Aaron Biesbrock

• DMD, PhD, MS
• Researcher at Procter & Gamble

Various ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, a high-throughput bacterial transcriptom...

Objective To determine whether outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) can infect gingival keratinocytes and stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and to assess whether stannous fluoride (SnF2), stannous chloride (SnCl2) or 0.454% SnF2 toothpaste diluents can inhibit OMV infe...

Objective To evaluate the exposure frequency effect of 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ) toothpaste in controlling gingivitis. Methods Two randomized controlled trials enrolled generally healthy adults with gingivitis. The study duration was 1 mo (study 1) and 3 mo (study 2). Gingivitis was assessed using the Löe-Silness Gingival Index (LSGI) at b...

Objective Stannous has been shown to bind to free lipopolysaccharides, thus preventing them from binding to TLR receptors. This study was undertaken to determine the histomorphological mechanism of stannous binding to anaerobic bacteria. Methods Two bacteria associated with gingivitis and advanced periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P....

Introduction Results from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show generally consistent antigingivitis effects between 3- and 6-mo observation time points with twice-daily use of stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ) dentifrice. However, the relationship between 1-, 3-, and 6-mo gingivitis responses has not been investigated. Methods This pooled analysis wa...

Purpose: To evaluate the antiplaque effects for 0.454% bioavailable gluconate chelated stannous fluoride (SnF₂) dentifrices versus controls by clinical model, plaque index, tooth surface and tooth type in a pooled analysis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to evaluate plaque effects of SnF₂ dentifrices from the same fo...

Purpose: The oral cavity is an important entry point for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study tested whether four commercially available mouthrinses and dentifrices have in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 (=4 log10 reduction in viral titer). Materials and methods: One part of stock SARS-CoV-2 virus plus one part 0.3 g/l bovine serum albu...

Background: Periodontal disease continues to be prevalent globally, but little clinical research has been undertaken to evaluate the long-term benefits of a daily oral hygiene regimen on progression of gingivitis/early periodontitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an oral hygiene regimen (OHR) on the periodontal health...

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-gingivitis efficacy of two bioavailable stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrices versus a zinc/arginine dentifrice and a negative control dentifrice, and to compare the plaque control benefits. Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, four-treatment, parallel-group, double-blind, 3-month clinical trial...

Objectives To compare the effect of bioavailable gluconate-chelated stannous fluoride (SnF2) toothpaste with control toothpastes for treatment of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) and enamel erosion. Data and sources A Procter & Gamble Oral Care archive of clinical studies was reviewed from 2000 to 2020. Eligible studies were Randomised Controlled Tri...

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of three stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrices in the reduction of gingivitis versus a negative control dentifrice. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, four-treatment parallel group study. 120 healthy adult volunteers with established gingivitis were enrolled and randomly assigned t...

Aim: To estimate gingivitis effects of a bioavailable gluconate chelated 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF2 ) family of dentifrices in adult subjects versus positive (triclosan) and negative (NaF or MFP) controls when used ≤3 months. Materials and methods: A meta-analysis evaluated bioavailable gluconate chelated SnF2 dentifrices versus a negative o...

A genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed to elucidate the bacterial cellular response of Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus to NaF and SnF2. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of SnF2 were predetermined before microarray study. Gene expression profiling microarray experimen...

Bacteremia and systemic inflammatory markers are associated with periodontal and systemic diseases and may be linking mechanisms between these conditions. We hypothesized that in the development of gingival inflammation, systemic markers of inflammation and bacteremia would increase. To study the effect of bacteremia on systemic inflammatory marker...

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a marketed stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity as compared to a marketed sodium fluoride (NaF)/triclosan dentifrice over an eight-week period. Methods: Adults with confirmed dentinal hypersensitivity were enrolled in this randomized and controlled, parallel g...

Purpose: To assess the dentin hypersensitivity-reducing effectiveness of a 0.454% stannous-containing dentifrice as compared to a marketed negative control dentifrice after the first brushing as well as after 3 days and 2 weeks of twice daily use. Methods: This was a 2-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, single-center clinical invest...

