Abayomi Okanlawon

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Full) at University of Lagos

Bromelain, an enzyme extracted from the stem of the pineapple plant, has been reported to reduce pain and swelling in acute soft tissue injuries, but no study has been done to compare its effect with that of fresh pineapple juice on the healing of acute tendon injuries. This study compared the effects of commercial bromelain and fresh pineapple jui...

Bromelain, an enzyme extracted from the stem of the pineapple plant has been proposed as a treatment for reducing pain and swelling following acute muscle injuries but studies are yet to be done on its effect on tendon healing. This study therefore investigated the effects of bromelain on tenocyte proliferation and the tendon malondialdehyde (MDA)...

(LITR and HITR, respectively) given once daily and twice daily on the morphology and oxidative stress in healing tendon tissue following an acute injury. Methods: Eighty-five male rats, randomized into six groups were further subdivided into groups A, B, and C, except for Group 1 which was subdivided into A and B only. Groups 2–6 underwent an in...

Background Female reproductive functions are susceptible to various disruptive agents including environmental factors and therapeutic agents. Such disruptions often include irregularity of menstrual/estrous cycle and anovulation. Many of the disruptive agents’ mechanism of action is the production of free radicals and it is thus proposed that agent...

Background: Quinine has been reported to possess anti-spermatogenic activities. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the effect of quinine on ovarian function in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Twenty rats with regular 4-days oestrous cycle divided into 4 groups (N=5) were used. Group I received quinine at 30 mg/kg body weight by...

X-ray pelvimetry is a radiological investigation that involves the measurement of different anthropometric dimensions of the pelvis. The pelvic inlet and outlet play important role in labour outcome. The query as to whether x-ray pelvimetry has a useful predictive value regarding labour outcome prompted this study. To determine whether the use of X...

Carica papaya bark has contraceptive benefits when given at a high dose in male rats the mechanism at which it achieves this is yet to be fully understood. Forty male Wistar rats were used for the study. They were randomized into 8 groups Ia, IIa, IIIa, Ib, IIb, IIIb, IV and V respectively (n=5). Groups Ia-IIIa and Ib-IIIb were treated for 4 and 8...

Carica Papaya (CP) plant (paw paw) is largely used for its curative benefit and now being exploited as an anti-fertility agent. The testicular histomorphometric correlation visa versa function is yet to be fully understood. This study aimed at quantifying the effects of aqueous extract of the bark of CP on the testes of adult Sprague–Dawley (S-D) r...

Introduction: In this study, we reviewed the effects of contraceptive doses of Carica papaya (CP) bark extract on the accessory reproductive organs and peripheral testosterone of rats. Methodology: Sixty mature 6 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats randomized into 3 main groups; each further subdivided into 2 groups A and B; 10 rats/subgroup. Group...

Background: There is yet a dearth of literature on the antifertility effect of Momordica charantia on the male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of graded oral doses of methanolic seed extract of Momordica charantia on the histology of prostate gland and seminiferous tubules of rats. Methods: Forty male Sprague...

Testicular torsion is a disorder involving the scrotum that results in a compromise of its blood supply. The aim was to investigate the effect of Pausinystallia macroceras (PM) on testicular histology following torsion-detortion at different time intervals ranging from 1 to 4 hours 65 mature male Wister rats allotted randomly into seven groups (A t...

The development of a new male oral contraceptive of herbal origin has moved at a slow agonizing pace. Despite years of research, there is yet no widely acceptable modern contraceptive drug that currently exists for men, whose most effective choices are limited to condoms or vasectomy. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the oral contr...

Vasectomy is usually offered as irreversible male contraception. The procedure which induces testicular oxidative stress leads to increased membrane peroxidation and alterations in testicular structure may impair reproduction even if vas deferens patency is re-established. The objective of the study is to investigate the alterations in the testicul...

Testicular torsion is a disorder involving the scrotum that results in a compromise of its blood supply. The aim was to investigate the effect of Pausinystallia macroceras (PM) on testicular histology following torsion-detortion at different time intervals ranging from 1 to 4 hours 65 mature male Wister rats allotted randomly into seven groups (A t...

