Abdulkarim Mohammed

• PhD (Enzyme and Food Biotechnology)
• Professor at Federal University Dutse

Background: In this study, the effect of mango kernel extract in the induction of apoptosis of the breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line was examined. This is an attempt to discover alternatives to current therapeutic regimes in the treatment of breast cancers. Methods: The pro-apoptotic markers, Bax, cytochrome c, caspases- .-8 and −9, and anti-apo...

The aim of this study was to determine phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of extract prepared from Mangifera indica waterlily kernel. Acidified methanolic extract prepared from M. indica waterlily kernel was analyzed. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin_Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 1,1-diphe...

The aim of this study was to determine phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of extract prepared from Mangifera indica waterlily kernel. Acidified methanolic extract prepared from M. indica waterlily kernel was analyzed. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin_Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 1,1-diphe...

Background

Encapsulation of bioactive compound has some encountered issues associated particularly to their mode of fabrication, design, and biodegradability. For these reasons, selecting appropriate coating materials like hydroxyl cellulose has several advantages such as modification of moisture, crystal growth, and viscosity. In addition, starches, maltodex...

The use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the food authentication and process‐chain traceability has raised significant amelioration in terms of structure and stability of some structured foods. In this review article DSC is used to raise other quantitative energy parameters related to structural reconformation and variation in the intr...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. Hypercholesterolemia, characterized by elevated blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, is a risk factor for CVD. A growing body of research suggests that LDL-C levels and CV risk are linked. Despite the fact that the majority of current epidemiologic...

Food emulsifiers and stabilizers such as starch, pectin, and cellulose that are derived from apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) seed and seed residue are an emerging class of natural products, with potential industrial and medicinal benefits. Due to their important roles in colloid and copolymer, these derivative products are aimed to fulfill other biol...

The inactivation of antinutritional factors, protease inhibitors within winged bean protein was induced by two respective method treatments. The physical method based on steam vapor that was conducted using an autoclave and chemical method consisting on pH-gradients of buffer solutions prepared at respective acidic pH, neutral pH and alkaline pH ra...

The present research aimed to investigate the attenuative effects of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) leaf extract on biochemical and histological parameters in a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, including three supplemented...

Lipopeptides are recognized as a structurally diverse group of functional biopeptides. They possess multiple biological, biotechnological and therapeutic applications and are able to affect cell membrane integrity and permeability. It is widely accepted that suppressing the interaction of redooxidation is mainly aimed by inserting functional biopep...

Glutens are potential proteins with multifunctional therapeutic effects. Their covalence network structures with and without protease inhibitors are expected to enhance or to serve further properties and further technological points such as increased bioactive surfaces, gelatinization, gelation and pasting properties. The depletion of the allergic...

Therapeutic peptides derived proteins with alpha-reconformation states like antibody shape have shown potential effects in combating terrible diseases linked with earlier signs of angiogensis, mutagenesis and transgenesis. Alpha reconformation in material design refers to the folding of the peptide chains and their transitions under reversible chem...

Background: 5'-Phosphodiesterase (5'-PDE) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes RNA to form 5'-inosine monophosphate (5'-IMP) and 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP). These 5'-nucleotides can function as flavor enhancers. Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis L.) are found to be high in 5'-PDE. Methods: 5'-phosphodiesterase (5'-PDE) enzyme was characterized from...

Introduction: Rambutan seed is considered a waste by-product of fruit processing. The seed waste is usually discarded or disposed in a large amount without an economic value which has become an issue that needs to be solved. However, the seed contains a considerable amount of crude fat. Aim: the purpose of this study was to characterize the physico...

This study aims to produce an oleic acid‐rich table margarine from Moringa oleifera seed oil (MoO)‐palm stearin (PS) blend (70:30, w/w) and compare its composition, thermal behavior, and textural properties during storage with those of commercial margarines (CM1 and CM2). The major fatty acid in MoO/PS blend, CM1 and CM2 is oleic acid (67.85%, 38.5...

The moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) and shelf lives of soursop powders that had been incorporated with two commercial anticaking agents, calcium silicate (CS) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and inserted into aluminum laminated polyethylene pouches under room (RT, 25 ± 1°C) and elevated (ET, 38 ± 1°C) temperature, maintained at 93 ± 1% RH, were in...

To explore the potential of winged bean seed protein as a food ingredient, an oil-in water emulsion, [25% (w/w), pH 3] stabilized by the protein (5% solution) was prepared by high-pressure homogenizer and subjected to heat (35–75 °C), cold (4–8 °C) and NaCl (1–4%) conditions alone or in combination, and their physicochemical stability to the treatm...

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) consumption as shown by different studies is attributed to many health benefits, like in prevention of hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and even type 2 diabetes due to its phytochemical constituents. The anti-diabetic effects of the seed, flesh, rind and leaf of yellow flesh watermelon extracts were eval...

To make appropriate utilization of the winged bean (WB) seeds, lipids were extracted from the matured seeds along with that of soybeans (SB) as comparison and subjected to lipase hydrolysis and frying experiment.Following the silica gel TLC plate and GC-FID analyses, winged bean oil (WBO)had > 15 % behenic acid (C22:0) compared to soybean oil (SBO)...

The demand for food bioactive ingredients from natural sources with low cost and broad range of applications is extremely increasing. In this study, five date varieties marketed in Malaysia were evaluated for their potential applications as functional food ingredients. The date fruits were extracted with 80% ethanol, and biological activities inclu...

Cell impurities are an emerging nucleating molecular barriers having the capability in disordering the metabolic chain reactions of proteolysis, glycolysis and lipolysis. Their massive effects induced by copolymer crystal growth in compaction with metal and mineral transients are extended as well as in damaging DNA and mRNA structure motif and othe...

To explore the potential of winged bean seed protein as a food ingredient, an oil-in water emulsion, [25% (w/w), pH 3] stabilized by the protein (5% solution) was prepared by high-pressure homogenizer and subjected to heat (35–75 °C), cold (4–8 °C) and NaCl (1–4%) conditions alone or in combination, and their physicochemical stability to the treatm...

Soursop is a tropical fruit that undergoes postharvest deterioration rapidly. Conversion into powder is an ave nue to value-add the fruit as it helps to reduce postharvest losses. Although powder production is not complicated, studies have shown that caking is a common problem often associated with fruit powders. Thus, an addition of a food additiv...

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a tropical fruit that undergoes rapid postharvest deterioration. Conversion into puree is a way to value add the fruit. Pectinex® Ultra SP-L, Celluclast® 1.5 L, and Fungamyl® 800 L (0–5% v/w) were used to treat fruit pulp and pectinase at 1.5% (v/w) concentration was chosen as the primary enzyme in combined enzymes s...

Introduction: The emphasis on high-oleic vegetable oils is prominent in human communities all over the world. That being said, the high level of monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) in tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) oil shows that it is resistant to oxidative stability. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to see if tiger nut oil can be exp...

The safety level of microwaved foods remains at vague as this subject was less addressed scientifically. A study was initiated to address the matter by investigating on the survivability of Salmonella and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 in microwave heated ready-to-eat (RTE) foods using the Most Probable Number coupled Polymerase Chain...

Introduction The emphasis on high-oleic vegetable oils is prominent in human communities all over the world. That being said, the high level of monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) in tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) oil shows that it is resistant to oxidative stability. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to see if tiger nut oil can be expl...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a remarkable pathogen which causes nosocomial diseases worldwide. In this study, raw green mussel and cockle samples in Malaysia were collected and investigated for the occurrence of MRSA. A total of 80 samples were analyzed using phenotypic and molecular approaches. A assembling of the most pro...

