Adrián Escudero Tena

• Ph.D.
• Sport Science at University of Extremadura

A better understanding of the demands of in-game competition demands may improve coaching strategies, training designs, and injury prevention programs. However, there is limited information regarding performance analysis in professional padel. This study aimed to analyse performance indicators and their influence on match outcomes regarding sex, to...

Despite the growth of research on padel, available literature is mainly focused on male samples of modest size. This study characterised the differences in performance between men’s and women’s top-class padel players competing in the World Padel Tour (WPT) across four entire seasons (2016–19). Game performance indications from 1070 sets (532 match...

The objective was to analyze the effectiveness in men’s and women’s professional padel of errors and winners depending on the type of shot and the importance of the situation during each game. In addition, differences between men and women were identified. The sample was made up of 2759 points corresponding to the games that finished with a golden...

The aims were to I. assess the differences in unforced errors between men’s and women’s professional padel players, II. assess the differences in unforced errors between winners and losers of the set in professional padel players, III. analyse the evolution of unforced errors in professional padel. To do this, the unforced errors (which are provide...

Purpose: This study analyzed the effectiveness of net exchanges (ie, number of times the pairs exchange their zone on the court from the net zone to the back zone or vice versa) in men's and women's professional padel depending on the competition phase. Methods: Data were collected from 41 matches, comprising a total of 4829 points, from both the q...

The aim of this scoping review was to examine the existing literature on padel among young players (under 18) and classify its main research areas. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 16 studies on teaching methodologies, psychological characteristics, physiological demands, physical attributes, and gameplay paramet...

This study aimed to gather a compilation of intervention studies that address whether there are ways to get post-pubertal and adult tennis players of intermediate or higher level to enhance the velocity and accuracy of their groundstrokes. After searching Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus, 10 articles were analyzed. Findings from training pro...

The aim was to analyze the frequency of finalist technical-tactical actions in professional padel according to their effectiveness and sex of the players. Through a descriptive empirical design, 878 points corresponding to ten WPT matches of the 2023 season were analyzed. Through the creation of decisional trees, it was obtained that, in smashes, r...

The main objective of this study was to analyze the physical fitness parameters in young paddle tennis players. The sample consisted of 18 players (10 boys and 8 girls) aged between 12- and 16-years old belonging to the Technification program for minors of the Valencian Padel Federation. The players completed a test battery that consisted of differ...

Objectives: 1) assess differences in winners between male and female professional padel players during 5 seasons (2018-2022); 2) assess differences in winners between winning and losing pairs of a set during 5 seasons (2018-2022); and 3) predict the evolution of winners in the coming seasons (2023-2027). Methodology: 4,048 winners (2,268 men´s winn...

Introduction This study aimed to analyse the differences between pressure training and official competition matches in high-level male padel players from Finland, focusing on the proportion of points won by serving and returning players, the frequency of break points and golden points, and the effectiveness of the last shot. Methods A total of 4,4...

Objective: this study aimed to analyze the differences between amateur and professional padel players in terms of the type of last shot, its effectiveness and, the court area where it is performed , in both men's and women's padel. Methodology: a total of 180 matches and 2,278 points were systematically observed. Results: amateur players committed...

The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on padel among youth players (under 18). After searching through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, 16 articles were analyzed, covering teaching methodologies, psychological factors, physiological demands, physical characteristics, and game parameters. Studies on teaching m...

El estudio analizó las diferencias en las acciones finales de los puntos de oro en pádel profesional masculino y femenino, atendiendo a las características del punto, así como al tipo de golpeo utilizado por la pareja ganadora del punto. Se analizaron mediante observación sistemática 418 puntos de oro de 77 partidos de la temporada World Padel Tour...

This study investigated the relative age effect (RAE) in junior padel players participating in the 2024 European Junior Championships by Teams. The sample included 285 athletes (165 boys from 16 boys’ teams and 120 girls from 12 girls’ teams). Dates of birth were categorized into quartiles, and data analysis employed Chi-squared goodnessof-fit test...

