Abraham A. Osinubi

University of Lagos | Unilag · Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos

Background: The ultimate goal of learning is to modify the behavior of which enhanced performance is a critical aspect. Studies have shown that the the pedagogical method employed to instruct students is a core factor that influences students' ability to translate classroom input (that is, learning) to practice (that is, learning outcome) lat...

This study investigated the protective effects of lyophilized aqueous seed extract of Buchholzia coriacea (B. coriacea) in enhancing memory and neuroprotection in scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment using Morris water maze and Y maze. Thirty-five adult male Sprague Dawley were divided into five groups (n=7) according to extract/drug...

Background: Sciatic nerve presents significant variations that pertain to its topography and divisions. The topographic variation shows sex effect due to differences in the dimension of pelvis that makes for the adaptability of female pelvis for pregnancy and childbirth. The objective therefore was to evaluate the sciatic nerve morphology and its...

Objective: Poor quality of sexual life has been reported secondary to poor sleep or sleep deprivation. Paradoxical sleep is an integral part of the sleep-wakefulness physiology and prolonged paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) may even be fatal. The objective of this investigation was to determine if D-ribose-L-cysteine (RibCys) and zinc (Zn) admi...

The effectiveness of any pedagogical method is reflected on learners perception of key elements involved in the process of knowledge acquisition. The adoption of case-based learning is asserted to deliver superior positive influence on how students perceive learning process. The current study was designed to analyze and understand how students perc...

Vitamin K is present in the testes though its actual function in male reproduction is poorly understood. This study investigated the harmful effect of extrahepatic vitamin K insufficiency on the testicular structure. Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed with a diet containing warfarin for 2, 4 and 8 weeks; control animals received a standard diet without w...

Background: Oral hypoglycemic agents use during pregnancy was assumed to cause fetal macrosomia and skeletal deformities, and maternal complications due to significant transfer across placenta or ineffective control of blood glucose. Objective: This study investigated effects of insulin, metformin and glibenclamide on maternal blood glucose; and f...

Introduction: A relatively decreased insulin secretion and impaired response of the body to insulin are the common attributes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The oral hypoglycemic agents are less invasive, improve patients' compliance, which can be effective in maintaining the blood sugar level during pregnancy....

Introduction: A relatively decreased insulin secretion and the impaired response of the body to insulin are the common attributes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The oral hypoglycemic agents are less invasive, improve patients’ compliance, which can be effective in maintaining the blood sugar level during pregna...

Objectives: This study was carried out to assess the effects of glibenclamide, metformin and insulin on the prefrontal cortex of cerebrum of Dams and pups of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic pregnant Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty five sexually matured adult female Wistar rats weighing between 120 g-160 g were used and were assigned into five groups (...

Over 18% of pregnant women are affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) and Insulin has been the commonest drug used in its treatment. There are reports of noncompliance to insulin due to trypanophobia, with suggestions for the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs). However, the opposing views about the benefits and risk of oral hypoglycaemic agents (O...

Background: Quinine has been reported to possess anti-spermatogenic activities. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the effect of quinine on ovarian function in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Twenty rats with regular 4-days oestrous cycle divided into 4 groups (N=5) were used. Group I received quinine at 30 mg/kg body weight by...

Oxidative stress is a common cause of testicular dysfunction that leads to disturbance in the endocrine system, thereby affecting the production of male reproductive hormones. Evidence suggests that vitamin K exhibits antioxidant potentials that mitigate the effect of oxidative stress in tissues like liver. The effect of vitamin K on testicular oxi...

Abstract: Introduction: GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) is a common complication of pregnancy, and prevalence has become alarming. Insulin remains the cornerstone in management of diabetes mellitus but oral agents have been increasingly viewed as potential alternatives to insulin because it’s economically low in cost, easier to administer and a...

Despite the significant achievements in the treatment modalities and preventive measures, the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Africa has continued to rise exponentially in the last few decades. There is growing concern on the use of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) during pregnancy, due to the potential of the agents in causing adverse effect...