Easily perishable soursop (Annona muricata L.) fruit was converted into powder for value‐addition. Soursop puree obtained from fruit pulp that had been treated with different concentrations (0–2% v/w) of Celluclast 1.5 L at fixed (1.5% v/w) concentration of Pectinase Ultra SP‐L were spray‐dried at various inlet temperatures (130–160 °C) after mixin...

Microwave oven is an indispensable tool in every household. However, the proper usage of the microwave ovens was neglected and thus, causing food safety concerns, especially microbiological hazard in microwaved heated food. Therefore, a survey was initiated to gauge the consumer’s knowledge of microwave oven safety concerning the food safety of reh...

Penicillium candidum (PCA 1/TT031) synthesizes different types of extracellular proteases. The objective of this study is to optimize polyethylene glycol (PEG)/citrate based on an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to purify protease from Penicillium candidum (PCA 1/TT031). The effects of different PEG molecular...

This report shows the partitioning and purification of alkaline extracellular lipase from Penicillium candidum (PCA 1/TT031) by solid-state fermentation (SSF). In the present analysis, some of the important parameters such as PEG concentration, PEG molecular mass, salt concentration and buffer concentration were optimised through the response surfa...

Disease inflicted by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes economic losses and burden to the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles loaded ΦKAZ14 (C-ΦKAZ14 NPs) as an oral biological therapy for Colibacillosis was evaluated. C-ΦKAZ14 NPs containing 10⁷ PFU/ml of ΦKAZ14 (Myoviridae; T4-like coliph...

In this study, four selected commercial strains of Aspergillus oryzae were collected from soy sauce koji. These A. oryzae strains designated as NSK, NSZ, NSJ and NST shared similar morphological characteristics with the reference strain (A. oryzae FRR 1675) which confirmed them as A. oryzae species. They were further evaluated for their ability to...

Green tea polyphenols have been reported to possess many biological properties. Despite the many potential benefits of green tea extracts, their sensitivity to high temperature, pH and oxygen is a major disadvantage hindering their effective utilization in the food industry. Green tea leaves from the Cameron Highlands Malaysia were extracted using...

The use of chitosan as a delivery carrier has attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) and chitosan-ΦKAZ14 bacteriophage-loaded nanoparticles (C-ΦKAZ14 NP) were prepared by a simple coercavation method and characterized. The objective was to achieve an effective protection of bacteriophage from gastric...

A Review Article on Adansonia dijitata (baobab)

Bacteriophage phi KAZ14, is a T4-like myovirus which infects Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli 01 (APEC 01) and extended spectrum b lactamase producing E. coli isolated from chickens. APEC 01 causes colibacillosis in poultry leading to huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide and b lactamase producing E. coli is resistant to commonly...

In this study, the effect of mango kernel extract in the induction of apoptosis of the breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line was examined. This is an attempt to discover alternatives to current therapeutic regimes in the treatment of breast cancers. The pro-apoptotic markers, Bax, cytochrome c, caspases-. -8 and -9, and anti-apoptotic markers, Bcl-2...

Background: High oleic acid Moringa oleifera seed oil (MoO) has been rarely applied in food products due to the low melting point and lack of plasticity. Enzymatic interesterification (EIE) of MoO with palm stearin (PS) and palm kernel oil (PKO) could yield harder fat stocks that may impart desirable nutritional and physical properties. Results:...

Introduction: Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) share similar genetic relatedness and causing human and poultry diseases. The two showed great overlap based on their serophylogenetic groups and virulence genotypes. The ability of APEC to spread to human, and its capability to act as human UPEC or its po...

Introduction: Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) share similar genetic relatedness and causing human and poultry diseases. The two showed great overlap based on their serophylogenetic groups and virulence genotypes. The ability of APEC to spread to human, and its capability to act as human UPEC or its p...

To explore possible food applications, the oxidative stability, antioxidants contents (tocopherols and tocotrienols), thermal properties and solid fat content of winged bean oil (WBO) were investigated along with soybean oil (SBO) for comparison. Results showed that WBO was significantly (P < 0.05) resistant to oxidation (27 h) than SBO (9 h) heate...