Introduction: We have examined the virtues of Carica papaya (paw-paw) bark extract as an antifertilty agent in male rats. The corresponding consequence of the extract on blood factors in laboratory animals is yet to be studied. Aim: To investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Carica papaya (CP) bark on hematological parameters in male Wister ra...

Ubiquitous consumption of Momordica charantia is hinged on credence of its potency in alleviating ailments. Almost no data exist on its quantitative relationship to the testes. The aim was to study the histomorphometric effect of Momordica charantia seed extract (MC), ascorbic acid (C), alpha-tocopherol (E) and testosterone (T) on the testes of rat...

Introduction: Momordica charantia has been investigated for its effect on various organs and its numerous indications have been cited in literature. There are, however, scanty publications on its effect on the male reproductive system. Objective: To evaluate the effects of methanolic seed extract of M. charantia (MC) on the sperm production (sperm...

Bromelain, an enzyme extracted from the stem of the pineapple plant, has been reported to reduce pain and swelling in acute soft tissue injuries, but no study has been done to compare its effect with that of fresh pineapple juice on the healing of acute tendon injuries. This study compared the effects of commercial bromelain and fresh pineapple jui...

Objective To investigate the possible ameliorating effect of Tahitian Noni dietary supplement on caffeine-induced testicular histopathological alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats.DesignThis is an experimental animal study.Methods Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing between 105 and 200 g were acclimatized and grouped into six of five...

Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) is a plant known widely particularly in the Indo-Malayan region for its uses in various ailments as reported in literature. However, little is known for its effect on the female reproductive system. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of methanolic seed extract of Momordica ch...

Momordica charantia plant is quite common in Africa and Asia, known in folkloric medicine to affect adversely the reproductive system by mechanism yet to be fully understood. The aim is to determine the effects of M. charantia with and without testosterone administration; on hormonal levels and sperm production (number and motility) in rats. Thirty...

Objective: To assess the protective role of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) root on beta cells against alloxan challenged diabetic rabbits. Methods: Rabbits of both sexes randomly divided into 6 groups (8 per group), received oral treatment as follows: Groups A and B received Tween 80 (2%) solution orally; group C, 10 mg.kg -1 of glibenclamide; groups...

Introduction: The male contraceptive effect of the methanolic seed extract of Momordica charantia (MC) has been studied but the parallel microscopic testicular response is yet to be described. Methodology: A total of 100, 6-8 weeks' old male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats were used in this study. They were distributed into three groups A to C. Group A:...

Ubiquitous consumption of Momordica charantia is hinged on credence of its potency in alleviating ailments. Almost no data exist on its quantitative relationship to the testes. The aim was to study the histomorphometric effect of Momordica charantia seed extract (MC), ascorbic acid (C), alpha-tocopherol (E) and testosterone (T) on the testes of rat...

Bromelain, an enzyme extracted from the stem of the pineapple plant has been proposed as a treatment for reducing pain and swelling following acute muscle injuries but studies are yet to be done on its effect on tendon healing. This study therefore investigated the effects of bromelain on tenocyte proliferation and the tendon malondialdehyde (MDA)...

Antineoplastic drugs used in the treatment of testicular carcinoma have been reported to have deleterious effects on the fertility potentials in affected males. The mechanism of damage involves the generation of free radicals.We evaluated the effect of using an antioxidant ascorbic acid as an adjuvant treatment with Bicalutamide on the androgen sen...

A steady weight increase disproportionate to height is by far the most prevalent type of body weight imbalance (overweight and obesity) in apparently healthy individuals of growing age. Many subsisting weight-reduction regimes or formulations are ineffective. Therefore, an effective and affordable weight-reduction product will add to the options av...

The Pineapple plant contains the enzyme bromelain which has been acclaimed to reduce pain and swellings following acute muscle injuries as well as carotenoids and polyphenols which are powerful antioxidants. It is yet to be determined if these constituents are distributed throughout the plant and what effect they have on the healing of acute tendon...