Abstract: Introduction: GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) is a common complication of pregnancy, and prevalence has become alarming. Insulin remains the cornerstone in management of diabetes mellitus but oral agents have been increasingly viewed as potential alternatives to insulin because it’s economically low in cost, easier to administer and a...

Background: The association of obesity with adiponectin gene has been reported in different populations with various inconsistencies. Data from Nigeria is very scanty on the association. Aim: We investigated possible associations of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2241766 (+45T>G in exon 2), rs266729 (-11377C>G in...

Objective This study investigated the effects of D-ribose and L-cysteine on aluminum-induced testicular damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Method A total number of thirty-five (35) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (AD). Group A (comprised five (5) rats) was designated the Control Group that received Physiological Salin...

Background: Case-based learning (CBL) is often a small group teaching method used to stimulate and underpin the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes through active involvement of the students. It is now promoted in many universities because it teaches important concepts and facts within the context of authentic or real-world situations. O...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting in chronic hyperglycaemia. It is associated with long-term complications such as damage or dysfunction of organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Despite significant achievements in treatment modalities and preventive measures, the prevalence of diabetes...

Background: Available evidence suggests that 50% of couples with infertility are male related. Over 40% of these males consume alcohol which has been reported to be a reproductive toxicant causing depletions in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules hence reducing sperm counts and sperm morphology. Objective: To determine the effects of aqueous lea...

Adansonia digitata is locally consumed as food in Nigeria. In the present study, the ameliorative effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Adansonia digitata (AeAD) was evaluated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. To evaluate the effect of AeAD in CCl4 induced testicular toxicity, 20 adult male Wistar rats were...

Drinking continues to be a major problem in many parts of the world. Significant effects on testicular morphology and function in animals as well as man have been well described. To further explore the impact of chronic ethanol exposure on the testes, we designed this study specifically to define whether or not there was complete recovery after abs...

The most commonly used pedagogy in Nigeria and most other countries is the didactic method of teaching. This method is useful for covering underlying concepts, principles and systems. The traditional method of teaching places the burden of promoting learning fully on the teacher, unless it is integrated with other techniques such as problem-based l...

Thirty-five Wistar rats weighing 200 - 250 mg were categorized into five treatment groups- the control, saline, cisplatin, pre-cisplatin and the post-cisplatin groups, each comprising of seven rats per group, to assess the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis on cisplatin- induced testicular damage in Wistar rats. The control grou...

Traditionally, histologists and histopathologists have relied heavily on verbal and qualitative descriptions of tissue structure. Histological sections are used to define the normal appearances of cells, tissues and organs. These slides, therefore, also define pathological appearances which may be a consequence of a disease affecting an organ. The...

Twenty-one Wistar rats weighing 200 - 250 mg were divided into three groups- the control, saline and the diabetic groups, each comprising of seven rats per group. They were used to assess the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on testes of Wistar rats. All the animals including the control group received feed mash and water ad libitum, the...

Twenty-four week duration experiment was conducted with twenty-one male Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) to investigate the effects of quinine on the testis. The rats were divided into three groups- the control, saline and the quinine each comprised of seven rats. The control group and others were fed on feed mash (Growers) and water ad libitum. The salin...

Citation: Falana BA, Ogundele OM, Duru FI, Osinubi AA, Falode DT (2013) Immunohistochemical Characterization of Lymphocytic CD3/CD20 and Macrophage CD68 in the Germinal Epithelium of Pb and Se+Zn Treated Adult Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Cytol Histol 4: 171. Abstract Lead toxicity in the testes has been described to be capable of inducing cell death by...

Abstract Background: The germinal epithelium is the delicate epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubule lying on the blood-testes barrier; formed by the sustentacular cells of Sertoli and the adjoining basement epithelium this study addresses the effect of lead (Pb) toxicity on the epithelium and the proliferative effect of Zinc (Zn) and Selenium...

The potential pro-fertility effects following oral administration of tyrosine was investigated in adult male albino Wistar rats. Thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar rats were uniformly divided into six groups of six rats each. Group A served as control while Groups B, C, D, E and F were respectively given 10mg/kg body weight of metoclopramide for 3 w...

