Abirami Ramu Ganesan

Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research | NIBIO

Future agricultural practices necessitate green alternatives to replace hazardous insecticides while distinguishing between pests and beneficial insects. Chitosan, as a biological macromolecule derived from chitin, is biodegradable and exhibits low toxicity to non-target organisms, making it a sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides. This r...

Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens [L.], Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae (BSFL) production from food waste is gaining interest. Food waste, a heterogeneous mix of agro-food and catering leftovers serves as a challenging feedstock for BSF growth due to its varying composition. BSF, are classified as polyphagous insects with a digestive system featu...

This chapter delineates the commercial and nutraceutical importance of carotenoids obtained from algal biomass. The chemical structure, isolation, and biological applications and commercialization of different types of carotenoids and xanthophylls are described herein. Though the carotenoids exhibit structural similarities, isolation and purificati...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of seaweed Champia parvula and identification of active compounds for this action. In this regard, C. parvula crude extracts were obtained from n-hex-ane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, and water used to study the antifungal action. Results showed that methanolic extract had...

The marine food-processing industries were producing large quantities of shell wastes as a discard. Currently, this waste material was underutilized and leads to the landfill as a significant environmental issue. The outer shells or exoskeletons of mollusks serve as the best source of chitin. Three different allomorphs of chitin (γ, β, and γ) were...

Horticultural food waste can be recovered to produce high-value products. Appropriate green solvents and a selection of cleaner production could unlock waste into useful resources for human health. This will significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and CO2 production, and create economic opportunities to contribute to food security.

Craft breweries are continuously searching for beers made with locally produced raw materials and unique flavor profiles to respond to consumer requests. We explored the behavior of three commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the fermentation of ale beer with a high prevalence of rye malt in comparison to pure barley malt. In total, 34...

There is a stable growth in aquaculture production to avoid seafood scarcity. The usage of eco-friendly feed additives is not only associated with aquatic animal health but also reduces the risk of deleterious effects to the environment and consumers. Aquaculture researchers are seeking dietary solutions to improve the growth performance and yield...

This study aimed to evaluate the rheological properties of doughs with 50% brewers’ spent grain (BSG) derived from a rye-based (RBSG) and barley-based (BBSG) beer added, and the textural profile of the related baked products. Simple model systems using BSG flour mixed with water were studied. Two bakery products, focaccia and cookies, were made as...

Emerging pollutants, corrosive chemicals and dyes released from the industries, harshly contaminates the landfills, environment and water reservoirs. Mass mortalities of aquatic animals in water bodies and species depletion is linked with improper release of wastewater. Pollutants released in water bodies are a threatening alarm to the human societ...

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) Hermetia illucens is fastest growing and most promising insect species especially recommended to bring high-fat content as 5th generation bioenergy. The fat content can be fully optimized during the life-cycle of the BSFL through various organic dietary supplements and environmental conditions. Enriched fat can be ob...

The accumulation of petroleum-based plastics causes economic and environmental concerns which necessitate a comprehensive search for biodegradable packaging materials. Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is an interesting by-product, which is one of the main wastes of beer production in Europe. BSG could offer added value in the food packaging sector owing...

Chitin is one of the most diverse and naturally occurring biopolymers, and it is mainly present in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation process. It is important to note that the conventional chemical method of extracting chitin includes disadvantages and it poses various environmental issues. Recently, t...

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that cause severe damage to agricultural products and food in the food supply chain. These detrimental pollutants have been directly linked with poor socioeconomic patterns and human health issues. Among the natural micropollutants, ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are widely distributed in f...

Phycoerythrin (PE) is a photosensitive red pigment from phycobiliprotein family predominantly present in the red algae. The concentration of PE depends on photon flux density (PFD) and the quality of light absorbed by the algae tissue. This necessitates robust techniques to extract PE from the embedded cell-wall matrix of the algal frond. Similarly...

Aquaculture industry is one of the world’s fastest and largest growing food producing sector. Most importantly, the usage of fish meal in aquaculture has been replaced with alternate protein sources due to their production cost, demand of raw materials and various environmental issues. The insect black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larval (BSFL)...

Aquaculture industry is one of the major food-producing sectors in the world that provide nutritional food security for mankind. Fish and crustacean farmers are facing various challenges in treating the rapid spread of infectious diseases in recent times. Numerous strategies, including antibiotics, disinfectants, and other antimicrobial agents, hav...

Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic. It is often detected in various environmental sources around the world and is considered as one of the emerging contaminants (ECs). This paper reviews the distribution of diclofenac at high concentrations in diverse environments and its adverse ecological impact. Recent studies observed...

Dieckol [C 36 H 22 O 18 ], is a naturally occurring phlorotannin found in some brown algal species. Dieckol is gaining more attention in the scientific community for its potential biological activities. It has been exhibited a broad spectrum of therapeutic functions including anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, neu...

The titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were synthesized by the aqueous extract from P. djamor. The UV–Vis spectrum of TiO2NPs showed maximum absorption at 345 nm and the XRD pattern reflects peaks at 2θ value of 27.51°, 36.16°, 41.31°, 54.37°, 56.68°, 62.80° and 69.04° can be indexed to the (110), (101), (111), (211), (220), (204) and (301) w...

Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is categorized as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention and phased out globally. In this review, the distribution, toxicity, and interactive effect of endosulfan isomers and their remediation approaches are discussed. The occurrence of endosulfan residues in various environmental c...

Extraction technologies, including Soxhlet extraction, have been used to extract polyphenols from macroalgae and marine microalgae. However, they can be time‐consuming, and cause degradation or lower yields or purities of extractives. To overcome those disadvantages, extraction technologies with relatively lower energy inputs, rapid treatment times...

Proteins are the fundamental growth factors of living organisms leading the scientific community to investigate new sources of protein to meet the demand of global consumers. Selected algae are known to be rich sources of protein. These proteins and peptides are isolated from various groups of micro‐ and macroalgae through different techniques. Enz...

This chapter delineates the commercial and nutraceutical importance of carotenoids obtained from algal biomass. The chemical structure, isolation, and biological applications and commercialization of different types of carotenoids and xanthophylls are described herein. Though the carotenoids exhibit structural similarities, isolation and purificati...

This review aims to highlight the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the feed of meat-producing animals. The accumulation of OTA in feed and its distribution in various farm animals were compared and evaluated. Primarily, the oral administration of OTA-contaminated feed and the predisposition in an animal’s vital organ were critically examined in thi...

Cereal grains or their by‐products provide essential nutrients and are used as energy source in both human and animal diet. It is expected that with the growing population, global demand for food and feed will increase dramatically in the coming decades. This chapter details various cereal and cereal‐based alternatives that are currently utilized i...

Phycoerythrin (PE) is a natural protein pigment found in the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii with potential application as a natural colourant in food and cosmetics. Therefore, this study aims to extract PE by ion-exchange chromatography and then encapsulate it with kappa-carrageenan (PE-Kc) and guar-gum (PE-Gg) to measure the stability and function...

Cold plasma technology (CPT) is considered as one of the emerging alternative techniques for preserving food commodities, extending shelf life, and retaining bioactive compounds in foods. Due to non-thermal nature, CPT is a useful technology for the sterilization process, especially for heat-sensitive foods. However, CPT in food is still an emergin...

Background: Insects are a living resource used for human nutrition, medicine, and industry. Several potential sources of proteins, peptides, and biopolymers, such as silk, chitin, and chitosan are utilized in industry and for biotechnology applications. Chitosan is an amino-polysaccharide derivative of chitin that consists of linear amino polysacc...

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of chrysoeriol from Cardiospermum halicacabum in streptozotocin induced Wistar rats. Thirty rats were categorized as control, diabetic control supplemented with 0, 20 mg/kg chrysoeriol and 600 μg/kg BW of glibenclamide for 45-day trial period. Our results indicated that the inclusion of chrysoeriol (2...

Tropical and sub-tropical fruits are tremendous sources of polysaccharides (PSs), which are of great interest in the human welfare system as natural medicines, food and cosmetics. This review paper aims to highlight the recent trends in extraction (conventional and non-conventional), purification and analytic techniques of fruit polysaccharides (FP...

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the anti-diabetic effects of the crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide derived from G. lithophila on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Treatment with crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide showed increases in body weight and pancreatic insulin leve...

Edible marine invertebrates from crustaceans, molluscs and echinodermata can be considered as a novel and organic-based biopolymers for various functional applications. These biopolymers are made of polysaccharide and protein, which are utilized by humans as food and nutraceutical ingredients for specific diseases in decades. In recent times the po...

The marine invertebrates are vast species in the animal kingdom which consists abundant source of novel functional biopolymers like proteins, lipid and polysaccharides that possess numerous biological activities. These biopolymers had been used for multiple application and served as a functional food for health perspective. In recent times, marine...

The present study evaluated the nutritional composition of under-exploited edible seaweeds and its comparison with recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of pregnant women. Some under-exploited seaweeds were identified such as Acanthophora spicifera, Gracilaria edulis, Padina gymnospora, Ulva fasciata and Enteromorpha flexuosa were not utilized direc...

Seaweeds are known to be rich source of micronutrients and bioactive compounds. The main objective of this study was to find the toxicological evaluation and heavy metal accumulation of five under-exploited edible seaweeds in animal model followed by dosage determination for regular consumption as a food by humans and food application. Some under-e...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of seaweed Champia parvula and identification of active compounds for this action. In this regard, C. parvula crude extracts were obtained from n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, and water used to study the antifungal action. Results showed that methanolic extract had...

There is a growing interest that bioactive compounds from seaweed can play a major therapeutic role in disease prevention in humans. Seaweed bioactives including polysaccharides, pigments, fatty acids, polyphenols and peptides have been proven to possess various beneficial biological properties that could potentially contribute to functional food a...

The composite film was developed from refined carrageenan (RC), semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) in various percent to study the functionality as active packaging for sesame oil. The physical, mechanical and functional properties of composite films were evaluated and shelf-life of sesame oil in the composite film also est...

