Abigail Shoben

• The Ohio State University

Social support plays a key role in behavioral changes, especially in Appalachian populations. We examined the mediating effect of social support in behavioral changes and corresponding weight loss outcomes among Appalachian adults. Data were from a group-randomized trial that compared a 12-month faith-based weight loss intervention to an active con...

Objective: There is an increasing interest in human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection as a strategy for women not up-to-date with cervical cancer screening. We report the findings of an HPV self-collection educational intervention for health care providers and staff. Materials and Methods: As part of the Health Outcomes through Motivation and Ed...

Background Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men have been referred to as a “hard-to-reach” or “hidden” community in terms of recruiting for research studies. With widespread internet use among this group and young adults in general, web-based avenues represent an important approach for reaching and recruiting members of this com...

Public stigma and prejudice toward people with psychiatric conditions is highly prevalent and damaging. Explanations for the origins of mental illness can influence attitudes toward people with these conditions. To date, studies exploring the effects of explanations for the origins of mental illness have focused on genetic or environmental explanat...

Objective To develop a web-based tool for daily use by agility handlers to log rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for dogs as an aid in quantifying daily exercise and training load and to improve training and conditioning strategies. Procedures Focus group meetings with small groups of handlers were conducted via internet—based video conferencing...

Introduction During agility performance, dogs complete a preset obstacle course. The teeter, also known as the seesaw, is the only dynamic contact obstacle. Dogs handle dynamic obstacles differently than static obstacles due to the need for increased coordination and postural control. No studies have been performed evaluating dogs’ abilities or bio...

Limited research has examined attention to these cigar-specific health warnings and their perceived effectiveness among young people. The objective of our study was to evaluate the attention to and perceptions of a set of cigar-specific health warnings among young adult tobacco users and non-users. Methods: Young adults ages 18–24 in Columbus, Ohio...

Background Despite the promise of mail-based human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection programs for increasing cervical cancer screening, few have been evaluated in the United States. We report the results of a mail-based HPV self-collection program for underscreened women living in Appalachia. Methods We conducted a group randomized trial from 2...

Objectives. To determine whether the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention is effective in increasing naloxone distribution compared with usual care. Methods. The HEALing (Helping to End Addiction Long-Term) Communities Study (HCS) is a cluster-randomized, parallel-arm, wait-list controlled implementation science trial testing the impact of the...

ntroduction: Canine agility competitions are run on a variety of surfaces. Surface composition has been correlated with speed and injury risk in humans and equids, but has not been evaluated in the context of dog agility. The objective of this study was to evaluate types of surfaces found in agility competition facilities and estimate correlations...

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the type of veterinary care sought by handlers of injured agility dogs, the types of treatments the dogs received, and the timeframe for return to training and competition. Procedures Owners of agility dogs completed an internet-based survey. They were instructed to report injuries that had kept the...

BACKGROUND Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men have been referred to as a “hard-to-reach” or “hidden” community in terms of recruiting for research studies. With widespread internet use among this group and young adults in general, web-based avenues represent an important approach for reaching and recruiting members of this com...

Introduction Canine agility competitions are performed on a variety of surfaces. In the equine and human literature, surface type has been associated with speed, performance, and injury risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of general surface type and time of day on calculated speed (yards per second over a measured course distance...

Despite interest in quitting vaping among young adults (YAs), little is known about characteristics of e-cigarette (EC) users seeking treatment. In this study, YAs aged 18–24 living in the United States interested in vaping cessation treatment were recruited to complete an online survey regarding demographics and EC use. Primary eligibility criteri...

Objectives: Inflammation contributes to disparate neurodevelopmental outcomes between preterm and term-born infants. In this context, DNA methylation may contribute to inflammation by affecting gene expression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor-kappa-B-inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) are important genes for targeted DNA methylati...

Objective To review mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) tested in randomized controlled trials (RCT) across the cancer continuum. Data Source Articles identified in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Two independent reviewers screened articles for: (1) topic relevance; (2) RCT study des...

Background/aims When designing a cluster randomized trial, advantages and disadvantages of tentative designs must be weighed. The stepped wedge design is popular for multiple reasons, including its potential to increase power via improved efficiency relative to a parallel-group design. In many realistic settings, it will take time for clusters to f...

Background Virtually all cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children in the United States occur through vertical transmission, but it is unknown how many children are infected. Cases of maternal HCV infection have increased in the United States, which may increase the number of children vertically infected with HCV. Infection has long-te...

Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 290 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with prostate cancer. These SNVs can be combined to generate a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), which estimates an individual’s risk to develop prostate cancer. Identifying individuals at higher risk for prostate cancer using PRS could allow for pe...

Introduction: The weave pole obstacle has been implicated in agility-related injuries and it has been speculated that changes in agility obstacle performance could indicate an injury. It is currently unknown how much variability in obstacle performance exists within a single dog. Wearable sensors have been developed to detect performance of specifi...

The objective of this study was to describe paw placement patterns for canine athletes completing the dog walk obstacle during canine agility trials. It was hypothesized that dogs would demonstrate defined sets of paw placement patterns as they complete the dog walk obstacle and that those could be classified based on end contact behavior. Videos o...

Objectives Our aim was to determine risk factors for developing stifle injuries in canine agility athletes. We hypothesized that increased weight, increased frequency of competing, and greater number of runs/day would increase risk. Study design Internet based survey, n = 4,197. Methods Individuals with at least one dog who had competed in agilit...

Enasidenib is an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) approved for the treatment of patients with IDH2-mutant relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this phase 2/1b Beat AML sub-study, we applied a risk-adapted approach to assess the efficacy of enasidenib monotherapy for patients 60 years and older with newly diagnosed IDH2...

Background Hepatitis Virus C (HCV) infection rates have trended upwards among pregnant people in the USA since 2009. Existing evidence about HCV infections and maternal outcomes is limited; therefore, we used birth certificate data to investigate the association between HCV infection and maternal health outcomes. Methods We used the 2017 US birth...

Black women in the U.S. have the highest incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and are disproportionately burdened by its adverse sequalae compared to women of all racial and ethnic groups. Segregation, a key driver of structural racism for Black families, can provide critical information to understanding these disparities. We exam...

Background Stress exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with poor outcomes in preterm infants. However, factors predicting subsequent NICU stress exposure have not been identified. Purpose To characterize NICU stressors experienced by preterm infants during the first 2 weeks of life and identify demographic, perinatal,...

Rural residents experience higher rates of obesity, obesity-related chronic diseases, and poorer lifestyle. Promoting physical activity and healthy eating are critical for rural residents; however, lack of resources and access barriers limit the feasibility of in-person lifestyle interventions. There is a need to design and deliver remotely accessi...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of variable centrifugation protocols on the cellular composition of the final product of a canine autologous conditioned plasma double-syringe system. ANIMALS 30 client-owned healthy adult medium- to large-breed (17- to 45-kg) dogs. METHODS 35 mL of anticoagulated whole blood from each subject was aliquoted into 3...

Purpose Obesity and health behaviors are the major modifiable contributors to cancer and health disparities. We examined the differences in obesity-related health behaviors, and health outcomes by rural and Appalachian residency in Ohio. Methods Cross-sectional survey data from the 2011–2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were obtained...

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is recommended for average-risk adults, yet many adults are not up-to-date with screening. One recommended CRC screening approach is the annual completion of a fecal immunochemical test (FIT). However, usually, fewer than half of mailed FIT tests are returned. Methods: To address barriers to FIT return,...

Objectives We investigated the relationship between maternal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and infant health. Furthermore, we evaluated racial disparities with these associations. Methods Using 2017 US birth certificate data, we investigated the association between maternal HCV infection and infant birthweight, preterm birth, and Apgar score....

Introduction: Increased training load is associated with increased injury risk in human sports. A similar correlation has not been evaluated in canines. Our aim was to quantify the reported training load in agility dogs and evaluate correlation to injury. We hypothesized that as training load increased so would injury frequency. Materials and Meth...

Introduction: Agility dogs compete on multiple surfaces, but effect on injury risk is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of surface, run order and number of runs on performance. We hypothesized that surface type would affect speed and that more runs/day would decrease speed and performance. Materials and Methods: Data from all runs of the...

Introduction: Increased training load is associated with increased injury risk in human sports. A similar correlation has not been evaluated in canines. Our aim was to quantify the reported training load in agility dogs and evaluate correlation to injury. We hypothesized that as training load increased so would injury frequency. Materials and Meth...

Introduction: Agility dogs compete on multiple surfaces, but effect on injury risk is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of surface, run order, and number of runs on performance. We hypothesized that surface type would affect speed and that more runs/day would decrease speed and performance. Materials and Methods: Data from all runs of th...

Background Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations or a complex karyotype have a poor prognosis, and hypomethylating agents are often used. The authors evaluated the efficacy of entospletinib, an oral inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase, combined with decitabine in this patient population. Methods Thi...