Patients undergoing intrasound therapy are often concurrently on NSAIDs. The effect of varied intensities of intrasound therapy with NSAIDs on tendon healing is yet to be determined. The study investigated the effects of a concurrent admistration of low and high intensity intrasound therapy (LIRT&HIRT) with indomethacin (Indocid) on the morphology...

Objective This study investigated the effects of low- and high-intensity intrasound therapy (LITR and HITR, respectively) given once daily and twice daily on the morphology and oxidative stress in healing tendon tissue following an acute injury. Methods Eighty-five male rats, randomized into six groups were further subdivided into groups A, B, and...

Objective: To investigate the short-term effects of Kigelia africana fruit extract (KAFE) on cisplatin-induced testicular histo-morphometric changes in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Design: This is an experimental animal study. Materials and methods: Fifty-seven male SD rats were acclamatized and grouped into 10 of five rats per group. Each rat was adm...

Males generally have few options for controlling their fertility and these options are far from being satisfactory. There is a great need for research to develop more contraceptive modalities for males. The overall aim of this research was to determine the histological responses of the testes of Sprague-Dawley rats to aqueous extract of bark of Car...

Testicular germ cells as well as epididymal maturing spermatozoa are endowed with enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenger systems to protect lipid peroxidation damage. A number of pathologies and systemic challenges can lead to an antioxidant/pro-oxidant disequilibrium. With increasing interest in herbal therapies for management of some fertility-rel...

The protective effect of methanol extract of Kigelia africana fruit extract (KAFE) against cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in male rats was studied. Over 28 days, cisplatin-treated rats suffered significant loss in body weight (p<0.05), elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p<0.001) and serum creatinine (Scr) (p<0.001) levels as well as tubular...

This study investigated the role of the aqueous extract of different parts of the pineapple plant given once daily on the healing tendon. The result suggested that the extract from the flesh and bark resulted in Tenoblasts proliferation while the extract from the core and leaves reduced proliferation. The flesh extract significantly reduced the MDA...

The study investigated the effects of a concurrent administration of low and high intensity intrasound therapy (LIRT&HIRT) with indomethacin (Indocid) on the morphology of the tendon in the early stage of healing. High intensity intrasound given concurrently with oral indomethacin resulted in tenoblast proliferation and promoted healing in the inju...

To determine the effect of lime juice on the estrous cycle and ovulation of cyclic female rats. Twenty-five adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The study was divided into 2 experiments (I and II). In experiment I, 15 rats were randomly subclassified into 3 groups (Ia, Ib, and Ic) of 5 rats each. The estrous cycles of the rats were studied f...

To investigate the effect of the methanolic extract of seeds of Abrus precatorius on the estrous cycle, ovulation, and implantation of fetuses in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cyclic female rats were randomly classified into 4 groups (A through D). Treated rats in group A had daily vaginal smears for a total of 64 consecutive days while being fed A precator...

AIM: This study was designed to assess the effects of Tahitian Noni on the heart of Caffeine-treated rats.METHODS: Thirty adult Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing between 105-200 g were used. They were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 was the control. Group 2 received 200mg/kg of caffeine for 8 weeks, group 3 received 200mg/kg of caffeine f...

Caffeine is one of the world's most consumed beverages, and has been implicated as contributing to a wide variety of illnesses including infertility. Our aim is to investigate the effect of Tahitian Noni dietary supplement on the hormonal profile and seminal parameters of Sprague-Dawley rats following testicular toxicities induced by caffeine. Thir...

Objective: To investigate the effect of the methanolic extract of seeds of Abrus precatorius on the estrous cycle, ovulation, and implantation of fetuses in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Cyclic female rats were randomly classified into 4 groups (A through D). Treated rats in group A had daily vaginal smears for a total of 64 consecutive days while...

The anti-hyperglycaemic effect of the aqueous root extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) Pierre (Menispermaceae) was evaluated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The levels of glucose were determined at different doses and times following treatment with the extract. The oral single dose administration of the extract in OGTT study led...