Our aim in this study was to analyze gender differences across amateur and professional padel players related to the last shot of each rally. We analyzed a total of 180 games per category (professional and amateur), with 90 games for each gender. We performed descriptive and inferential analyses, including the Chi-square (χ2) statistical test, the...

Este estudio examina las características físicas y técnicas en el pádel masculino de alto nivel de Finlandia. Participaron en el estudio 10 deportistas masculinos del top-25 divididos en dos grupos (top-5: n = 4, 30.8 (±4.3) años, 184.5 (±5.9) centímetros de altura, lateralidad: tres diestros y un zurdo; y clasificación entre 10 y 25: n = 6, 28.8 (...

Este estudio investigó las diferencias entre los puntos de break (PB) y los no puntos de break (NPB) en el tenis profesional masculino. Se analizaron un total de 2.872 puntos de 10 partidos del US Open 2021. El número de golpes por punto fue mayor en PB que en NPB (4,18 vs 3,57 golpeos, p=,002), así como la duración del punto (5,88 vs 5,03 segundos...

The aim of this study was to investigate the relative age effect (RAE) in junior padel players participating in the 2024 European Junior Championships by Teams. The sample comprised 285 junior athletes (165 boys from 16 boys’ teams, and 120 girls from 12 girls’ teams). Dates of birth were categorized into quartiles. Data analysis included Chi2 good...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze whether there are differences in performance indicators between matches played at different altitudes in professional padel. METHODS: Data were collected and analyzed based on players' sex, set number, and set score using video footage from the World Padel Tour (WPT), including open-access TV broadca...

The purpose of this study was to design and validate a guide to strategic principles in padel (SPP), offering practical recommendations for both players and coaches. Once the first version of the guide was developed by six relevant researchers in padel, 11 padel experts (all with a federation title as coaches and with experience as a coach and play...

This study aimed to carry out a systematic review of existing research on physiological, physical and anthropometric parameters in padel. After searching through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, 33 articles were analyzed, covering physiological, physical, and anthropometric parameters. Physiologically, heart rate varies by sex an...

This study aimed to describe and distinguish shot characteristics between set winning and losing pairs in high-level male padel players from Finland. Between 2022 and 2023, we analyzed 4469 points across 38 matches, examining factors such as match type, set outcome, effectiveness of the last shot, generator of forced error, and shot type. Results s...

The aim of this study was to analyze the lob in professional padel, taking into account sex, the player’s side of play, the direction of the lob and the efficiency of the lob. For this purpose, 2063 lobs (933 in men’s and 1130 in women’s) corresponding to 10 matches of the 2024 season of the Premier Padel circuit were analyzed through systematic ob...

Padel is one of the most booming sports today, however, more documents are needed to analyze the performance indicators in top-level competitions. The general objective of this research was to analyze the performance indicators in top-level competitions according to sex. The sample consisted of twelve matches (six men's and six women's) from the fi...

The study aimed to analyse the number of satisfactory shots, the effectiveness of the last shot, and the winners, forced errors, and unforced errors in men's and women's professional padel. Data were collected from 41 professional matches at the World Padel Tour Finland Padel Open tournament, focusing on variables such as "set result, effectiveness...

This study aimed to describe and distinguish shot characteristics between set winning and losing pairs in high-level male padel players from Finland. Between 2022 and 2023, we analyzed 4,469 points across 38 matches, examining factors such as match type, set outcome, effectiveness of the last shot, generator of forced error, and shot type. Results...

El objetivo fue analizar las características de los remates finalistas, a través del instru-mento validado OASP (Observation instrument for the Analysis of the Smash in Padel), según su efectividad en pádel profesional masculino. Para ello, se analizaron 880 remates finalistas correspondientes a 20 partidos masculinos del torneo Major de Premier Pa...

The aims were to (i) analyze winners, forced errors, unforced errors, and forced error generators based on set results and serve, (ii) examine differences between set winning and losing pairs regarding shot types and effectiveness, and (iii) investigate differences between set winning and losing pairs in shot types that generate forced errors. Data...

