Abdelhadi Benhmid

• Professor of Inorganic Chemistry
• University of Benghazi

In this study we used the deep eutectic solvents (ionic liquids) to investigate the reaction between copper (II) with ethylene diamine (en). Two of the existing methods for analyzing spectrophotometric measurements have been applied for establishing, the stoichiometry and whenever possible, the stability constants of the chelates formed. The method...

The gravimetric inspection of co-electrodeposited copper, with hard inert second phase ceramics SiC and 0.02 M [CuCl2.2H2O] in 1 ChCl: 2 EG, based liquid for different solution-phase loadings of 1-3 \(\mu\)m silicon carbide unpolished gold AT cut working electrode placed in’Vertical’ position, revealed that the EQCM method admits the first in-situ...

Here we investigate the electrolytic deposition of copper and copper nano composites in the absence and the presence of two types of surfactants: cationic which is sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the other type is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) from a solution of the metal chloride salt in ethylene glycol–choline chloride based eutectics...

The morphology and topology of nickel films in absence and presence of additives LiF, ethylene diamine(en) and acetyl acetonoate (acac)) from ethylene glycol / choline chloride (ethaline), based ionic liquid on copper substrate, have been examined by AFM technique. The surface analysis was carried out by software nanoscope using surface roughness,...

The gravimetric analysis of electrodeposited nickel is demonstrated using electrochemical quartz microbalance (EQCM) where the nickel coatings come from a solution of the metal chloride salt separately in either a1choline chloride: 2 ethylene glycol (ethaline) or 1 choline chloride: 2 urea (reline) based ionic liquid. The possibility of adapting th...

The gravimetric analysis of electrodeposited nickel is demonstrated using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) where the nickel coatings come from a solution of the metal chloride salt separately in either a1choline chloride: 2 ethylene glycol (ethaline) or 1 choline chloride: 2 urea (reline) based ionic liquid. The possibility of ada...

The surface texture of the deposited nickel films with and without brightener agent ethylene diamine and acac from urea/ choline chloride (reline), based ionic liquid on copper substrate, have been studied by AFM. The surface has been depicted by atomic force microscopy in relation to RMS in terms of roughness, power spectral density (PSD), section...

The impact of palladium precursors (e.g. chloride-PdCl 2 ; acetate-Pd(OAc) 2 ; nitrate-Pd(NO 3) 2) on the catalytic properties of Pd-Sb/TiO 2 catalysts used for acetoxylation of toluene has been investigated. The catalysts were characterized by different techniques such as N 2-adsorption (BET-surface area and pore volume), XRD, TEM, CO-Chemisorptio...

The impact of palladium precursors (e.g. chloride-PdCl 2 ; acetate-Pd(OAc) 2 ; nitrate-Pd(NO 3) 2) on the catalytic properties of Pd-Sb/TiO 2 catalysts used for acetoxylation of toluene has been investigated. The catalysts were characterized by different techniques such as N 2-adsorption (BET-surface area and pore volume), XRD, TEM, CO-Chemisorptio...

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) for a series of cationic surfactants NAlkyltrimethylammonium i.e. (CnTAC, n=12, 14, 16, 18) have been determined by electrical conductivity and surface tension methods. The interaction of anionic dye Eriochrome Black T (EBT) with cetyl-trimethylammonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) has been in...

A series of alumina and K ion modified supported thoria catalysts were prepared using thorium nitrate hexahydrate at different loading levels (3-20 wt% of thoria) by the impregnating method. The decomposition of 2-propanol on the surface of these catalysts was investigated. Pure -alu-mina catalyst shows low activity and higher selectivity towards...

A series of alumina and silica supported molybdenum oxide catalysts has been prepared using ammonium heptamolybdate over a wide range of loading levels (3-20 wt% of molybdenum oxide) by the wet impregnating method. For a better understanding of the catalytic behaviour of the catalysts, the catalysts were characterised using different techniques lik...

A series of alumina and K-ion modified supported thoria oxide catalysts were prepared using thorium nitrate hexahydrate, at different loading levels (3 – 20 wt% of thoria oxide) by the impregnating method. For a better understanding the catalytic behavior of the catalysts, the catalysts were characterized using different techniques such as N2 adsor...

Binding constant (K b) was calculated by means of Benesi-Hildebrand equation. Gibbs free energy (∆G ͦ) was calculated at room temperature. The binding constant and the Gibbs free energy results showed that the interaction between the oppositely charged dye and surfactant is very strong.

The addition of acac as brightener to a solution of type II 1: 2 ChCl/NiCl 2 .6H 2 O (TypeII) system firstly, the is changed from pale green to dark green solution unlike the addition of ethylenediamine purple colour. Furthermore the investigation shows that uterly dissimilar in voltammogram and the electrodeposition. It is clearly observed that sh...

