Abd. Kakhar Umar

• Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
• Lecturer at Padjadjaran University

Background: Hypertonic and hypotonic conditions in pharmaceutical preparations decrease the drug's absorption and bioavailability. In addition, it can cause tissue damage. There are several calculation methods to regulate hypotonic preparations. However, there are no methods that can be used to regulate hypertonic preparations without causing dose...

Film-forming sprays offer many advantages compared to conventional topical preparations because they can provide uniform drug distribution and dose, increased bioavailability, lower incidence of irritation, continuous drug release, and accelerated wound healing through moisture control. Film-forming sprays consist of polymers and excipients that im...

Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has been known to have excellent wound-healing activity. However, direct application to the wound area can lead to low hEGF bioavailability due to protease enzymes or endocytosis. The use of liposomes as coatings and carriers can protect hEGF from degradation by enzymes, chemical reactions, and immune reactions....

Stem cells’ secretome contains biomolecules that are ready to give therapeutic activities. However, the biomolecules should not be administered directly because of their in vivo instability. They can be degraded by enzymes or seep into other tissues. There have been some advancements in localized and stabilized secretome delivery systems, which hav...

Molecular modeling and simulations are essential tools in polymer science and engineering, enabling researchers to predict and understand the properties of macromolecules, including their structure, dynamics, thermodynamics, and overall material characteristics. However, one of the key challenges in polymer simulation and modeling lies in the initi...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a popular surface modifier in targeted cancer delivery due to its receptor-binding abilities. However, HA alone faces limitations in lipid solubility, biocompatibility, and cell internalization, making it less effective as a standalone delivery system. This comprehensive study aimed to explore a dynamic landscape of complexa...

Telepharmacy is an innovative approach that utilizes telecommunication and technology to provide remote pharmacy services. It addresses the growing need for increased accessibility, convenience, and cost-effectiveness in healthcare. This chapter provides information about telepharmacy services, including medication therapy, chronic disease manageme...

In-silico techniques offer a fast, accurate, reliable, and economical approach to studying the molecular interactions between compounds and proteins. In this study, our main aim is to use in-silico techniques as a rational approach for the prediction of the molecular drug targets for luteolin against Plasmodium falciparum. Multi-target molecular do...

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) (Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, leprosy, Buruli ulcer, trypanosomiasis, cysticercosis, fascioliasis, dracunculiasis, mycetoma, schistosomiasis, trachoma, and onchocerciasis) burden the low-income or poverty-embedded populations of the tropical region. Many drugs are currently being used to treat parasitic d...

The β-lactamase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to degrade β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems. With the discovery of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase in a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa, the bacterium has become multi-drug resistant. In this study, we aim to identify new β-lactamase inhibito...

Ellagic acid (EA) is an antiplasmodial polyphenol with reported in-vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Studies have reported that EA acts in the late erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum (Pf) when DNA synthesis is taking place. Pf dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) is an important enzyme for DNA synthesis as its inhi...

Background Neuroinflammation is a key pathological feature of a wide variety of neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s disease. While current treatments for these disorders are primarily symptomatic, there is a growing interest in developing new therapeutics that target the underlying neuroi...

The aqueous extract of the shoot tips of Acacia pennata showed a high enzyme inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. However, the enzyme inhibiting phytocompound is not known. Identification of the antidiabetic phytocompound will be beneficial in designing drugs with higher efficacy to treat diabetes mellitus. We attempted to identify the compou...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic infecting the respiratory system through a notorious virus known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to viral mutations and the risk of drug resistance, it is crucial to identify new molecules having potential prophylactic or therapeutic effect against SAR...

Knipholone is an antiplasmodial phytocompound obtained from the roots of Kniphofia foliosa. Despite several available studies, the molecular drug targets of knipholone in P. falciparum remained unknown. Nowadays, in silico techniques are widely used to study the molecular interactions between compounds and proteins as they provide results quickly w...

Identification of lead compounds with the traditional laboratory approach is expensive and time-consuming. Nowadays, in silico techniques have emerged as a promising approach for lead identification. In this study, we aim to develop robust and predictive 2D-QSAR models to identify lead flavonoids by predicting the IC50 against Plasmodium falciparum...

In silico techniques reduce the need for rigorous animal experimentations. It is time-efficient, eco-friendly, sustainable, and also adheres to the principle of green chemistry. In silico techniques such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics, binding free energy calculations, quantitative structure-activity relationship, network pharmacology, de...