Introduction This study aimed to analyze the variations in pre- and post-competitive anxiety and self-confidence considering match outcomes, the performance according to the result and the correlation among performance and psychological variables. Methods The sample consisted on 12 matches in which 11 high-level padel players from Finland (top 24)...

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of finishing actions in men’s and women’s professional padel. To do this, the category, the type of finishing actions, the type of shot and the number of shots in 5513 points from five World Padel Tour tournaments were analysed. The results showed that men made more winners and fewer erro...

The objective of this research was to analyse the shot following the return in men's and women's professional padel according to the importance of the point and the service tactical position. The type of shot following the return, importance of the shot and tactical position of the serving pair were recorded by systematic observation. A total of 27...

Since the 2020 season the World Padel Tour (WPT) has incorporated the golden point rule, which consists of playing a point to decide the game when the score is deuce (40–40). The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the golden points and the rest of the points in men's and women's professional padel, as well as to identify...

Padel has become one of the most popular racket sports in the world, capturing the interest of researchers and thus increasing the number of manuscripts that revolve around this sport. This article describes the state of development of the science of padel and locates the most relevant journals, authors, institutions, countries and keywords on the...

The goal of this research was to analyze how situational variables such as the tactical position and the direction of the serve, the return's direction, and the score affect the vertical trajectory (VT) of the return (straight or lob) in men's and women's professional padel. For this, a sample of 2752 points (1431 men and 1321 women) corresponding...

Padel is a complex racket sport with a wide variety of technical actions and tactical possibilities. The aim was to compare the duration of the rallies, the number of shots, the shot frequency and the shot frequency between elite and amateur padel players of different genders, which is necessary to guide the training process. The results show that...

The study aims to analyze the differences between winning and losing pairs depending on the sex and the round of the tournament in professional padel. A total of 814 matches (438 men and 376 women) from the draw rounds of eight World Padel Tour Open and Master tournaments played during the 2022 season were analyzed by systematic observation. The re...

This study aimed to analyze the differences in the precompetitive anxiety and self-confidence according to the side of play, the ranking and the match outcome, under different competitive scenarios, in high level men’s padel players from Finland who trained under pressure prior to the competition. 10 men’s padel players (28.60 (4.17) years old) fro...

Purpose: This study analyzed the sequences of actions in professional men and women padel players to identify common game patterns. Methods: The sample comprised 17,557 stroke-by-stroke actions (N = 1640 rallies) of the championship World Padel Tour. Multistep Markov chains were used to calculate the conditional probabilities of occurrence of actio...

Purpose: our aim was to analyze the characteristics of the off-the-wall smash in men´s and women´s padel, and to compare gender differences in the set-dependent frequency of these shots. Study sample: through systematic observation, we analyzed 441 off-the-wall smashes from the Final Master of the 2022 season of the World Padel Tour. Results: showe...

Monitoring the demands on basketball referees is essential for optimizing their performance and reducing the risk of injuries. This study aimed to analyze the workload experienced by elite basketball referees during official games. Using a quasi-experimental empirical methodology, inertial devices (WIMUPRO) were used for four referees participating...

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las diferencias entre las últimas acciones en pádel (penúltimo y último golpeo de la misma pareja), en función de su efectividad (winners y errores), atendiendo a las posibles diferencias entre sexos. Se analizaron mediante observación sistemática un total de 878 puntos correspondientes a 10 torneos del circuito...

Recent research highlights that one of the main criteria for success in padel is the ability of players to direct the hits towards a desired and optimal area of the court, therefore, the objective is to design an invention that allows contributing to the training of these variables in an innovative and effective way. For the development of the inve...

El pádel ha tenido un crecimiento exponencial en las últimas décadas y es practicado por jugadores de diferentes edades y niveles competitivos, sin embargo, nuncase han analizado las características de las palas que utilizan. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar las características de las palas utilizadas por jugadores de pádel amateur ma...

The aim of the current study was to assess precompetitive anxiety and self-confidence in high level men’s padel players from Finland. Twenty eight men’s padel players from the highest category participated in the research (87.5% of the target population). The CSAI-2R (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised) and STAI-S (State–Trait Anxiety In...