Background: Problem Based leammg (PBL) is increasingly becoming popular worldwide. The Department ofAnatomy at the College of Medicine University of Lagos recently introduced the problem based learning approach as the style of teaching physiotherapy students in their basic medical science year. Objective: This survey investigated the students' view...

Erb's Duchenne paralysis constitutes the single commonest form of brachial plexus injury. Treatment intervention is mainly by physical therapy and surgery. Popular or conventional physiotherapy approaches include exercise therapy, tactile stimulation, soft tissue manipulation techniques and functional splinting. The role of electrical stimulation h...

Objective: To evaluate the androgenic properties of Kigelia africana fruit extract (KAFE) in male Sprague-Dawley rats Materials and methods: Intervention was administered orally as 100 and 500mg/kg doses of KAFE over a 28 and 56 day period. Serum and testicular tissues were analysed for light microscopy and assayed for hormones and enzymes. Results...

We investigated the effects of short term administration of the aqueous extract of Carica Papaya (Linn.) seeds on ovulation and the estrous cycle of adult cyclic Sprague-Dawley rats. Three oral doses of the extract (50mg/kg; 100mg/kg and 800mg/kg body weight) were administered once a day in two independent experiments designated GI and GII. Vaginal...

Objective: To evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic and hypoglyaemic effect of ethanol root extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) Pierre (Menispermaceae) in alloxan diabetic rabbits. Materials and methods: Alloxan diabetic rabbits (n = 5) were administered graded doses (50, 100 and 200 mg.kg-1) of the extract or glibenclamide (10 mg.kg-1) or vehicle (...

The search for a relatively cheap, widely available, widely accepted and effective contraceptive of plant origin; that is equally non-invasive in administration, non-hormonal in action, non-toxic and that is relatively long-acting, generated our interest in this study (in order to meet the increasing need for population control). The aim of this st...

Driven by a desire to improve basic medical science education, the department of Anatomy in the College of Medicine University of Lagos introduced the Problem Based Learning (PBL) programme into the Anatomy component of first year Basic medical science training of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos. We conducted a students' assessment of...

A study of high school students attending a missionary school and a public school in Lagos was carried out to determine their knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS and to compare their sexual behaviour. Self administered questionnaires, were used for the respondents, selected by multistage sampling and a response rate of 98% was obtained. The avera...

Brief periods of ischaemia followed by reperfusion protect tissues like the brain and heart from subsequent ischaemic episodes. Similar effects in the testis has not been adequately studied despite the fact that the testis is subject to ischaemia-reperfusion phenomena of clinical importance during testicular torsion. The present study was designed...

The use of additional medicines by patients with chronic medical illness like diabetes mellitus is on the increase. We investigated the effect of fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia on blood glucose of diabetic rats alone or when combined with insulin. Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats with body weights 140-210 g were used for the experiments. Th...

Unilateral testicular torsion is a cause of bilateral testicular damage, which has ischaemic and reperfusion components. The damage may involve lipid peroxidation leading to production of lipid peroxides in the testes, including malondialdehyde (MDA). To investigate the MDA variations in the ipsilateral and contralateral testes following ischaemia-...

We have previously demonstrated that quinine is a testicular toxicant in Sprague-Dawley rat. To describe the changes in the testicular levels of testosterone and lipid peroxidation secondary to quinine and ascorbic acid administration in rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats per group were assigned to one of three treatment groups: 0 mg quinine and...

Background: In the Sprague-Dawley rat, bilateral blindness and pinealectomy may affect testicular physiology. Though ethanol is a well known testicular toxicant causing part of its damage through increased lipid Peroxidation, it is not known how the testis in blind or pinealectomized rats will respond to alcohol exposure. Objective: An experiment...

Dermal ridges express patterns of asymmetry and polarization across the fingers that can characterize human populations. They are also known somatic markers of teratogenic insults. This study documents the asymmetry and pattern polarization of dermal ridges among the Ogoni people of Nigeria. Ink prints of the fingers were obtained from 406 apparent...