Throughout history, researchers have been solving medical and other challenging problems, developing new techniques and treatments, and curing diseases -largely by conducting animal experimentation. Animal testing gives researchers the opportunity to control in vivo the genetic and environmental factors that may influence the development of disease...

The aging of the world's population combined with an increased global acceptance of medical technology, has focused greater attention on optimizing health during the so-called "golden years." The concept that the age-related decline in testicular function is a medical condition which will respond to treatment has therefore, understandably gained wi...

Quinine (QU) has been identified as a testicular toxicant that leads to infertility. However some plant extracts have demonstrated protective effects on the testes. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed extract on the testes and its protective role on QU-induced testicular damage. Twenty male rats weigh...

Aim: The role of alkaline phosphatase in cell metabolism and regulation is essential and cuts across cell proliferation, division, cell death, membrane transport and DNA cleavage. This study addresses the role and importance of alkaline phosphates (ALP) and Placenta Alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in the cells of germinal epithelium of male Rat testes...

There is increasing awareness among people towards natural products. Due to their non-toxic properties, low pollution, and lower side effects, natural dyes are used in many day-to-day products. Although the African continent possesses plentiful plant resources, only a small amount has been exploited so far. This study evaluated the use of Hibiscus...

The use of nonallergic, nontoxic, and eco-friendly natural dyes has become a matter of significant importance due to increased environmental awareness on the need to avoid hazardous synthetic dyes. This study was to determine the staining properties of the dye extract of Lonchocarpus cyanescens on histomorphology of the testis. Freshly cut leaves o...

Some plant extracts can be used in biology and medicine to reveal or identify cellular components and tissues. We investigated the effects of time and concentration on staining of histological sections of rat testes by an acidified extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. An ethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa was diluted using 1% acetic acid in 70% ethanol...

Background: The lungs are end organs that are adversely affected in Nigerian adults with type 2 diabetes. Assessment and monitoring of the progress of pulmonary functions postexercise prescription is paramount for optimal feedback on a patient’s progress. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the pulmonary responses of individuals with...

Background: The use of non-allergic, non-toxic and eco-friendly natural dyes has become a matter of significant importance due to the increased environmental awareness in order to avoid some hazardous synthetic dyes. Method: The ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa was diluted using 1% acetic acid in 70% ethanol to a concentration of 0.2 g/ml. It was...

This study determined whether exogenous supplementation with Vitamin E could confer ameliorative effect against the deleterious effect of AQ.HCl on ovarian function of matured S-D rats. Thirty S-D rats divided into two groups were used in this study: Group A – determined the effect of AQ.HCl 1 Vitamin E administered for 28 days on the oestrous cycl...

Carica Papaya (CP) plant (paw paw) is largely used for its curative benefit and now being exploited as an anti-fertility agent. The testicular histomorphometric correlation visa versa function is yet to be fully understood. This study aimed at quantifying the effects of aqueous extract of the bark of CP on the testes of adult Sprague–Dawley (S-D) r...

Throughout history, researchers have been solving medical and other challenging problems, developing new techniques and treatment modalities largely by conducting animal experimentation. The field of endocrinology is not an exception; animal models have enormously contributed to this important area of medical science. One major challenge in the fie...

The development of a new male oral contraceptive of herbal origin has moved at a slow agonizing pace. Despite years of research, there is yet no widely acceptable modern contraceptive drug that currently exists for men, whose most effective choices are limited to condoms or vasectomy. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the oral contr...

A number of antimalarial compounds and herbs have been reported to possess antifertility actions. Amodiaquine (AQ) belongs to the same class of drugs as chloroquine. Chloroquine has been reported to disrupt the oestrus cycle, block ovulation and consequently reduce fertility. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the administratio...

Background: The immediate and early sequelae of burns such as vascular collapse and wound sepsis have been extensively studied. Some studies now show that burns cause significant changes in most body systems including the male reproductive system. Only few studies have addressed the reproductive consequences of burns in the male however. Objective:...