Los estudios encontrados se correspondieron en su mayoría con un pequeño tamaño muestral donde los participantes eran en su mayor parte masculinos, siendo el tópico de estudio de la mayoría de las investigaciones sobre la estructura temporal de juego, el número de golpeos, las acciones de juego más frecuentes o las distancias recorridas. Por ello,...

Los objetivos fueron analizar los resultados de cada set en partidos World Padel Tour (WPT) disputados a tres sets, según la incorporación o no del punto de oro y evaluar si la diferencia de juegos en el primer o segundo set y la introducción o no de la regla del punto son variables predictoras de ganar el tercer set de un partido. Para ello, se an...

The quantification of the external load and internal load of professional players is of vital importance since it provides a great deal of information on the state of the physical condition of athletes during competition and training. The aim of the present study was to quantify the external load and internal load of the players of a first level te...

El deporte es definido como todo el conjunto de actividades físicas que tienen como finalidad la mejora de la condición física, el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales o la adquisición de logros positivos en competiciones de otro nivel. La celebración de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992 en Barcelona supuso un aumento en el número de licencias federat...

Análisis del remate en pádel junior masculino y femenino Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte | Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the types of smashes in men´s and women´s junior padel according to the direction of the ball and its effectiveness, making a comparison between the men´s and women´s gender. To do this, 1175 smashes corresponding to s...

The design and development of tasks in professional bas- ketball is of great importance, since the load to which the players are subjected depends on it. Therefore, a syste- matic control of the training tasks developed will allow the coaching staff to know and evaluate their methodological positioning, as well as to identify those tasks that are d...

The objective of this research was to analyze the importance of maintaining the net position in men’s and women’s professional padel. The data sample was drawn from 2,756 padel rallies (n = 1,434 men’s and n = 1,322 women’s) in matches played during the 2021 season of the World Padel Tour circuit. The results showed that there was no net exchange i...

El objetivo fue analizar las características de los remates finalistas, a través del instrumento validado OASP, según su efectividad en pádel profesional y según el género de los jugadores. Para ello se analizaron 806 remates finalistas de 42 partidos masculinos y 29 femeninos correspondientes a seis torneos World Padel Tour de la temporada 2021, r...

The aim of this research was to analyse the differences in performance indicators between outdoor and indoor professional padel tournaments according to the gender of the players, the round in the draw, the set number, and their result. Performance indicators (winning break points, errors, winning shots, winning smashes. . .) of 942 sets (402 match...

The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of the most recent research on performance analysis in padel. An electronic search was made in four sport science databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Systematic review principles were used to identify and select studies following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fr...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la velocidad y la precisión en el saque de jugadores de pádel amateur de categoría masculina, según las categorías y experiencia de los participantes; así como según lado y dirección. Para ello, se analizó la velocidad y la precisión de 1080 saques, registrando el lado (derecho e izquierdo) y dirección...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la influencia del marcador durante el juego y el set sobre parámetros de volumen e intensidad de juego en pádel profesional. Se analizaron mediante observación sistemática un total de 3241 puntos (1639 femeninos y 1602 masculinos) correspondientes a 22 partidos de la temporada 2020 del circuito profesio...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las diferencias existentes entre pádel profesional masculino y femenino en parámetros de volumen de juego e intensidad, así como la influencia de la ronda de juego y el número de set. Se analizaron mediante observación sistemática 5.513 puntos de 38 partidos correspondientes a cinco torneos World Padel...

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia del punto de oro sobre el número de golpeos en pádel profesional masculino y femenino y su relación con el set. Para ello, se analizaron 2760 puntos (1432 puntos masculinos y 1328 puntos femeninos) pertenecientes a seis torneos del circuito World Padel Tour de la temporada 2021. Los resul...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la influencia de la regla del punto de oro en parámetros de juego en pádel profesional. Se analizaron mediante observación sistemática un total de 91 sets (47 femeninos y 44 masculinos) de las temporadas 2019 y 2020 del circuito profesional World Padel Tour. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una mayor...