Here we study for the first time the electrochemistry and electrolytic deposition of nickel from ionic liquid type II where the metal chloride salt mixed with choline chloride in ratio of 2: 1 respectively. We found that voltammogram is clearly different from type III and aqueous solutions. Also we investigate the deposition morphology and roughnes...

A new rapid, reliable and accurate method is suggested for determination of small amounts of vanadium based on its reduction with excess of thiourea in slightly acidic medium whereupon the yellow vanadium (V) is determined. The unreacted thiourea is determined with Hg (II) potentiometrically in presence of Ag / amalgam as indicator electrode couple...

Supported Pd–Sb acetoxylation catalysts with different Pd and Sb amounts as well as varying supports were prepared by impregnation technique. The contents of Pd and Sb are varied over a wide range, for instance Pd is varied from 0.5 to 20wt% by keeping Sb content at 8wt%. In a similar way, Sb content is varied from 4 to 20wt% by keeping Pd loading...

TiO2 (anatase) supported Pd-Sb catalysts with varying Sb contents were prepared, characterized, and evaluated their performance for gas phase acetoxylation of toluene to benzyl acetate (BA). The conversion of toluene increased from 30% to 68.5% with increase in Sb content ≤ 8 wt % and then decreased to 54 % with further increase in Sb loading to 20...

The influence of support on the catalytic performance of PdSb catalysts for the gas-phase acetoxylation of toluene was investigated using various support materials with different acid strengths and surface areas. The supports used were TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, and γ-Al2O3. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption (BET-SA and pore size distributio...

Gas-phase acetoxylation is a green technology for the direct synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic acetates in a single step from their corresponding alkyl aromatics and heteroaromatics. Moreover, aromatic as well as heteroaromatic alcohols are easily accessible by subsequent hydrolysis. We observed in an earlier study that the addition of Sb to...

Pd-Sh/TlO, catalysis (in presence and absence ofBi) over a wide range of Pd contents from 0.5 to 20 wt% were prepared from chloride precursors and applied firstly for the vapour phase acetoxylation of toluene to benzyl acetate. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a considerable growth in the size of Pd particles in the used catalysts compared...

Pd-Sb/TiO2 catalysts (in presence and absence of Bi) over a wide range of Pd contents from 0.5 to 20 wt% were prepared from chloride precursors and applied firstly for the vapour phase acetoxylation of toluene to benzyl acetate. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a considerable growth in the size of Pd particles in the used catalysts compare...

TiO2 supported Pd-Sb catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and tested for the selective vapour phase acetoxylation of toluene to benzyl acetate (BA). Investigations were carried out to optimise reaction variables such as effects of reaction temperature, acetic acid/toluene mole ratio, O2/toluene mole ratio, contact time, etc. to obtain bet...

Durch die Zugabe von Bismut kann die Desaktivierung von PdSb-Katalysatoren in der Acetoxylierung von Toluol vermieden werden. Der Bi-Zusatz verhindert die Bildung eines inaktiven Pdδ−-Zustands (siehe Photoelektronenspektrum) und das Verstopfen der aktiven Pd-Zentren durch Kohlenstoffspezies aus Koksablagerungen. Der modifizierte Katalysator ergibt...

(Graph Presented) Addition of Bi prevents deactivation of Pd-Sb catalysts in the acetoxylation of toluene. The presence of Bi hinders the formation of an inactive Pdδ- state and the blockage of the active Pd sites by carbon species from coke deposits (see the photoelectron spectrum). The modified catalyst displays extremely high selectivity for ben...

A series of Pd–Sb–TiO2 (anatase) catalysts has been prepared over a wide range of Pd loadings from 0.5 to 20 wt% and tested for the selective vapour-phase acetoxylation of toluene to benzyl acetate at a reaction temperature of 210 °C and a pressure of 2 bar. The catalysts were characterised by nitrogen adsorption, XRD, XPS, and TEM. The BET surface...

A first approach to successful prevention of catalyst deactivation while simultaneously achieving extremely high selectivity of benzyl acetate (> or = 95%) at significantly high toluene conversion (> 70%) by gas phase acetoxylation over novel Pd-Sb-Bi/TiO2 catalysts.

Extremely high benzyl acetate selectivity (ca. 94%) at a toluene conversion of ca. 60% was achieved over Pd-Cu-TiO2 catalyst for the first time by gas phase acetoxylation of toluene with good long-term stability.

Significantly high benzyl acetate selectivity of 85% at a toluene conversion of ca. 93% was achieved for the first time in a single step by gas phase acetoxylation over highly active and selective Pd-Sb-TiO2 catalysts.