evaluating risks of material misstatements in financial audit using dependency structure matrices (DSM). This perspective allows the identification of significant audit risks and can be used by audit managers to optimise resource allocation by focusing on higher risk areas. DSM matrix is widely used in other ar...

Modern economic theories reject the generalization of theories concerning the economic and financial crises. Each financial crisis is unique, a historic accident, generated by specific factors in a certain socio-economic and political set-up. According to these theories, crises cannot be anticipated so as to minimize their negative effects. In spit...

While the organizational culture and the professional culture are centered on serving the customer, the accounting and audit culture are focused on helping all accounting users. Mainly, culture operates with information that is prepared, disclosed and, in the same time, interpreted by its receivers and senders. The way each of us interprets the inf...

This paper is based on the assumption that there is a strong influence between the intangible assets on the financial value and the performance of a business. This is more obvious especially in the case of the businesses which require a considerable creativity or are science-based. Among others, we can mention the significant difference between the...

The present study will bring into discussion possible ways of changing the approach of teaching and learning in the current developing academic environment on a case of 1st year students. We are examining the appropriate ways of adapting and improving the teaching accounting methodology. This need for change emerges from several of reasons, among w...

Development of trade, as well as its dynamics in the context of globalization, have created the premises of acceleration in the commercial distribution networks expansion, with immediate effects in the sphere of law. Transgression, moreover, was predictable and any legal implication in economics, as well that of the judiciary system in the economy...

Lately, at the international level, the accounting has been submitted to a comprehensive process of convergence and reconfiguration, which aims to eliminate the disagreements between different accounting systems. The accounting for the SMEs also joined this mechanism, when the IASB developed the IFRS for SMEs in 2009. On the same line, in 2011, the...

The problem regarding the financial performance of the companies is related not only with the critical examination of them, but also with the evaluation realized by the audit team regarding company’s financial statements. As a fact, the lower the financial performance is, more importance to audit practices is conferred. This study is going to eval...

The environmental taxation is one of the most important economic areas as it brings about important revenues to the government. There is a problem though that in many countries, the environmental taxation is still regressive, that is the low income households have to pay a larger amount of money then the high income households. This article focuses...

How can we reconcile economic and social progress without endangering the natural balance of the planet? How can we spread the wealth between developed and less developed ones? How to ensure a decent living for millions of men, women and children in danger, where the planet already seems stifled by excessive exploitation of natural resources? And e...

The problem regarding the financial performance of the companies is related not only with the critical examination of them, but also with the evaluation realized by the audit team regarding company’s financial statements. As a fact, the lower the financial performance is, more importance to audit practices is conferred. This study is going to evalu...

As the present financial markets have broadened and deepened, increasing numbers of firms are utilizing innovative financial instruments to accomplish business objectives and enhance shareholder value. It is crucial for the financial managers to keep abreast of available financial instruments, the business settings in which these instruments can cr...

Almost nothing can be done nowadays without the thought of obtaining performance, of reaching high performance result. The many uses of this word almost lead to the loss of its substance and to the appearance of at least one doubt about still knowing how to obtain the performance. This is exactly what this study intends to do, bringing into questio...

Significant amounts from the European Union budget are allocated to agriculture nowadays. This is a reality that has impact in the accounting area, which must be reconsidered in order to satisfy the informational needs of this activity sector. The Romanian agriculture also benefits of financial support from the European Union, which imposes certain...

Sustainable development requires changes in accounting in order to satisfy theaccounting information users in their specific environmental decisions for attaining thegoals set by this concept. With this end of view, the research team focuses on thefollowing aspects: to define the environmental accounting and its position in theaccounting system; to...

The European funds are the instruments used for putting the Union policies into practice, a wide range of activities, including the agriculture, being financed by them. In order to align the Romanian agriculture to the European standards, our country was granted with irredeemable European funds in the pre-accession period (the SAPARD program). As a...

In the early 2000s, the accounting has been connected to the international realities. From that moment on, we have witnessed an extraordinary dynamic of the Romanian accounting, evidenced by the many changes that have occurred in the accounting rules. Internationally, the dynamism is also the main feature of today's accounting. We witness almost an...

In this paper, the research team plans to show the way the accounting culture should influence the accounting profession and vice-versa. For achieving this target, the team intends to look for answers to the following questions: 1. Which is the relation between culture and behavior in an organization? 2. Why is important for accountants to be aware...

The authors aim to make a study concerning the computation of the total management costs under the Total Quality Management paradigm in the Romanian companies and to present the conclusions of the study conducted. We examine the determinants of using the costs information.

Regional development has been defined as a process that has good effects on economic growth. This growth supposes both the expansion of regions’ productivity capacities and the increase of demand for these regions. Investment projects in Romania that will be financed from structural funds will be analyzed using a practical method used in the financ...

While most executives rely on their reasoning and on the idea promoted by the modern management concepts, it is generally accepted that the possibility of assessing the economic benefits either in advance or even retrospectively is almost impossible. This paper intends to present a model for explaining and predicting the management decisions using...

The Romanian acceptance in the European Union space provided an ample opportunity for re- consideration to the agricultural sector, which has its pillars on the European funding. It is a context that should be exploited to the maximum rates due to the fact that, nowadays, worldwide, the idea that the most profound crisis that humankind will experie...