Herein, a polysaccharide obtained from Pleurotus sajor-caju was fractionated via anion-exchange column chromatography and purified using gel permeation column chromatography. The chemical characterization of the polysaccharide indicated that it contained 90.16% total carbohydrate, 0% protein, 12.7% ash and 5.2% moisture; on the other hand, the carb...

Extraction process of refined form of carrageenan is intensive and cost‐effective. The present study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of semi‐refined carrageenan (SRC) as a better alternative in meat analogs. Results showed that low percent of SRC (0.2%) to influence the microstructure with roughness, while water holding capacity (range 78.26...

Polysaccharides resultant from microorganism are a class of the real polysaccharides occurred in nature during any metabolism. Due to the novel characteristics and physiochemical nature, these polysaccharides attain more attention in the field of food, feed, pharmaceutical, biomedical and cosmetic application. In the food industries these polysacch...

Polysaccharides resultant from microorganism are a class of the real polysaccharides occurred in nature during any metabolism. Due to the novel characteristics and physiochemical nature, these polysaccharides attain more attention in the field of food, feed, pharmaceutical, biomedical and cosmetic application. In the food industries these polysacch...

KOH is widely used for extraction of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC). The concentration levels of KOH used in extraction can significantly influence SRC qualities and edible films developed. SRC extracted from red seaweeds ‘Kappaphycus alvarezii’ at different concentration levels (using KOH at 6%, 12%, 18% and 24%) were used to develop an edible fil...

Edible films were developed from seaweed polysaccharides (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Ulva fasciata). The total extracted yield of semi refined carrageenan (SRC) and ulvan polysaccharide was 31.55%, and 28.86%, with total carbohydrate being 78.08% and 82.43% in SRC and ulvan polysaccharides. Results of viscometric studies revealed molecular weight to...

The sulfated polysaccharide was obtained from Acanthophora spicifera studied for potential function as an edible film in food application. The chemical characterization of sulfated polysaccharide showed 88.26% total carbohydrate, 14.8% ash with no protein. Hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur content were 38.08%, 7.04%, 8.04% and 0.28%, respectively. GC-M...

Selected seaweeds ( Acanthophora spicifera, Gracilaria edulis, Padina gymnospora, Ulva fasciata ,and Enteromorpha flexuosa) from the Gulf of Mannar coast, India, were analyzed for their antioxidant properties. Derived phenols in the methanolic extracts of these seaweeds were quantified and their scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydr...

Selected seaweeds (Acanthophora spicifera, Gracilaria edulis, Padina gymnospora, Ulva fasciata, and Enteromorpha flexuosa) from the Gulf of Mannar coast, India, were analyzed for their antioxidant properties. Derived phenols in the methanolic extracts of these seaweeds were quantified and their scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydra...

Government of India had consolidated different laws relating to food safety and laid own science based standards for articles of food and to regulate their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import, to ensure safe and wholesome food for human consumption. Out of the cereal, spices, condiments and related products received for analyses at...

Seaweeds are non-flowering marine macro algae which are grown in wide spectra. The edible green seaweed Ulva fasicata shows potent therapeutic value and it is used as nanoparticle agent in cancer therapy. Synthesis of biological nanoparticles is physiologically toxic free with more effective in the treatment of cancer. Hence Ulva fasicata was devel...

A group of 30 Wistar albino rats were selected and divided into five groups of six rats each. The hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract Ulva fasciata was evaluated in diabetic rats using two different dose (200 and 400 mg/kg) in terms of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and hepatic glycogen were examined in control and extract treated diabet...

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Kappaphycus alvarezii methanolic extracts in albino rats.Methods Sub–chronic toxicity was tested with a single dose of intraperitonal administration of the extract as per the OECD guidelines in the experimental group rats and the control group rats was fed with standard diet and water ad libitu...

Underexploited seaweeds of south India namely Acanthophora spicifera, Gracilaria edulis, Padina gymnospora, Ulva fasciata and Enteromorpha flexuosa collected from Gulf of Mannar Coast, Ramanathapuram district India, were screened for their antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, P...

Seaweeds are primitive non flowering aquatic plants, which have been a source of food, feed and medicine since ancient times. The selected green seaweed U. fasciata collected from Gulf of Mannar is a unique marine habitat that belongs to the diverse class of seaweeds. Hence the present study was conducted with the specific objectives to explore the...

Seaweeds are primitive non flowering aquatic plants , which have been a source of food, feed and medici ne since ancient times. The selected green seaweed U. fasciata collected from Gulf of Mannar is a unique marine ha bitat that belongs to the diverse class of seaweeds . Hence the present study was conducted with the specific objectives to explo r...

The study aimed at evaluating the nutrient and nutraceutical potentials of the selected seaweed biomass namely Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The selected seaweeds were found to be rich in macro and micronutrients. Kappaphycus contained high amount of ash when compared to U. lactuca. It is revealed that the mercury level in U. lactuca was...