Background: Routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for young adults, yet many young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) remain unvaccinated. We report the efficacy of Outsmart HPV, a web-based HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Methods: From 2019-2021, we recruited YGBMSM in the United States...

Background Weight loss through lifestyle modification can produce health benefits and may reduce cancer risk. The goal of this study was to examine the feasibility of and adherence to a 15-week telephone-based weight loss intervention in rural Ohio, an area with high rates of obesity. Methods This pilot 2-arm randomized controlled study was design...

Objective To understand relative frequency of adverse health events, defined as injuries or infectious diseases, in dogs participating in agility and to determine health research priorities of agility dog owners. Procedures An internet-based questionnaire distributed to agility dog owners included items related to experiences with infectious disea...

Background: Research suggests flavor facilitates cigarillo use, but it is unknown if flavor impacts patterns of co-use of cigarillos and cannabis ("co-use"), which is common among young adult smokers. This study's aim was to determine the role of the cigarillo flavor in co-use among young adults. Methods: Data were collected (2020-2021) in a cross-...

While genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is well‐established in the field of medicine, family members' uptake of cascade genetic testing for known familial pathogenic variants remains low. Probands often become responsible for initiating familial communication about their testing results, and barriers to commun...

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in American men and the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer, which can be combined to make a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) and give an individual their...

Introduction: Border Collies (BC) are the most commonly injured agility dog breed. We aimed to identify demographic, training, and competition variables associated with injury risk for BCs in agility. We hypothesized that higher jump heights and competing at the national/international level would increase injury risk. Materials and Methods: An int...

Agility is one of the most popular dog sports worldwide. Competitions have evolved with the addition of more technically challenging courses, which in turn have increased physical demand on canine athletes. A recent survey on injuries sustained by agility dogs found that nearly 42% of dogs sustained an injury, which was a notable increase compared...

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are important antecedents to HPV vaccination, yet remain suboptimal among young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM). We report the effects of a theoretically-informed, web-based HPV vaccination intervention on these cognitive outcomes. From 2019–2021, we recruited a national sample of YGBMSM...

Objective To describe risk factors associated with demographics, training, and competition for iliopsoas injury in dogs participating in agility competitions, as well as describe owner reported treatment and return to sport following injury. Procedures An internet-based survey of agility handlers collected risk factor data for dogs participating i...

Flavored cigar restrictions have the potential to benefit public health. Flavor availability facilitates cigarillo use, but it is unknown if flavor impacts patterns of co-use of cigarillos and cannabis, an increasingly prevalent behavior among young adults. Data were collected (2020–2021) in a cross-sectional online survey administered to a conveni...

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare previously identified demographic risk factors for injury in agility dogs, and explore other potential associations with demographic risk factors in new populations, and across different levels of injury severity. Procedures An internet-based survey of agility handlers was conducted. The primary o...

Introduction: Border Collies (BC) are the most commonly injured agility dog breed. We aimed to identify demographic, training, and competition variables associated with injury risk for BCs in agility. We hypothesized that higher jump heights and competing at the national/international level would increase injury risk. Methods: An internet based s...

Background/aims: This work is motivated by the HEALing Communities Study, which is a post-test only cluster randomized trial in which communities are randomized to two different trial arms. The primary interest is in reducing opioid overdose fatalities, which will be collected as a count outcome at the community level. Communities range in size fr...

Objective: To describe risk factors associated with training and competition in relation to frequency and severity of injuries experienced by agility dogs. Procedures: An internet-based survey collected data on competition level variables and training level variables. The primary outcome was history of any injury and a secondary outcome considered...

Objectives: To determine whether self-efficacy and social support mediate the association between intervention attendance and changes in health behaviors; and to quantify the dose-response relationship between changes in health behaviors and weight loss outcomes. Methods: Data were from a group-randomized trial that compared a 1-year faith-based we...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and define paw placement patterns for canines completing the weave pole obstacle during canine agility trials. The secondary objectives were to determine the most efficient running style and completion percentages and provide a basis for future studies to evaluate the long-term implications of varian...

Background: IVO is an oral potent inhibitor of mutated IDH1 (IDH1m) enzyme, recently approved for the treatment (Tx) of ND adult patients (pts) with IDH1m AML ≥75 years old or with comorbidities precluding use of intensive induction chemotherapy, and adult pts with relapsed or refractory AML. In this Phase 2 sub-study of the Beat AML Master Trial,...