Objective: This meta-analysis was conducted to assess whether demographic parameters, behavioral factors or baseline stain levels impacted whitening dentifrice effectiveness in clinical trials with common study designs. Method: The pooled analysis was inclusive of all subjects in six clinical trials who were assigned a whitening dentifrice and ha...

Objective: To compare the dentinal hypersensitivity relief benefits of two marketed desensitizing dentifrices over an 8-week period. Method: This study was a randomized, parallel group, controlled, 8-week clinical trial. Subjects reporting moderate dentinal hypersensitivity on 2 teeth (Schiff Index of 2 or 3 and Yeaple Probe 10g) were enrolled an...

Objective: To compare the anti-erosion benefits of two marketed dentifrices in a 15 day in situ model. Method: The present study utilized a single centre, double blind, randomised, two-treatment, and four period crossover design. Thirty-seven subjects were enrolled and 33 completed the study. Each study period took place over a span of 15 days. S...

The aim of this study was to determine heritability estimates of treatment responses to a 10% hydrogen peroxide strip-based whitening system in twins. Eighty-five twin pairs were randomly assigned to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips or placebo strips without peroxide. Both twins (monozygotic or dizygotic) received the same treatment. Maxillar...

To compare the relative plaque control efficacy of a marketed 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice relative to a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice using digital plaque imaging analysis (DPIA). This was a randomized, two-treatment, double-blind, parallel group design study that compared SnF2 and triclosan/copolymer dentifrices over a p...

Objective: A clinical study to evaluate a 5 week usage of stannous-based sodium fluoride toothpastes relative to a marketed positive control toothpaste on established gingivitis. Method: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, single-center five-week clinical study. A total of 94 healthy subjects with more than 25 gingival bleeding s...

Objective: The present study evaluated the anti-plaque efficacy of stannous-based sodium fluoride toothpaste relative to negative control toothpaste, both products marketed in India, using a 4-day plaque model. Method: This was a controlled, double-blind, randomized, 2-treatment, 3-period, crossover 4-day partial brushing plaque study. Thirty-thr...

To evaluate the anti-gingivitis benefits of a 0.454% highly bioavailable stannous fluoride dentifrice (SnF2) relative to a 0.3% triclosan/copolymer dentifrice (triclosan/copolymer) among triclosan/copolymer dentifrice users with residual gingivitis. This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel group, 2-month clinical study. Self-report...

To compare the anti-plaque efficacy of a stabilized 0.454% stannous fluoride (referred to as SnF2) dentifrice versus a 0.3% triclosan dentifrice formulated with a copolymer and sodium fluoride (referred to as triclosan). The study had a randomized, double-blind, two-treatment, parallel-group design, and compared plaque reduction from baseline after...

Objective: A 4-week pilot clinical trial evaluated use of plaque image analysis methods to assess clinical response with combination oral hygiene at implant sites. Method: After IRB review, informed consent was obtained from healthy adults with one or more dental implants in the anterior dentition. Eligible subjects were assigned open-label to a...

Objective: A clinical study was conducted to evaluated whitening efficacy of marketed hydrogen-peroxide containing toothpaste relative to a negative control after 1 Week of use. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blinded, parallel design clinical trial. Thirty-seven adult volunteers with no history of bleaching in the last two years, with Vita...

To evaluate the efficacy of an advanced rotation/oscillation power toothbrush (Oral-B Triumph with SmartGuide) relative to a new sonic power toothbrush (Sonicare DiamondClean) in the reduction of gingivitis and plaque over a period of 12 weeks. This was a single-center, open-label, examiner-blind, two-treatment, parallel group, randomized study in...

Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to compare the effect of an oscillation-rotation power brush vs. new sonic brush on reduction of gingivitis and plaque over a 12-week period. Methods: This was a randomized, parallel, examiner-blind, 12-week clinical trial. The study population included 130 subjects with evidence of gingivitis and pla...