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in chicken leading to huge economic loses to poultry industry globally. Antibiotic therapy is being used to control the disease perhaps with limited success largely due to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance strains. Bacteriophage could be an alternative option to contro...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important bioactive compound biosynthesized by microorganisms through decarboxylation of glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In this study, a full-length GAD gene was obtained by cloning the template deoxyribonucleic acid to pTZ57R/T vector. The open reading frame of the GAD gene showed the cloned gene w...

Dear Editor,Bacteriophages(otherwise called phages)are a type of virus that infect bacteria.This viral type has found useful applications in the control of bacterial pathogens in foods and food processing environments.In addition,phages may be useful to prevent colonization and shedding of bacteria into the surrounding environment.

Breast cancer has become a global health issue requiring huge expenditures for care and treatment of patients. There is a need to discover newer cost-effective alternatives for current therapeutic regimes. Mango kernel is a waste product with potential as a source of anti-cancer phytochemicals, especially since it is non-toxic towards normal breast...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important bioactive compound biosynthesized by microorganisms through decarboxylation of glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In this study, a full-length GAD gene was obtained by cloning the template deoxyribonucleic acid to pTZ57R/T vector. The open reading frame of the GAD gene showed the cloned gene w...

Breast cancer has become a global health issue requiring huge expenditures for care and treatment of patients. There is a need to discover newer cost-effective alternatives for current therapeutic regimes. Mango kernel is a waste product with potential as a source of anti-cancer phytochemicals, especially since it is non-toxic towards normal breast...

Breast cancer has become a global health issue requiring huge expenditures for care and treatment of patients. There is a need to discover newer cost-effective alternatives for current therapeutic regimes. Mango kernel is a waste product with potential as a source of anti-cancer phytochemicals, especially since it is non-toxic towards normal breast...

Blends (30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 w/w) of Moringa oleifera seed oil (MoO) with palm olein (PO), palm stearin (PS), palm kernel oil (PKO) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) were prepared. To determine the physicochemical properties of the blends, the iodine value (IV), saponication value (SV), fatty acid (FA) composition, triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, t...

Background Waterlily Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is thought to be antioxidant-rich, conferred by its functional phytochemicals. Methods The potential anticancer effects of the ethanolic kernel extract on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) using MTT, anti-proliferation, neutral red (NR) uptake and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays...

The presence of lard or its derivatives in any food products is a serious religious issue among Muslim and Judaism. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) coupled with chemometrics techniques such as Principle Components Analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis to...

Daucus carota is one of the most renowned, widely available and a cheap source for carotenoid. Carotenoids have interesting pigment properties and more importantly, are the beneficial effects it has on human health. Carotenoid gene isolated from natural sources has been used to produce carotenoid via microbial fermentation because of the dramatic i...

Response surface methodology was used to optimize critical process variables in the production of catechins by an engineered strain of E. coli BL (DE3) carrying an artificial gene cluster of catechin biosynthetic genes. Variables initially identified in literature for metabolic engineering of natural and non natural products including concentration...

A study was carried out to compare the composition and thermal profiles of the fat component of six brands of commercial biscuits (BA, BB, BC, BD, BE & BF) with those of lard and palm oil. Extraction of fat from biscuit samples was done using petroleum ether according to the soxhlet extraction procedure. The isolated fat samples along with lard and...

Plants that help in slowing down the digestion of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the pancreas and small intestine of humans play an important role in the reduction of obesity. On the other hand, there may be plants or plant parts that stimulate intestinal lipolytic activity, thus contributing to greater TAG assimilation. The aim of this study was to ev...

Background: L-glutamic acid, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and an important intermediate in metabolism acts as a precursor of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). In the present study, culture condition for enhanced glutamic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum MNZ was optimized and the influence of such conditions on GABA pr...

