Adelheid Kuehnle

• PhD
• CEO at Kuehnle AgroSystems, Inc.

Pulp and paper mills have an abundance of underutilized waste wood with the potential for use as feedstock for the production of algae biomass. Enzymatic hydrolysates originating from pine softwood, southern hardwoods, and northern hardwoods pretreated using a proprietary process were tested for their ability to support heterotrophic growth of micr...

Microalgae are cultivated as clonally propagated, rapidly multiplying aqueous crops that require unique approaches for crop improvement. Adoption of seed-banking practices from terrestrial agriculture can help to assure quality control of a cultivated microalgal variety or strain from a master propagule bank through to commercial scale-up. Screenin...

A Cymbidium mosaic virus movement protein gene with a site-specific mutation (mut11) under control of a ubiquitin promoter was inserted using biolistics into two Dendrobium varieties with the intention of creating CymMV-resistant orchids. Presence of the transgene in regenerated plants of D. × Jaquelyn Thomas 'Uniwai Mist' and D. × Jaq - Hawaii 'Un...

The recently reported Dendrobium findleyanum agglutinin (DFA) was identified and determined in different parts of D. findleyanum pseudobulbs by using Western blot analysis, LC–MS/MS, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and histochemical procedure. Western blot analysis of crude protein extract with horseradish perox...

Anthocyanidins are water-soluble pigments that accumulate in the vacuole and can be responsible for red-pink cyanidin, orange pelargonidin, and blue delphinidin in flowers. Production of the three primary classes of anthocyanidins by the phenyl propanoid pathway is controlled by the availability of the colorless substrates dihydrokaempferol (DHK),...

IntroductionFlower ColorFragranceVaselifeDisease and Pest ResistanceTurfgrassIndependence from Growth RegulationsConclusion Literature Cited

Dendrobium orchids are popular flowering potted plants and cut flowers around the world due to their flowering floriferousness, wide range in flower color, size, and shape, year-round availability, and lengthy post-harvest life. Both warm and cool temperature cultivars are grown from in vitro germinated seed or clones. Breeders have created polyplo...

The movement of Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV) was compared with that of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) in Dendrobium hybrid orchids using tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA). We found that CyMV moves systemically in vascular tissues but ORSV moves only cell-to-cell in this host. TBIA was also used to monitor the replication and movement of CyMV in...

Orchids are one of the most unique and evolved of flowering plants, with many being valuable floricultural crops. Spatial localization of pigments within the flower of the commercially important bi-color Oncidium Gower Ramsey demonstrated a mixture of carotenoids and anthocyanins concentrated in the adaxial epidermis. Chromatography identified the...

Dendrobium orchids are popular flowering potted plants and cut flowers around the world due to their flowering floriferousness, wide range in flower color, size, and shape, year-round availability, and lengthy post-harvest life. Both warm and cool temperature cultivars are grown from in vitro germinated seed or clones. Breeders have created polyplo...

Ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are morphologically diverse and admired for their ornamental value. Considerable diversity exists in Capsicum germplasm for fruit and leaf shape and size, as well as plant habit. This morphological diversity, together with diverse ripe fruit color and varying hues of green to purple foliar pigmentation, affor...

Two full-length cDNA clones, Den-CHS-4 and Den-DFR-1, encoding chalcone synthase (CHS) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) were obtained from flower bud RNA of a lavender cyanidin- accumulating Dendrobium Sw. hybrid using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Northern analyses indicated that both genes are expressed in all dev...

Two cultivars of Anthurium andraeanum Hort. hybrids, 'Paradise Pink' and 'Tropic Flame', were transformed by Agrobacterium to contain gene sequences for Shiva-1, a cecro-pin-based lytic peptide. The antibacterial gene was driven by a 35-35S caulifl ower mosaic viral (35-35S CaMV) promoter and the construct included the secretory signal sequence for...

A hybridization strategy for certain coloration could be developed based on accurate histological information of parental material together with the knowledge of heritability of color and color intensity. A sample of 12 Anthurium species and hybrids were histologically examined for pigmentation in spathes using a new method employing vacuum infiltr...

Both genome breeding (classical hybridisation) and molecular breeding approaches are used concurrently in our program for varietal development of Dendrobium and Anthurium as cut flowers and blooming potted plants. Two transgenic lines of anthurium 'Paradise Pink', engineered to produce the cecropinlike Shiva 1 lytic peptide, were able to significan...

Isolation of high quality nucleic acids from aroids can be difficult due to the presence of carbohydrates, phenolics, and other compounds that bind to and/or co-precipitate with the DNA or RNA. Methods previously used for marine algae, mango, and papaya were modified and successfully used for the simultaneous isolation of high quality genomic DNA a...

