Abu B. Siddiq

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• PhD Prehistoric Archaeology
• Professor (Associate) at Mardin Artuklu University

Humans have been living with other animals side by side since the beginning of their journey on this planet, and have inevitably been dependent on them for various needs and conditions. In one hand, completely relying on natural resources, the prehistoric people had to hunt and heavily exploit other animals for meat and animal products which were v...

The site of Körtiktepe in southeastern Turkey is one of few sites in the Upper Mesopotamia basin that attests continuous, permanent occupation across the boundary from end of the colder, drier Younger Dryas (YD) into the comparatively wetter and warmer Early Holocene (EH). This allows for the study of the degree of environmental change experienced...

This paper presents the first investigation of animal remains unearthed from the Late Ottoman occupation at Mardin fortress, a military stronghold in Anatolian–Syrian frontier under Ottoman rule. The analysis produced 4234 specimens and carried out taxonomic identification, species diversity, kill-off patterns, and nature of bone modification, incl...

Siddiq, A. B. (2024). Zooarchaeology of Iron Age occupations at Old Smyrna: 2021-2023 seasons. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 38(1), 27-36.

İnsanlar, tarihöncesinden beri hastalıkları tedavi etmek için doğal kaynakları kullanmışlardır. Bu kaynakların arasında bulunan hayvanlar ve hayvansal ürünler, dünyanın her kültüründe, geleneksel şifa uygulamalarında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Olağanüstü biyolojik çeşitliliğe ve tarihöncesi dönemlere dayanan aynı zamanda pastoral geleneğe sahip bir...

Knowledge of the burial customs of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in the Near East is increasing. Particularly, lately a large number of burials and skeletal remains have been unearthed in the Upper Tigris Basin, thanks to a number of new excavation projects in recent years. The newly revealed findings indicate that PPNA burial customs varied c...

Farklı etnik kimlikler ve coğrafi özelliklere sahip olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda hayvanlar sadece gıda ve ekonomik katkılarıyla sınırlı olmayıp savaş, ticaret, ulaşım ve iş gücü gibi kritik alanlarda da önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Osmanlı imparatorluğun merkezi olan Anadolu'daki şehir hayatında hayvanların rolü üzerine arşiv bilgilerine ulaşılması...

The 2019 archaeological excavations carried out at the Cem-i Çeto caves, situated approximately 2 km southwest of Konakpınar village in the Kurtalan district of Siirt province, revealed the presence of three Late Roman rock-cut tombs. This study presents the initial bioarchaeological analysis of human and animal bones unearthed from rock-cut tomb n...

Throughout over 30 years of expeditions at Ayanis citadel animal bones were of rare finds and mostly remained unreported. Here, this study presents the first zooarchaeological analyses of 10,553 animal bones and their fragments, predominantly unearthed from a royal midden of the citadel. The analyses were primarily based on the identification of sp...

Humans and food animals have been in a mutual relationship for over 10 millennia. For a variety of purposes (e.g., livelihood, food, labor) humans are more dependent on food animals than on pets. Today, there is also empirical evidence for complex emotional, social and cognitive functioning among common food animals such as sheep, pigs, goats, cows...

Knucklebones (i.e., culturally used astragali) are commonly encountered at many archaeological sites in Anatolia, ranging from the Neolithic to medieval period. Yet, very little is known about the cultural usages of these artifacts through time — as only scant attention has been paid to them. Here, we report a total of 590 even-toed ungulate knuckl...

This study presents analysis of animal remains unearthed from 2006 to 2021 excavations at Olympos, an important city of ancient Lycia, southwestern Turkey. Seven faunal assemblages were unearthed from seven distinct areas of the city. Each of them was studied according to their distinct archaeological contexts. The zooarchaeological observation was...

Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus; BFT) is a large (up to 3.3 m in length) pelagic predator which has been exploited throughout the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean since prehistoric times, as attested by its archaeological remains. One key insight derivable from these remains is body size, which can indicate past fishing abilities, the impa...

Bengal is the largest delta in the world. Because of the easy access to natural wealth, many people groups of different ethno-religious backgrounds migrated into Bengal from prehistoric times. Following the conquest of Bengal by the Khalaj descended Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, the Central and West Asian traditions greatly influenced the Delta th...

Due to the exceptionally rich tropical resource, the Lower Ganges-Brahmaputra basins have attracted people of diverse ethnic and geographical backgrounds for millennia. So far 524 protected sites in present Bangladesh indicate the busy human occupation in the world’s largest delta at least from 5th century BCE. Although systematic archaeology beg...

The adaptation of sedentary life and the process of plant and animal domestication in the Early Holocene helped humans to become from the dependents to the transformers of Earth. The inventions of metal, the industrialized production systems and the rise of modern technology eventually made the species absolute regulator of the natural world. Today...

Venomous creatures such as scorpions, snakes, spiders and centipedes were associated with the world of the dead in the Neolithic of the Fertile Crescent. Unlike other Pre-Pottery Ne-olithic centers, the 11th-10th millennium BC site of Körtiktepe in the Upper Tigris Basin yields an abundance of scorpion imagery-presenting a local variation of animis...