Phytoantioxidants refer to chemicals of plant origin such as flavonoids (flavones, flavonones, flavonols, flavononol, isoflavones, and flavan‐3‐ols) and other polyphenols (phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, and tannins). Phytoantioxidants have been reported to act against parasitic diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, leishmaniasis, Zika virus,...

Diabetes-related wounds have physiological factors that make healing more complicated. High sugar levels can increase microbial infection risk while limiting nutrition and oxygen transfer to the wound area. The secretome of mesenchymal stem cells has been widely known for its efficacy in regenerative therapy. However, applying the secretome directl...

Mangosteen fruit has been widely consumed and used as a source of antioxidants, either in the form of fresh fruit or processed products. However, mangosteen peel only becomes industrial waste due to its bitter taste, low content solubility, and poor stability. Therefore, this study aimed to design mangosteen peel extract microcapsules (MPEMs) and t...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected billions and has killed millions to date. Studies are being carried out to find therapeutic molecules that can potentially inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2. 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL pro) involved in the polyprotein cleavage process is believed to be the key targ...

The present study was aimed to develop silybin phytosome (SIBP) and evaluate its effectiveness against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury in rats. Initially, SIBP was prepared and characterized with Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Drug loading and entrapment effic...

Liposomes have been used extensively as micro- and nanocarriers for hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules. However, conventional liposomes are biodegradable and quickly eliminated, making it difficult to be used for delivery in specific routes, such as the oral and systemic routes. One way to overcome this problem is through complexation with polyme...

Buah Merah, a typical fruit from Papua, Indonesia which is used empirically in cancer therapy is rich in carotenoids and flavonoids. However, the mechanisms by which Buah Merah ameliorates cancer remained unknown. Natural antioxidant enzymes and pro-oxidant enzymes modulation significantly suppressed ROS production and cancer growth. Therefore,...

Quercetin derivatives are known to have significant anticancer activity. The activity is strongly influenced by the type and position of the substituent group. By studying the structural pattern of quercetin and its impact on their binding affinity, the development of quercetin-based drugs can be optimized. The study aimed to determine the impact o...

Background COVID19 is a global pandemic that threatens all nations. As there is no effective antiviral drug for COVID19, we examined the potency of natural ingredients against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID 6YNQ). Buah merah is a typical fruit from Papua, Indonesia, which is known to contain high levels of carotenoids and flavonoids. The cont...

Indonesia is a maritime country with abundant seawater mineral content. One of the regions with the highest salt production is Pamekasan Madura. Minerals are known to have many roles and benefits for our bodies, such as regulating fluid balance and metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the physicochemical and microbial properties...

A Seawater contains many types of minerals that can be used in the medical sector as raw materials for medicines and supplements. In Indonesia, one of the biggest mineral salt-producing areas is Pamekasan Madura with a recent record income of 2,768,809.95 tons. With the many mineral resources available and the potential development of medicinal raw...

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases with the increase of cases prevalence >5% every year. Multidrug resistance mechanisms and non-localized therapy become primary problems of chemotherapy drugs for curing colorectal cancer disease. Therefore, the enteric-coated nanoparticle system has been studied and proved to be able to re...

Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and autologous serum are considered safer and more effective in treating dry eye syndrome. However, suitable formulas and preparation methods are needed to obtain eye drop containing autologous serum and hEGF, which are stable during storage and use. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a stable and effective...

Context Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has biological activities and can be used in medicines and cosmetics. A high level of effectiveness of hEGF can be obtained when three disulfide bonds fold perfectly. Extracellular secretion from E. coli BL21 using the PelB signal peptide is a new way to obtain hEGF with a structure that folds appropriat...

Kata kunci: anti-asma; in silico; kipas laut (G. marie); sterol. ABSTRAK. Kipas laut (Gorgonia mariae) telah digunakan masyarakat Maluku secara turun-temurun sebagai obat asma. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang paling dominan dalam kipas laut adalah sterol, dimana memiliki aktivitas terapi melalui efek sinergisme antara senyawa metabolit dengan pol...

The administration of human Epidermal Growth Factor (hEGF) for diabetic ulcer treatment has been known to have high effectiveness because hEGF has mitogenic properties and has been proved to increase epithelial cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. However, hEGF in environmental conditions of diabetic ulcers is known to have low stability,...

In designing the preparation of the drug, appropriate excipients are required in the formulation. A mixture of incompatible additives will result in poor quality of preparations. The purpose of this research is to design software algorithms capable of analyzing excipient incompatibility based on incompatibility data in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Ex...