Control considerations when preparing a new planting or managing the pest in an established planting are discussed.

Perianths of 34 Dendrobium Sw. species and hybrids were examined to elucidate the roles of pigment distribution and shape of upper epidermal cells in determining color intensity, perception, and visual texture. Color intensity was determined by the spatial localization of anthocyanin in tissue layers, i.e., in the epidermal, subepidermal, and mesop...

Current nematode resistance and tolerance screening methods for anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum L.) are time consuming. Six anthurium cultivars previously evaluated as tolerant, moderately tolerant, and intolerant to burrowing nematode [Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne] were analyzed for their nutrient concentration, which was then correlated with...

A survey to inform the University of Hawai‘i dendrobium breeding program revealed that varietal improvement for the mass market should focus on compact growth (less than 3 feet overall plant height, or 2 feet pseudobulb height), early flowering, full flowers, and an array of color.

Anthurium is the largest and most complex genus in the family Araceae. It consists of about 1000 species (Croat 1992). The distribution of this genus extends from northern Mexico and the Greater Antilles to southern Brazil, northern Argentina, and Paraguay (Croat 1983, 1986). The chromosome number of most investigated species is 2 n = 30 (Sheffer a...

Radopholus similis distribution in Anthurium plant tissue was determined in a greenhouse experiment. Two thousand mixed life stages of R. similis per plant were inoculated onto Anthurium cultivars 'Alii' and 'Midori'. Nine months later, nematodes per gram of tissue were determined from stem sections (0-3, 3-6, and above 6 cm from the base), the low...

Morphological, anatomical, and histochemical aspects of zygotic embryogenesis by Anthurium andraeanum Lind. were investigated from 4 to 24 wk postpollination. Anatomical features were correlated with morphology of the spadix and capacity of embryos to germinate in vitro. Development from a single-cell zygote to fully mature seed takes 24 wk. The su...

Floral fragrance compounds of five species Anthurium armeniense, A. fragrantissimum, A. lindenianum, A. ochranthum and A.roseospadix, and three hybrids of A. armeniense were studied using headspace adsorption and solvent extraction for sample preparation followed by capillary GC and GC-MS analysis. Twenty eight compounds were identified and their l...

Five Anthurium species closely related to two of the cultivated ornamentals, A. andraeanum Lind. ex André and A. scherzerianum Schott, and one species of breeding interest, were screened in vitro for tolerance and resistance to the nematode Radopholus similis Cobb, 1893. Adjustment of the tolerance measurement to the initial and uninoculated treatm...

2C DNA content values for 70 orchid species from 26 genera, including 37Dendrobiumspecies from eight taxonomic sections, were analysed using flow cytometry. The resulting nuclear DNA content values for species other thanDendrobiumranged from 1.91 pg 2C−1to 15.19 pg 2C−1nuclei forCadetia tayloriandVanilla phaeantha, respectively.Dendrobiumnuclear DN...

SuccessfulAgrobacterium-mediated transformation of monocots such as orchids hinges on the induction of virulence(vir)genes in the bacterium, an event that is required for the activation of the T-DNA processing and transfer pathway. In dicots, several plant phenolic compounds, for example acetosyringone, coumaryl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, are kno...

A reliable method to screen Anthurium for burrowing nematode resistance and tolerance in vitro was developed using 17 genetically distinct Anthurium cultivars. Based on nonparametric data analysis, tolerance and resistance were found to be independent traits to be evaluated separately. An effective parameter for tolerance evaluation was ranking of...

Four soilless media, 1:1 (v/v) pine bark compost-perlite, volcanic cinder, 2:1 (v/v) cinder-peat, and a 1:2:1 (v/v/v) rockwool-cinder-peat, were evaluated in the greenhouse for their effects on the growth of Anthurium cultivars 'Alii' and 'Midori' and on the population increase of burrowing nematode Radopholus similis (BN). Nine months after inocul...

Root explants from in vitro-grown plants of Anthurium andraeanum ‘Alii’ and Anthurium interspecific hybrid ‘UH1060’ readily produced multiple shoots under weak light on a modified Murashige & Skoog medium containing 2.2 μM BA. Regenerated ‘UH1060’ plants grew normally and flowered within 16 months after transfer to the greenhouse. Cocultivation of...

Our objective was to develop a virucide-based method to eliminate cymbidium mosaic virus from infected dendrobium protocorm-like bodies during micropropagation. We tested two virucides-dithiouracil and ribavirin. The best treatments for recovery of virus-negative tissue and subsequent plant development were 0.1 mM ribavirin or 0.2 mM dithiouracil i...