Introduction: Momordica charantia has been investigated for its effect on various organs and its numerous indications have been cited in literature. There are, however, scanty publications on its effect on the male reproductive system. Objective: To evaluate the effects of methanolic seed extract of M. charantia (MC) on the sperm production (sperm...

Hydroxyurea (HDU) is an antineoplastic agent that is commonly used in the treatment of Sickle cell disease (SCD).However, the therapeutic value of HDU is limited by its organotoxicity including testicular toxity. It has been shown that free radicals are involved in HDU-induced toxicity. The Application of natural phenolic compounds in the preventio...

The role of methanolic leaf extracts of Calotropis procera in phenytoin-induced toxicity on histomorphometric variables in the postnatal developing cerebellum of Wistar rat was studied. Pregnant rats were treated orally with 50 mg/kg phenytoin in pre and post natal life and 300 mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera 1 hour prior to phe...

The role of methanolic leaf extracts of Calotropis procera in phenytoin-induced toxicity on histomorphometric variables in the postnatal developing cerebellum of Wistar rat was studied. Pregnant rats were treated orally with 50 mg/kg phenytoin in pre and post natal life and 300 mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera 1 hour prior to phe...

This study investigated the effect of Amodiaquine hydrochloride (AQ.HCl) administered by gavage on the oestrous cycle, ovarian morphology and on the antioxidant status of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the ovary of 15 regular cyclic Sprague-Dawley rats. The experiment was divided into 3 groups as follows: group I- received 6 mg/kg...

Objective To investigate the possible ameliorating effect of Tahitian Noni dietary supplement on caffeine-induced testicular histopathological alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats.DesignThis is an experimental animal study.Methods Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing between 105 and 200 g were acclimatized and grouped into six of five...

Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs that generates reactive oxygen species and also inhibits the activity of antioxidant enzymes in testicular tissues. In the present study, we investigated the long term effects of treatment with Kigelia africana fruit extract (KAFE) and cisplatin in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Our li...

The role of methanolic leaf extracts of Calotropis procera in phenytoin-induced toxicity on histomorphometric variables in the postnatal developing cerebellum of Wistar rat was studied. Pregnant rats were treated orally with 50 mg/kg phenytoin in pre and post natal life and 300 mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera 1 hour prior to phe...

Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) is a plant known widely particularly in the Indo-Malayan region for its uses in various ailments as reported in literature. However, little is known for its effect on the female reproductive system. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of methanolic seed extract of Momordica ch...

Background: Nigerians with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) often develop cardiopulmonary complications which necessitates prescription of therapeutic exercises. Progress monitoring post exercise prescription in the management cardiopulmonary complications is paramount. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of weight bearing aerobics comb...

Background: Diabetes has been associated with reproductive impairment in both men and women. A large body of evidence has demonstrated that men with diabetes appear to have lower sperm quality compared with healthy controls. There is, therefore, a great need for continued efforts at sourcing for agents that will not only lower blood glucose but wil...

This study investigated the effect of Amodiaquine hydrochloride (AQ.HCl) administered by gavage on the oestrous cycle, ovarian morphology and on the antioxidant status of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the ovary of 15 regular cyclic Sprague-Dawley rats. The experiment was divided into 3 groups as follows: group I-received 6 mg/kg...

The present study explored the effect of virgin coconut oil on oxidative stress, testosterone and gonadotropic hormones in alcohol-induced testicular injury. Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups (n=5). The oil was processed from the mature endosperm of coconut and administered at 6.7 ml/kg body weight, while alcohol wa...

A steady weight increase disproportionate to height is by far the most prevalent type of body weight imbalance (overweight and obesity) in apparently healthy individuals of growing age. Many subsisting weight-reduction regimes or formulations are ineffective. Therefore, an effective and affordable weight-reduction product will add to the options av...

Palmaris longus (PL) muscle, although of little functional use to the human upper limb, assumes great importance when used as a donor tendon for transfer or transplant. The surgeon’s awareness of the incidence in a population is therefore desirable. In the present study, 500 Medical students (242 males and 258 females) of ages 16 to 40 years from b...