To assess the ability of a novel multi-directional power toothbrush to control plaque and gingivitis when compared to a marketed sonic power toothbrush control. This was a randomized and controlled, examiner-blinded, parallel group, 8-week study at a single center, in adult subjects with mild-to-moderate gingivitis. Pre-treatment gingivitis levels...

Objective: The aim of the present clinical trial is to assess the anti-gingivitis effects of a 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a positive control dentifrice in a 2-month gingivitis treatment study. Method: This randomized, positive-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study enrolled 150 healthy adult volunteers assigned equall...

To compare the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a novel 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice to a commercially available positive control triclosan-containing dentifrice in a population of adults with gingivitis. This single-center, randomized and controlled, double-blind, parallel group, 2-month trial enrolled 200 adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis...

Objective: To compare the efficacy of a 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice and a 0.3% triclosan dentifrice in the reduction of dental plaque over a 6-week period. Method: This study utilized a randomized, two-treatment, double-blinded, parallel group design. Subjects who met the entrance criteria were randomly assigned to 6 weeks’ unsupervis...

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of an oral health education program on study participants and their family members during a dentifrice study. Methods: The program was part of a longitudinal study combining oral health data collection and oral health promotion in an elementary school system in Guatemala. A modified Behavior Risk Factor Surveillan...

Objectives: The present clinical trial compared the treatment of gingivitis for a 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a positive control dentifrice after 2 months use. Methods: This randomized, positive-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study enrolled 200 healthy adult volunteers assigned equally to either a highly bioavailable 0...

Objective: Dental plaque is the primary cause of gingivitis. This study was to assess the anti-plaque efficacy of two therapeutic dentifrices using Digital Plaque Image Analysis (DPIA) Measures. Method: This study employed a 2-treatment, parallel group, double blind, and randomized clinical study design. Ninety-six healthy adult subjects were e...

Objectives: A multi-study surface-specific analysis was performed to compare plaque efficacy of two power brushes with different brush heads. Methods: Two single-brushing studies and a 12-week multiple-use study were re-analyzed separately on lingual and buccal surfaces based on statistically significant brush effects for whole mouth plaque. All...

Objectives: A 3-week randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate concurrent use of plaque and gingivitis image analysis methods to assess clinical response. Methods: After IRB review, informed consent was obtained from healthy adults with overnight plaque. Subjects were randomly assigned to a combination oral hygiene regimen wi...

To evaluate the efficacy of a dentifrice containing 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF2) in the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity immediately after use, after 3 days and after a 2-week use period as compared to a positive control dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate. 80 healthy adu...

This study aimed to: (1) determine concordance rates of self-reported and subjectively determined indicators of oral malodor in twins; (2) determine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in intraoral and exhaled breath. Fifty-one twin pairs participated in the study. Measuremen...

Objectives: Comparison of coronal caries present at baseline and after 3 years of being in a clinical trial in a medicated population 40-80 with at least 10 teeth. Methods: 394 subjects had coronal noncavitated and cavitated coronal caries measured at baseline and 3 years later compared. Patients included had to be taking at least one medication....

Objectives: To evaluate the onset of sensitivity relief for an experimental 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a regular sodium fluoride negative control over a 2-week period. Methods: This study was a randomized, parallel group, negative-controlled, 2-week clinical trial. After institutional review and consent, subjects reporting dent...

Objective: Comparison of root caries present at baseline and after 3 years of being in a clinical trial in a population on medications aged 40-80 with at least 10 teeth. Methods: 393 subjects had noncavitated and cavitated root caries measured at baseline and 3 years later compared. Patients included had to be taking at least one xerogenic medicati...

Objective: A randomized controlled trial evaluated concurrent image analysis methods to assess gingivitis and plaque after oral hygiene. Methods: After institutional review and consent, 59 healthy adults were enrolled in an experimental gingivitis clinical trial. Oral health was promoted via prophylaxes and daily supervised brushing over 14-days, h...

Objective: A controlled split-mouth clinical trial was conducted to assess whether instrumental methods could detect induced short-term changes in gingivitis following scaling and placement of locally-delivered chlorhexidine chips. Methods: Institutional review and informed consent were obtained, and adult volunteers with pocket depth > 4mm were sc...