Anthocyanidins were identified in 28 Dendrobium species and hybrids selected for analysis based on colour and suitability in cut flower breeding. Flowers designated pink, red, maroon, orange, bronze, and brown in the trade were placed in RHS colour groups red-purple, purple-violet, violet on yellow, greyed-purple on yellow or yellow-orange, and bro...

Within the family Araceae, Anthurium is the largest, most morphologically diverse and complex genus, consisting of approximately 1000 species. Native to Central and South America, members of Anthurium are found at elevations ranging from sea level to 3000 m, most commonly in cloud forests at 1500m (Croat 1986). Plants of this herbaceaous perennial...

Much of what is known by scientists is determined by the available research tools. These tools allow scientists to test hypotheses, both old and new, and inspire them to ask bold questions. Experimental methods utilized by orchidologists have multiplied greatly following the emergence of molecular biology as a discipline. This has led to many advan...

Flow cytometry (FC) has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to estimate nuclear DNA content (genome size) in quantifiable units useful for genetic and molecular biology studies. This method also makes possible determination of the variation in nuclear DNA content between related taxa, which gives insights into the process of speciation. I...

Burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis , reduces flower-yield-infected anthurium fields. Genetic resistance is one alternative to chemical control of the disease in anthurium. Seventeen commercial anthurium varieties, established in vitro on anthurium nutrient medium, were inoculated with burrowing nematodes to screen for tolerance. Three months af...

Histological analysis of somatic embryos derived from in vitro-grown lamina of Anthurium andraeanumshowed bipolarity with the presence of shoot and root poles connected by procambium. Vascular connections between the explant and somatic embryos were not observed. Storage of proteins, starch and raphides as well as a suspensor-like structure and an...

A Hawaiian isolate of Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV-H) was purified from Dendrobium orchid, and a cDNA library was constructed. Clones containing the coat protein (CP) gene and movement protein (MP) gene were identified by colony hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Hawaiian isolate of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSVH) was purif...

Several procedures were tested in development of a gene transfer protocol for anthurium. Etiolated internode segments of anthurium cultivars 'Rudolph' and 'UH1060' were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefacins LBA4404 carrying the chimeric genes neo, for antibiotic resistance, and att encoding antibacterial attacin. Assays of genomic DNA and RNA f...

Three major obstacles must be overcome in the anatomical study of Anthurium floral structure and embryo development including presence of mucilage, hardened carpel walls, and hardened seed coat in the developing fruit and seed. Fixation in 6% glutaraldehyde and 1% cetylpyridinium chloride in 0.05 M sodium cacodylate, pH 6.8, effectively fixed or re...

Five parameters were examined for their effect on transformation ofDendrobium tissues by microprojectile bombardment. The superpromoter in pBI426 produced at least 1.5 times as many transient transformants as the single cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in pBI121 (37 to 69% vs. 0 to 44%) with dark and frequent GUS (β-glucuronidase) staining. Ti...

Dendrobium is one of the largest genera, in the family Orchidaceae with an estimated 1400 species (Dressler 1990). It is found throughout western Asia and the Pacific Islands. Subgeneric sections of Dendrobium species with horticultural value include Phalaenanthe, Spatulata (Ceratobium), Latourea, Dendrobium (Eugenanthe), Callista, and Formosae (Ni...

A common method for the transfer of genes into dicotyledonous plants is to use the plant pathogen Agrobacterium (Grant et al. 1991; Zambryski 1992). In nature, plant cells infected by this soil bacterium integrate segments of the large tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of A. tumefaciens or the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid of A. rhizogenes into their nuclea...

Bacterial diseases continue to plague ornamental crops, Genetic resistance offers one way to manage disease; combined with use of indexed propagules and sanitation, it can be a powerful control. Classical breeding offers some genetic solutions. Introgression, by genetic engineering, of antibacterial genes derived from the Cecropiamoth is a second b...

Susceptibility to damage by insecticides is generally not a problem for agronomic crops due to early screening during the variety development phase. However, maize carrying the Texas male sterile cytoplasm (cms-T), but not other cytoplasms, is selectively damaged by the insecticide carbamate methomyl (active ingredient of Lannate). The cytoplasm-sp...

Anthurium is the largest and most complex genus in the family Araceae. It consists of about 1000 species (Croat 1992). The distribution of this genus extends from northern Mexico and the Greater Antilles to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, and Paraguay (Croat 1983, 1986). The chromosome number of most investigated species is 2n = 30 (Sheffer...