Background: In vitro studies and emerging clinical data suggest that inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase may have an antileukemic effect in human AML. Pts with AML and TP53 mutations (TP53m) are commonly associated with older age (≥60 years) and complex karyotype (CK) and respond poorly to standard 7 + 3 induction (IND) chemotherapy with <10% 1-ye...

Objective: To describe the frequency and types of injuries experienced by dogs competing and training in agility and identify breed and geographic differences in frequency and types of injuries. Sample: Surveys completed by owners of 4,701 dogs. Procedures: The study involved an internet-based survey. Participants were asked whether their dog had...

Background The stepped wedge cluster randomized trial (SW-CRT) design is now preferred for many health- related trials because of its flexibility on resource allocation and clinical ethics concerns. However, as a necessary extension of studying multiple interventions, multiphase stepped wedge designs (MSW-CRT) have not been studied adequately. Sinc...

Inflammation often accompanies preterm birth and contributes to poor neurodevelopment in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to describe postnatal cytokine trajectories among non-infected very preterm infants during the first weeks of life. Blood samples for cytokine analysis were collected weekly from infants born between 28 and 31 week...

Objectives. To test a tailored mobile health (i.e., mHealth) intervention for waterpipe tobacco cessation in young adults. Methods. From 2018 to 2020 at 2 US sites, we conducted a randomized trial with 349 waterpipe tobacco smokers aged 18 to 30 years randomized to control (no intervention), untailored, or tailored intervention arms. Intervention a...

In a recent survey of agility dogs, lumbosacral injuries were reported in 7.1% of dogs. No previous studies have investigated lumbosacral injury in agility dogs. Our aim was to determine potential risk factors for development of lumbosacral injuries in canine agility athletes. We hypothesized that competing more frequently and doing more runs per d...

Stifle injuries are reported to make up 4.4% of agility injuries. As in humans, knee injuries can be career ending. No risk factors for development of stifle injuries in agility have been reported. Our aim was to determine such risk factors. We hypothesized that increased weight and competing more frequently and doing more runs per day would increa...

In a recent survey of injuries in agility dogs, iliopsoas injuries were the second most commonly reported injury. No studies have evaluated iliopsoas injuries specifically in agility athletes. We aimed to determine potential risk factors for developing iliopsoas injury in this population. We hypothesized competing more frequently and doing more run...

Advances in genomic technologies and an increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cancer have resulted in development of new effective, mutation-targeted therapies. In turn, these informed the development of Master Trial designs to test these therapies. The Beat Acute Myeloid Leukemia (BAML) Master Trial (Sponsor: The Leukemia & Lymp...

Introduction: The aim of our study was to describe the association between competition-level variables and injury risk in dogs competing in agility. We hypothesized that an increasing number of trial weekends per year and runs per day would be associated with increased injury risk, that planned time off would be associated with decreased risk, and...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe associations between agility training practices with injury history to determine risk factors for injury. We hypothesized that early jump training would be associated with increased risk, and that there would be a difference in injury risk between types of contact training. Materials & Methods: A...

Introduction: Popularity of canine agility has significantly increased in the last decade, but no updated assessment of risk factors has been published. Our objective was to assess such risk factors for injury in agility, focusing on handler and dog demographics. We hypothesized the Border Collie breed, higher dog weight:heigh ratio, less experienc...

Background Temporal discounting, the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of high discount rates on health behaviors. Methods With data from...

Introduction: Shoulder injuries are reported to be the most common injury sustained by dogs participating in agility. We aimed to determine potential risk factors for shoulder injuries in canine agility athletes. We hypothesized that earlier contact training and weave training, along with competition at the national or international level would lea...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate and define paw placement patterns for dogs completing weave poles during canine agility trials. Secondary objectives were to determine the most efficient running style, determine completion percentages, and provide a basis for future studies to evaluate long-term implications of variants in weave...

Introduction: Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing can be useful for providing information about a patient's drug response by increasing drug efficacy and decreasing the incidence of adverse drug events. While PGx tests were previously only offered to patients under healthcare provider supervision, they are now available as direct to consumer (DTC) tests...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common diagnosed leukemia. In older adults, AML confers an adverse outcome1,2. AML originates from a dominant mutation, then acquires collaborative transformative mutations leading to myeloid transformation and clinical/biological heterogeneity. Currently, AML treatment is initiated rapidly, precluding the a...

Agility competitions have evolved to be more challenging, placing increased physical demand on canine athletes. Previous surveys assessing injury were conducted over 10 years ago. Our aim was to describe the frequency and type of injuries experienced by agility dogs, and to determine if there are breed differences in injuries experienced. We hypoth...