Treculia africana (TA) has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent by the Yoruba people of West Africa. The plant is also known to be a component of an ancient anti-diabetic remedy used in the Western and Middle belt areas of Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus has been associated with testicular dysfunction. This study was conducted to investigate the anti...

ii (along the proximal transverse crease) position. The mode of the frequency distribution of digital triradii of normals was 13 while they were 11, 14 and 15 for sickle-cell group. The means were 11.89 and 12.32 respectively. No Simean crease was found in both groups; however, 2.2% of the 90 sickle-cell cases had Sidney creases. The above-mentione...

The effects of combined administration of ethinylestradiol (E) and testosterone (T) were studied in castrated Sprague-Dawley rats. The hormones E and T were administered three times weekly on alternate days, subcutaneously in the inguinal region for 4 weeks, 30 days after castration. E- treated animals received injections of 3 �g/kg body weight (B....

We have earlier demonstrated that quinine (QU) is a testicular toxicant. This present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of QU on both the serum and testicular levels of testosterone (TT) in an attempt to elucidate one of the potential mechanisms of QU-induced testicular toxicity. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200g were...

This study investigated the effects of 3 different traction weights on neck pain and range of motion/mobility. Ninety subjects, 42 men and 48 women, with neck pain due to cervical spondylosis participated in the study. They were assigned into three groups, each of which was subjected to a different cervical traction(CT) weight namely: group A = 7.5...

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various forms of cottonseed oil (whole Cottonseed, “Refined” industrially extracted Cottonseed oil and “Crude” locally extracted Cottonseed oil) on the Estrous cycle and Ovulation, and Histoarchitecture of female reproductive organs. Regular 4-day adult cyclic female Sprague-Dawley rats were di...

The action of alcoholic extract of Garcinia kola (G. kola) seed as an antioxidant was investigated in alcohol induced testicular oxidative stress. 40 adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100 - 150g were used for the study. These were divided into a control and 7 experimental groups of 6 rats each. These were fed one of alcohol, G. kola or alcohol and...

There is currently no consensus among the clinicians regarding the tractive force to be employed during cervical traction (CT) that will correlate precisely with the percentage body weight of the patient and reduce the side effects associated with CT therapy. This study therefore aimed to investigate the response of cervical spondylosis (CS) patien...

Ethanol liver disease is a major health problem worldwide. One aspect of ethanol toxicity that has received increasing attention in recent years is the role of free radical species in the etiology of liver injury. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants that scavenge for free radicals. The effect of 200mg Vitamin C + 200mg Vitamin E as food supplement ad...

The aim of this study is to determine by plain radiography if there is a relationship between lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) and low back pain (LBP) The correlation or relationship between LSTV and LBP has been highly controversial. Widely varying and contrasting findings have been reported by various investigators. While some studies ha...

Ethanol liver disease is a major health problem worldwide. One aspect of ethanol toxicity that has received increasing attention in recent years is the role of free radical species in the etiology of liver injury. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants that scavenge for free radicals. The effect of 200mg Vitamin C + 200mg Vitamin E as food supplement ad...

Quinine (QU), an alkaloid derived from the cinchona bark is presently the mainstay of treatment for severe malaria and nocturnal leg cramps. We have recently demonstrated that QU is toxic to testicular gonocytes and interstitial endocrinocytes. This present study sought to determine whether co-administration of ascorbic acid (AA) with QU will modif...

Quinine (QU) has been used worldwide in the suppression and treatment of malaria for more than 350 years. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term morphological response of the testis to long-term administration of QU using stereological parameters. 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200g were used. The animals were randomly...

The effects of Garcinia kola (G. kola) seed extract on oestrous cycle, ovulation and foetal development were studied in adult female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. Cyclic female rats weighing 150 to 200 g were divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group 1 was fed with 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract on proestrous. Group 2 rec...