Objective: A 4-week clinical trial was conducted to evaluate use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene floss on gingivitis when used alone and in-combination with brushing. Methods: Institutional review and informed consent were obtained. After prophylaxis, healthy adults were enrolled in a 4-week experimental gingivitis clinical trial. Oral hygiene...

Objectives: The 4-day plaque model has been well established in the literature to assess the anti-plaque efficacy of oral hygiene products, and this research was conducted to systematically evaluate the anti-plaque efficacy of 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrices. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted using an inclusive dataset from 3 clinical tri...

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of an experimental 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice in the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity relative to a positive control. Methods: This was a two-week, parallel-group, examiner-blind, randomized and controlled clinical trial. A total of 80 healthy adults with at least two teeth demonstrating moderate hy...

Objectives: The present study evaluated the anti-plaque efficacy of various dentifrices using a 4-day plaque model. Methods: This was a controlled, double-blind, randomized, 4-treatment, 4-period, cross-over 4-day partial brushing plaque study. Thirty-one subjects were enrolled into the study. Test products included a novel 0.454% stannous fluoride...

Objective: A crossover study was conducted to compare plaque treatment effects with antimicrobial dentifrices among twins. Methods: After informed consent and child assent (where indicated), twin pairs were randomly assigned to a 3-period crossover sequence, where each period involved 2-weeks use of one of two therapeutic dentifrices. Subjects used...

To evaluate the efficacy of an experimental stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice (1450 ppm fluoride) in the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity over a three-day period as compared to a positive control dentifrice containing 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate. This study, conducted in Chi...

To compare the safety and efficacy of a novel sonic power toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis and plaque over a 4-week period. This study employed a randomized two treatment, examiner-blinded, parallel group design. Subjects with evidence of gingivitis were randomly assigned to 4 weeks' twice daily home use of either t...

Despite oral health improvements in many geographies, the prevalence of oral concerns, including caries, gingivitis, dentin hypersensitivity, breath malodor, calculus, and extrinsic staining remains unacceptably high across the globe. Dentifrice offers a convenient and accessible vehicle to deliver ingredients--such as antimicrobials, fluoride, and...

Objective: A 42-day prospective clinical trial was conducted to compare clinical gingivitis evaluation and non-invasive intraoral digital photography analysis (gingivitis image analysis) for the detection of gingivitis natural history. Methods: After institutional review and informed consent, healthy adults were enrolled in a 3-phase induced (exper...

Objective: This research evaluated relative effectiveness of three marketed rechargeable sonic toothbrushes in gingivitis reduction over a 4-week usage period. Methods: This was a single-center, examiner-blinded, parallel group, randomized clinical trial. One hundred fifty subjects with existing gingivitis were randomized to one of the three market...

To assess the benefit of the power component of two power toothbrushes, with sonic and rotation-oscillation mechanisms, on plaque removal efficacy. Two independent studies with identical designs were used to assess the benefit of the power component of two power toothbrushes, with sonic and rotation-oscillation mechanisms, on plaque removal efficac...

Objectives: A clinical study was conducted to evaluate the combination use of a therapeutic dentifrice and rinse plus a rotation-oscillation power brush on daytime plaque accumulation. Methods: Healthy adults with overnight plaque accumulation were randomized to a combination paste-rinse-brush group or control. Subjects received either the combinat...

Objective: This research evaluated clinical effectiveness of a marketed vibrating manual toothbrush in tooth whitening by removal of surface stain relative to a positive control. Methods: This was a randomized, parallel-design, examiner-blinded clinical trial. A total of 30 generally healthy adults with facial surface stain were randomized to: a vi...

Objective: This research evaluated the plaque removal efficacy of two different manual toothbrushes over a 5-day usage period. Methods: A two-treatment four-period, crossover study was conducted to evaluate comparative plaque removal effects of two manual brushes. After a 5-day acclimation period with standard brush and paste, disclosed overnight p...