Asymmetry, the abnormality of an organism or a part of it from its perfect symmetry, is represented by three different categories: fluctuating asymmetry, directional asymmetry, and antisymmetry. Fluctuating asymmetry attributes to random developmental variation of a morphological character, whereas directional asymmetry attributes one of the body s...

Simple Summary Zooarchaeological studies on canine skeletal remains are rare. Faunal assemblages from the Near East, including Anatolia, give us a valuable source of information about the role of dogs in the Iron Age society. In the 2016 and 2017 excavations at Alaybeyi Höyük (Eastern Anatolia), over 300 dog bones were unearthed from Iron Age build...

Simple Summary A cat skeleton was unearthed during the 2015 excavation season at the Early Byzantine Balatlar Church complex, by the northeastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. The cat was buried with a human individual. The inhumation was dated back to the period between the end of the 6th century AD and the first half of the 7th century AD. The sex o...

Living in a place for generation after generations may have led the early Neolithic social groups to be the ancestral communities with deep concern for communal interest, which eventually made their ancestral villages as the centers for their social identities. In this manner, PPN ritual and ceremony often helped to tie people to be part of a great...

Along with the emergence of sedentary life, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) settlements brought revolutionary changes in production of material cultures as well as cultic and ritual activities, which are often argued to be associated with new waves of interactions between humans and their natural world. Körtiktepe of southeastern Turkey yielded by...

Objective: In this research study, we explore the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of palate Camelus hybrids and their parental species (dromedary and Bactrian). Materials and methods: We studied a sample of pictures from 27 adult skulls of pure Camelus dromedarius (n = 13), Camelus bactrianus (n = 7), and their crosses (n = 7), from two different col...

This study has so far been the first attempt to characterize and quantify skull sexual variation in Kangal dog, by means of geometric morphometric techniques. A sample of 16 adult Kangal crania has been analyzed with this purpose. To obtain a full image of morphological pattern, digital pictures were taken from the ventral, left lateral, and dorsal...

Southeast Anatolia has been an ideal place for pastoralism since the Neolithic period. However, there is a lack of information on human–animal relationships from both archaeological settlements and contemporary societies in the region. Through ethnographic fieldwork and exploratory case studies in the mountainous Ömerli district, we explored the de...

Dentro del espectro de conformación del cráneo, se reconocen generalmente tres amplias categorías que se corresponden con el concepto de biotipo cefálico, determinado por el Índice Cefálico. El Estos tres biotipos cefálicos son: el braquiocefálico, mesaticefálico y dolicocefálico, pero están basados en medidas lineales. A fin de revisar esta clasif...

Ethnographic methods have a long history of use for the reconstruction of human behavior and cultural patterns at archaeological sites. However, although the record and interpretation of living culture have been practiced in academia for centuries, ethnoarchaeology as a sub-discipline of archaeology has emerged particularly during the 1960s. Since...

Zooarchaeological data on the faunal remains unearthed from 2016 and 2017 excavations at Alaybeyi Höyük have primarily been used to understand the animal-based subsistence practices as well as regular and occasional cultural activities at the site. Various aspects of multi-scale, colorful and complex human-animal relationships and interactions have...

During the early phase of Epipaleolithic Period, like many other regions in West Asia, the seasonally settled mobile hunter-gatherer groups in Anatolia had regular connection with other prehistoric groups lived in close and distant geographical regions. These mobile hunter-gatherer groups produced various types of tools and material objects, and of...

Sosyal bilimler, insan olmayan hayvanları uzun zamandan beri faydacı bir yaklaşımla ele alarak onları insanlık için nesneler olarak görmüştür. Bununla birlikte çağdaş akademik araştırmalarda insan ve diğer hayvanlar arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılmasında hızla artan bir ilgi görülmektedir. Antrozooloji, insan-hayvan etkileşimlerinin çeşitli yönler...

This paper presents the zooarchaeological observations on animal remains of Alaybeyi Höyük unearthed from 2016 and 2017 excavation sessions. Dated to 4721–4553 cal. BC, Alaybeyi stands so far as the oldest archaeological settlement discovered in northeast Anatolia. Therefore, the faunal assemblage at Alaybeyi offers great opportunity to study the s...

Zooarkelojik yorumlamalarda bütünsel bir yöntem uygulaması çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, arkeofaunaların incelenmesinde insan merkezli düşüncelerin aksine, çok türlü bir dünya düşüncesi önermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın temelinde, geçmiş insanlarla diğer hayvanların etkileşimini anlamak için günümüzde ortaya çıkan Antrozoolojik d...

A total of 20 domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.) and 15 water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis L.) skulls were analyzed in this study. All of the specimens belonged to female individuals. Using a total of 27 craniometric measurements from each of the skulls, 9 indices were calculated. Although there were statistically significant differences between the linea...