In many parts of the world quinine (QU) remains the main therapeutic drug for severe and complicated plasmodium falciparum malaria and is now widely used in the treatment of nocturnal cramps. Our aim was to investigate whether concomitant administration of testosterone with QU is able to prevent the toxic effects of the latter on the testis. 30 adu...

Indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is often prescribed by doctors for the relief of a variety of symptoms. It is more powerful than its aspirin relative andhas analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic properties. This drug is also the current choice for treating acute gout, severe rheumatoid arthritis, osteroarthriti...

Quinine (QU) is a quinoline-methanol antiprotozoan drug derived from the cinchona bark and has been used in malaria treatment since the 1600's. Though other antmalaria drugs have superseded QU, however, as a result of the development of resistance to chloroquine and other anti-malaria drugs, QU has again become an important anti-malaria agent. The...

The leaves of Vernonial amygdalina (VA) are used as an antidiabetic agent in Nigeria folk medicine. To determine whether or not there is a scientific basis for this use, the effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves on blood glucose level was assessed in normoglycaemic, and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The materials and methods shaows that 40 a...

Quinine (QU) is the principal alkaloid derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree and has been used worldwide in the suppression and treatment of malaria for more than 350 years. Though other anti-malaria drugs have superseded QU, however, as a result of the development of resistance to chloro-quine and other drugs, QU has again become an important...

Postoperative adhesions occur after virtually all abdomino-pelvic surgery and are the leading cause of intestinal obstruction and other gynaecologic problems. We used an animal model to test the efficacy of combined administration of aspirin and hyaluronidase on adhesion formation. Adhesions were induced using standardized primary adhesiogenic trau...

An experiment was designed to test whether extracts from Kigelia africana have beneficial effect on male fertility following exposure to Carica papaya, a known testicular toxin. Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 185–220g were used for the study. The dose of Kigelia africana and Carica papaya extracts used for all treated animals w...

BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that quinine (QU), which is presently the mainstay of treatment for severe P.falciparum malaria and nocturnal lag cramps, is deleterious to the testis of rat. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate, using sterological technique whether testosterone (TT) is capable of reversing the toxic...

Background and objective: Quinine (QU) is a quinoline-methanol and is presently one of the choice modes of treatment for severe and complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We have previously demonstrated that QU is a testicular toxicant in the rat. The aim of present study was to determine changes in the testicular levels of malonyldialdehyde (M...

Background: Demyelination and axonal loss, a feature of many neurological disorders can result from damage to nerves or myelin due to local injury, ischaemia, toxic agents, or metabolic disorders. Researchers are presently testing new techniques to enhance nerve regeneration. Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the beneficial effects of c...

Background and objective: Quinine (QU) is a quinoline-methanol and is presently one of the choice modes of treatment for severe and complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We have previously demonstrated that QU is a testicular toxicant in the rat. The aim of present study was to determine changes in the testicular levels of malonyldialdehyde (M...

Cyclo-oxygenase mediated prostaglandins are important determinants of glomerular development and kidney function. Ibuprofen inhibit the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase and thereby block the prostaglandin synthesis in the kidneys. Cyclo-oxygenase exist in two iso-forms (COX-1 and COX-2). It has ben proposed that Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)...

Prenatal alcohol is associated with a variety of developmental abnormalies, including neuroanatomical, physical and behavioural features. This study was designed to determine the effects of administration of alcohol, exemplified mostly by ethanol (15 ml/kg, 25%, v/v) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 15 mg/kg) as a representative of nonsteroidal anti-...

The contraceptive potential of an aqueous crude extract of the bark of Carica papaya administered orally is reported at the dose regime of 5 and 10 ml/animal/day for 4 weeks. Although the body weight or the weights of reproductive organs, kidneys, adrenals remained unaltered during the course of treatment, there was significant alteration in the hi...

Aim/Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the rhythm of blood glucose levels within a 24-hour period in rats kept under standard photoperiodic conditions of 12 hours of light alternating with 12 hours of darkness in the Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos. Subjects/Materials/Method: 30 adult m...