Communicated by J. J. Finer Summary. A method for the production of somatic embryos and subsequent plant regeneration for Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex Andr6 (Monocotyledonae) hybrids is described. Whole leaf blade explants, derived from plantlets grown in vitro, formed translucent embryogenic calli at their basal ends within one month of culture...

Transformed dendrobium orchids (Dendrobium x Jaquelyn Thomas hybrids) were recovered from protocorms bombarded by particles coated with the plasmid pGA482GG/cpPRV4, which contains the plant expressible Nos-NPT II and papaya ringspot virus (PRV) coat protein (CP) genes. Approximately 280 protocorms from four crosses were bombarded and potentially tr...

Several factors affecting the success of selection in plant populations were examined for their relevance to in vitro selection. Three in vitro selection schemes and two growth assessment procedures were evaluated for effectiveness in selecting for a mitochondrial trait in maize: resistance to the insecticidal compound methomyl. Regenerable maize c...

A method was devised for infecting Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André, an economically important ornamental monocot, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Tumors were obtained on plant stems 7 to 10 weeks after inoculation with oncogenic A. tumefaciens strains C58 and A281 cultured previously in an induction medium containing 200 μ m acetosyringone at...

Leaf explants of seven cultivars of Hawaiian anthuriums (Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André cv. Kaumana, Kozohara, Marian Seefurth, Mauna Kea, Nitta, Ozaki, and Paradise Pink) produced callus most successfully after 2 to 3 months on a modified Pierik medium containing 0.36 μ m 2,4-D and 4.4 μ m BA. Petiole explants callused best on Pierik modifie...

In the years since Larkin and Scowcroft (1981) reviewed the literature on tissue culture-related variability and suggested that such “somaclonal variation” might serve as a resource for plant breeders, regenerated plants and progeny from a broad range of species have been examined for alterations in phenotype, physiology, cytology and molecular cha...

Many plants resistant to methomyl (Lannate), an insecticide which selectively damages maize with the Texas (T) type of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-T), were obtained by in vitro selection and also without selection. The selection procedure used 0.6–0.7mM methomyl and callus from CMS-T versions of several field and sweet corn genotypes (W182BN, W...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, Aug., 1988. Includes bibliographies.

Anthurium cultivar ‘Le‘ahi’, UH1211, is a dual purpose, light red and green bi-color selection. Anthurium ‘New Era’, UH1402, ushers in a new era of bacterial blight–resistant cut flowers suitable for screenhouse production.

Anthurium cultivar ‘Centennial’, UH1272, is a dual-purpose cut flower and potted plant selection named in celebration of 100 years of higher education in the Hawaiian Islands.

Field tests of this green and white obake anthurium selection UH1155 show it to be a desirable cutflower with year-round production of glossy spathes having excellent vase life.

‘Hokuloa’ is a new cut-flower anthurium and ‘Hilo Moon’ (UH1450) is a companion cultivar to the white anthurium ‘Hokuloa’ (UH1349).

Anthurium ‘Princess Aiko’ (UH1299) is a new, sweet scented, multipurpose cultivar. It is high yielding with bright, long lasting flowers carried above dark green foliage. Anthurium ‘Regina’ has a unique large purple flower similar in shape (lateral tulip) to ‘Princess Aiko’.

‘Maggie Inouye’ is a new light pink, tulip-type anthurium variety (UH1141). This novelty cut flower selection arose from a complex cross, involving several different species of Anthurium, that gave rise to lavender siblings ‘ARCS’ and ‘ARCS Hawaii’. The resulting flower is resistant to anthracnose and does not reflex as much as ‘ARCS’. ‘Mini Gem’ (...

Since 1986 the University of Hawaii at Manoa anthurium breeding and research program has received 189 plant accessions from the Missouri Botanical Gardens and various other sources in the Netherlands, Latin America, and elsewhere. Of these, 49 accessions were evaluated for spathe and spadix width, length, and color, flower yield, and other characte...

A survey revealed that florists' tastes in anthurium characteristics suggested new directions for breeding efforts, such as including upright heart shapes (similar to Dutch varieties) or introducing scent.

Characteristics and monthly spray yield of the cultivar release are given.

Characteristics and monthly spray yield of the cultivar release are given.

Characteristics and monthly spray yield of the cultivar release are given.

Characteristics and monthly spray yield of the cultivar release are given.

Characteristics and monthly spray yield of the cultivar release are given.

Characteristics including annual flower yield of the cultivar releases are given.

Characteristics including annual flower yield of the cultivar release are given.

Characteristics including annual flower yield of the cultivar release are given.

Characteristics including annual flower yield of the cultivar release are given.