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a serious food-borne pathogen for immunocompromised individuals. L. monocytogenes is capable of producing biofilm on the surface of food processing lines and instruments. The biofilm transfers contamination to food products and impose risk to public health. Transfers contamination to food products, and i...

Phytochemicals belonging to the group's phenols, terpenes, betalains, organosulfides, indoles and protein inhibitors are important components in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts that have health promoting benefits and a variety of applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Initially only a few of these important phytochem...

l-glutamaic acid is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and an important intermediate in metabolism. In the present study, lactic acid bacteria (218) were isolated from six different fermented foods as potent sources of glutamic acid producers. The presumptive bacteria were tested for their ability to synthesize glutamic acid. Ou...

Catechins belong to the flavan-3-ol class of flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenolic compounds found in green tea (Camellia sinensis) that have been shown to bioactively affect the pathogenesis of several diseases. Catechins have drawn a lot of attention due to the variety of properties they possess. Among the most studied properties are inducti...

A mimicked biosynthetic pathway of catechin metabolite genes from C. sinensis , consisting of flavanone 3 hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LCR), was designed and arranged in two sets of constructs: (a) single promoter in front of F3H and ribosome-binding sequences both in front of DFR and LCR; (b...

Palm olein (PO), canola (CLO), soybean (SBO) and Moringa oleifera seed oils (MoO) were used to fry potato chips for 6 h a day for 5 days and extent of deterioration determined. FA ratios C 18:1/ C 18:2 + C 18:3 and amounts of C 18:1 + C 16:0 were compared to changes in total polar compounds. TPC in MoO (20.78%) and PO (21.23%) were significantly lo...

5'-Phosphodiesterase (5'-PDE) is an enzyme that hydrolyses RNA to form 5'-inosine monophosphate (5'-IMP) and 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP), which function as flavour enhancers. Selection of the best producer of 5'-PDE was made by determining the activity of the enzyme in six seeds that have been germinated, namely mung bean (Vigna radiate), s...

This chapter explores the effects of moringa seed oil on health and nutrition. Moringa oleifera Lam seeds contain a high proportion of oil that can launch the plant as a major source of plant oil for edible and non-edible purposes. Application of enzymes for oil extraction, though giving lower yields compared to solvent-assisted extraction, may all...

The main goal of the present work was to assess the mechanism of crystallisation, more precisely the dominant component responsible for primary crystal formations and fat agglomerations. Therefore, DSC results exhibited significant effect on temperature transition; peak sharpness and enthalpy at palm stearin (PS) levels more than 40 wt.%. HPLC data...

A modified steam distillation method was developed to extract furfural from crude palm oil (CPO). The collected distillates were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an ultraviolet diode detector at 284 nm. The HPLC method allowed identification and quantification of furfural in CPO. The unique thermal extractio...

Bacillus strain NS 8, a lipase-producing bacterium isolated from a Malaysian hot spring, is able to tolerate a broad range of temperature and pH, which makes it beneficial for this study. It generated PCR products with molecular weight of 1,532 bp, and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified it as Bacillus subtilis with accession number AB110598....

The volatile compounds of pork, other meats and meat products were studied using an electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometer with headspace analyzer (GCMS-HS) for halal verification. The zNose™ was successfully employed for identification and differentiation of pork and pork sausages from beef, mutton and chicken meats and sausages...

Extraction and isolation of high quality DNA suitable for downstream molecular techniques in plants with high polyphenolic contents are almost impossible due to inhibitors of polymerase chain reactions. In this study DNA from Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze leaf tissue was successfully extracted and isolated by optimization of extraction parameters....

The mature seed of Moringa oleifera is rich in oil containing between 22-40% crude fat. Variation in oil yield may be due to the differences in variety of plant, cultivation climate, ripening stage, the harvesting time of the seeds and the extraction method used. The high percentage of oil makes this seed a distinct potential for the oil industry....