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las zonas de golpeo en pádel profesional en función del género, del jugador que golpea la pelota, del resultado del partido y del tipo de golpe. Se analizaron un total de 3334 golpes correspondientes a los 4 primeros juegos de los 14 partidos del Master Final World Padel Tour 2021, en el que participaron los...

Resumen. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron analizar la incidencia de lesiones en entrenadores de pádel, así como las causas que las provocan. Igualmente, se trató de identificar ejercicios preventivos que redujeran la aparición de dichas lesiones. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo sobre una muestra de 450 técnicos de Extremadura y un tamañ...

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las diferencias entre el sexo en jugadores profesionales, que compitieron en el World Padel Tour (WPT) durante cuatro temporadas (2016-2019). Se recopilaron los indicadores de rendimiento (puntos de break ganadores, errores, golpes ganadores, remates ganadores…) de 1070 sets (532 partidos), de los vide...

El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar las diferencias entre el sexo en jugadores profesionales, que compitieron en el World Padel Tour durante cuatro temporadas (2016-2019). Se recopilaron los indicadores de rendimiento de 1070 sets (532 partidos), de los videos de acceso abierto del canal de YouTube de WPT. Se analizaron las diferenci...

The objectives of this study were to analyze the injuries suffered during the previous year by amateur padel players according to the characteristics of the racket, their usual volume of practice and their experience in padel. A total of 950 amateur players (X age: 31.68 years; X weight: 70.84 kg; X height: 170.9 cm) participated voluntarily, compl...

La carga interna es la respuesta fisiológica de cada jugador a los ejercicios de entrenamiento, que se puede monitorizar, entre otras, a través del esfuerzo percibido (RPE), la frecuencia cardíaca y las medidas hematológicas (Scott et al., 2013). El esfuerzo percibido es un método simple, no invasivo, versátil y rentable para el monitoreo que, adem...

To carry out research that analyzes performance indicators through observational methodology, it is necessary to have validated tools. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a tool to ascertain the characteristics of the strokes that padel pairs use to reach the net and their consequences in the two subsequent shots of the game. Eleve...

The purpose of this study was to design and validate an observation instrument for the analysis of the performance parameters related to the smash in padel. Eleven experts, who had to meet four of the five inclusion criteria, participated in the process. Aiken's V coefficient and confidence intervals were used to calculate content validity and Cron...

Fernández-Cortés, J.; Escudero-Tena, A.; García-Rubio, J.; Ibáñez, S. J. (2020). La importancia de la localización del partido en la primera división española de fútbol. Journal of Sport and Health Research. 12(Supl 3):285-294.

Studies exploring performance indicators in basketball that characterize the result of the match are abundant. However, there are only a limited number of studies that carry out such analysis according to the specific position of the players. The objective of this work is to characterize the differences by specific position between performance indi...

O esporte é um dos fenômenos socioculturais mais importantes do século XXI. Essa condição pode ser representada pelo número de pessoas envolvidas diariamente em práticas esportivas, diferentes contextos, presença nos veículos de comunicação (Tv, rádio e internet) e no número de modalidades. Na contemporaneidade, talvez seja umas das expressões mais...

One of the most widely used strategies for optimizing training tasks is to modify the number of players, the Game Situations. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the Game Situations in External Load variables and Organizational variables used by a coach for the planning his training for a children basketball team. A total of 15 tr...

Una de las estrategias más empleadas para la optimización de las tareas de entrenamiento es modificar el número de jugadores, las Situaciones de Juego. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la influencia de la Situación de Juego en variables de Carga Externa y Organizativas empleadas por un entrenador para la planificación de sus entrenamientos...

El objetivo de la presente investigación trata de caracterizar las diferencias que se dan en indicadores de rendimiento de los Grand Slams de tenis, con el fin de identificar aquellas conductas técnicas y tácticas que resulten más eficaces en situaciones reales de juego. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y observacional, de metodología cuantitativ...

Studies that analyze the actions carried out by paddle tennis players during the point are scarce. The present investigation characterizes every action in which a stroke by a pair in a defensive position sends the ball over the position of a pair in an offensive position. It is a descriptive and observational study of quantitative methodology. The...