Livelihood diversification using social capital in the sense has been overlooked by most of the researchers, policy makers and social scientists in the study of urban wage labour and rural-urban migration. The rich people can diversify their livelihoods through growth strategies; however, poorer people who are mostly landless, involved with informa...

Originated in early phase of Palaeolithic period, the structure of social mind marks the strongest effect on an individual from a distinct human group. The beliefs on supernatural beings, along with other norms, rites and rituals, are actually considered to be the products of the social mind that has been formed and reformed following environmental...

Camels are exotic animals in Anatolia. Except the Palaeolithic site of Karain Cave, no pre-Bronze Age archaeological site reveals any camel remains so far in Anatolia. However, domestic camel became common and very significant in the Early Imperial as well as in the Roman and Byzantine Anatolia. Southeast Anatolian region, being the corridor betwee...

This study explores traditional beliefs and practices on the supernatural beings as well as their effects in Southeast Anatolian society. Case studies from six provinces of Southeast Anatolia indicate that there are still severe socio-psychological effects of the demonic possession, albeit constant debate about the existences of supernatural beings...

Since the origin, humans have been depended and formed mixtures of complex relationships with nonhuman animals. These mutualistic relationships eventually intensified following the animal domestication. Southeast Anatolia is one of the important regions where the first domestication of sheep, goat, cattle, and pig occurred as well as domestic herds...

The Munda people have unique ethnic identity as one of the largest tribes in Indian subcontinent. They have long history and distinctive language as well as religious and cultural identity. In Bangladesh, they are currently living in different geographical location over the country. Historically, hunting and gathering was the ancestral and inherite...

Since the origin, humans have been depended and formed mixtures of complex re-lationships with nonhuman animals. These mutualistic relationships eventually intensified following the animal domestication. Southeast Anatolia is one of the important regions where the first domestication of sheep, goat, cattle, and pig occurred as well as domestic herd...

Dünya hayatının başlangıcından bu yana insanlar, insandışı diğer hayvanlar ile farklı iletişim ve etkileşim içerisindedir. Antrozooloji bu iletişim ve etkileşimler üzerinde çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Türkiye’nin, Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika üzerinde bir köprü konumunda olması, birçok hayvan türlerine de ev sahipliği yapmasına ve hala yapıyor olmasına imkân...

The Bengal Delta is a place of many migrations, cultural transformations, invasions and religious revolutions since prehistoric time. With the help of archaeological and historical records, this essay present the hypothesis that, albeit there were multiple waves of large and small scale socio-cultural assimilations, every socio-political change did...

Human first started domesticating animals at least 11,000 years ago in the Levant and Central Anatolia. Gradually the idea of animal controlling process, along with agricultural practice, spread throughout Africa, Asia and continental Europe and eventually transformed the face of the world. Archaeozoological evidences suggest that the process of an...

Humans have long been engaged with nonhuman animals since the beginning of their journey on the Earth. Both human and nonhuman species have been co-existing and sharing the world forming multi-dimensional relationships. Although the non-humans are hunted, manipulated, domesticated, consumed or sometimes extincted by humans, they are also respected,...

İnsanlar, dünya gezegenindeki yolculuğunun başlangıcından beri uzun bir süredir insan dışı hayvanlarla bağ kurmaktadır. Çok boyutlu ilişkiler oluşturarak hem insanlar hem de insan dışı türler birlikte var olmakta ve dünyayı paylaşmaktadırlar. İnsan-dışı hayvanlar insanlar tarafından avlanır, manipüle edilir, evcilleştirilir, tüketilir ve bazen kend...

The hunter-gatherer groups represent the oldest and perhaps most successful human adaptation on this planet. Until 12,000 years ago, before the starting of cultivation system in the Fertile Crescent, virtually all humanity lived as hunters and gatherers. Therefore, investigations on present day hunter-gatherer societies may hold the key to some of...

Humans first started farming and domesticating animals around 9000 B.C. in the Levant and the Central Anatolia. The managing process of different plant and animal species was spreading from the Central Anatolia to Southern and Western Anatolia during 8th millennium BC, and in 7th millennium BC into Southeast Europe by Anatolian farmers. Furthermore...

The origin of the European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus, 1758) has been widely discussed and investigated in recent years. The species had a wide historic geographic distribution throughout the European continent during the middle and late Holocene, ranging from France in the west to the Caucasus in the east. However, archaeological evidence is n...

Faunal remains of Early Chalcolithic settlement Kanlıtaş Höyük represent a wide diversity of animal species. Primary observation on the faunal remains suggests that people of Kanlıtaş Höyük were regular hunter for their common subsistence. Although remains of big animals are present, small ruminants (Ovis sp. and Capra sp.), boar and hare are exami...

The Kharshuti Siva temple, geographically located at the latitude of 23 0 25.497´ north and the longitude of 89 0 37.556´ east, lies at Kharshuti village in Kharshuti mowza under Moyna Union, near at Boalmari in Faridpur. The river Modhumoti is near just at one and a half kilometer west from this temple. The temple stands almost on the border-point...