Background: ENA is an oral, selective inhibitor of IDH2 approved for the treatment (Tx) of patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory IDH2 mutated (IDH2m) AML. Here we report the results of a Phase 2 expansion and Phase 1b of the Beat AML Master Trial Phase 2/1b sub-study to assess the efficacy of Tx of newly diagnosed (ND) IDH2m AML pts ≥ 60 years of...

Cascade genetic testing is essential to clarify cancer risk in families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) due to pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1 or BRCA2. To date, data suggest that family communication of genetic testing results, with or without the aid of clinical resources such as a provider-written family letter, is i...

In a multiphase stepped wedge cluster randomized trial (MSW‐CRT), more than one intervention will be initiated on each sequence in a fixed order. Hence, with the MSW‐CRT design, the effect of the first intervention can be evaluated when compared to control, as well as the added‐on effects of the subsequent interventions. Studies that use MSW‐CRT ha...

Background: Temporal discounting (TD), the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of TD on health behaviors. We hypothesized that CCTs work by...

Background: Temporal discounting, the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of high discount rates on health behaviors. Methods: With data fro...

Background: Extended hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units subjects preterm infants to multiple stress exposures that affect long-term cognitive functioning, motor development, and stress reactivity. Measurement of stress exposure is challenging with multiple measures of stress exposure in use, including counts of skin-breaking or invas...

Objective: Greater numeracy is associated with higher likelihood to quit smoking. We examined whether numeracy supports learning of numeric health-risk information and, in turn, greater risk perceptions and quit intentions. Method: Adult smokers (N = 696) viewed text warnings with numeric risk information four times each in one of three warning-...

Background: Inflammation may be an important predictor of long-term neurodevelopment in preterm infants. The identification of specific inflammatory biomarkers that predict outcomes is an important research goal. Objectives: The purpose of this analysis was to identify associations between an early measure of inflammation and neurodevelopment in...

Background: Temporal discounting (TD), the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of TD on health behaviors. We hypothesized that CCTs work by...

PURPOSE: To determine the colorectal cancer (CRC) knowledge, screening compliance, and preference(s) for an intervention to improve screening compliance among companions of patients undergoing colonoscopy. METHODS: Between March and June 2017, we approached individuals who accompanied patients undergoing a colonoscopy (companions) at one of three e...

Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for treatment of BRCA-mutated metastatic breast cancer. Furthermore, the BROCADE studies demonstrated benefit of adding an oral PARPi, veliparib, to carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer harboring BRCA mut...

Female sex workers (FSW) in Malawi have among the highest HIV prevalence estimates worldwide. Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention method, yet preferences for PrEP delivery among FSW are lacking. Eight focus group discussions, a literature review, and cognitive interviews were conducted to identify modifiable Pr...

Background Preterm infants are at risk for impaired neurodevelopment. Inflammation may be an important modifiable mediator of preterm birth and neurodevelopmental impairment, but few studies have examined longitudinal measures of inflammation. Objective To determine the relationship between longitudinal measures of inflammation and neurobehavior i...

To determine colorectal cancer (CRC) screening knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and preferences for a future CRC screening educational intervention among adults (companions) waiting for outpatients undergoing a colonoscopy. We approached 384 companions at three endoscopy centers associated with one healthcare system to complete a survey from March...

Background: Random effects regression imputation has been recommended for multiple imputation (MI) in cluster randomized trials (CRTs) because it is congenial to analyses that use random effects regression. This method relies heavily on model assumptions and may not be robust to misspecification of the imputation model. MI by predictive mean match...

Background/aims In a stepped wedge study design, study clusters usually start with the baseline treatment and then cross over to the intervention at randomly determined times. Such designs are useful when the intervention must be delivered at the cluster level and are becoming increasingly common in practice. In these trials, if the outcome is deat...

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are FDA-approved for treatment of BRCA mutated metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Prior studies demonstrated benefit of adding oral PARPi veliparib to carboplatin and paclitaxel in BRCA mutation positive patients with MBC. We sought to find the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and schedule of veliparib in combina...

Objective: The accumulation of adverse events in childhood is linked to obesity, although the short-term (1 to 2 years) dynamics of weight change during life events has not been investigated. Methods: In the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, mothers re...

Research about Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has predominantly focused on the underlying genetics and neuropathology. Few studies have addressed how AD risk impacts caregivers of adults with DS. This study aimed to explore the perceived impact of AD development in adults with DS on caregivers by assessing caregiver...