Objectives: A 56-day prospective clinical trial evaluated whether a non-invasive intraoral digital photography method (gingivitis image analysis) could assess disease natural history. Methods: Healthy adults were enrolled in a 3-phase induced (experimental) gingivitis clinical trial. From Day -14 to Day 0, oral health was promoted via 2 dental prop...

Objectives: This research evaluated the inter-operator measurement reproducibility in twins using a digital imaging system to measure tooth color. Methods: Two operators (experienced and naive) collected tooth color from 9 sets of healthy twins on a single day. Images were captured under fixed polarized lighting conditions using a high resolution d...

Objectives: Tooth color standards for digital image analysis were developed from a large clinical database and applied in a prospective, randomized, negatively-controlled trial to assess validity. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted involving digital images of tooth color from 4418 subjects in 90 clinical studies. RGB values of teeth were mapped...

Objectives: A pilot, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using twin pairs to assess gingivitis treatment effects with induced (experimental) gingivitis. Methods: After informed consent and child assent (where appropriate), 30 teen-to-adult twin pairs were enrolled in an experimental gingi...

To assess and compare the plaque removal efficacy of five different Oral-B manual toothbrushes: CrossAction Pro-Health (CAPH), CrossAction (CA), Exceed (EX), Advantage 123 (ADV 123), and Indicator (IND). This was a single-use, five-treatment, examiner-blind, randomized, five-period (visit) crossover study, with 10 different treatment sequences (gro...

To our knowledge, changes in the patterns of whole-transcriptome gene expression that occur during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis in humans were not previously explored using bioinformatic tools. Gingival biopsy samples collected from 14 subjects during a 28-day stent-induced experimental gingivitis model, followed by treat...

Although power toothbrushes provide valuable tools toward improving oral health, contrasting results are discerned in their efficiency. This 10-week study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of rotation/oscillation and sonic power toothbrushes in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. This two-treatment, parallel group, examiner-blind...

To compare the plaque removing efficacy of Oral-B Advantage 123 and Colgate 360 degrees manual toothbrushes on a single brushing after a 24-hour void in oral hygiene. This study had a two-treatment (Advantage 123 versus Colgate 360 degrees), examiner-blind, randomized, four-period (visit) crossover design. At the first (baseline) visit, subjects re...

Objective: A double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among monozygotic and dizygotic twins to ascertain the heritability of tooth color and whitening response with 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips. Methods: After informed consent and child assent, 85 twin pairs were randomly assigned to 10% hydrogen peroxide wh...

The effectiveness of power toothbrushes is well established. Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the plaque removal efficacy of a novel battery-powered toothbrush delivering constant brushing performance compared to an ADA manual toothbrush. Methods: This study was a randomized, examiner-blind, 4-period crossover design, which...

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical attachment loss (CAL) and the associated dietary and other risk factors in a group of subjects taking xerogenic medications. Methods: Volunteers from the Boston-area (ages 40-80) taking xerogenic medication with demonstrated salivary hypofunction were enrolled. The CAL was measured by...

Objectives: A 4-week clinical study was conducted to evaluate the combination use of a therapeutic dentifrice, criss-cross manual brush, and therapeutic rinse on plaque accumulation. Methods: 39 healthy adults with overnight plaque accumulation were randomly assigned to a combination paste-rinse-brush group or control. The combination group used 0....

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the affects of cheese and other dairy products on clinical attachment loss (CAL) in subjects taking psychiatric medications that induce xerostomia. Methods: A total of 117 volunteers, all on various psychiatric medications, with confirmed hyposalivation (mean=0.068 +/- 0.089, normal ranges = 0....

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque effects of a sonic rechargeable toothbrush relative to a manual toothbrush using a gingivitis treatment model. Methods: This was a randomized, examiner blind, two-treatment, four-week, parallel group, controlled clinical study. A total of 132 healthy adult sub...

Objectives: This pilot clinical trial was conducted to evaluate whether use of 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice slurry affects gingivitis development in the absence of toothbrushing. Methods: A randomized, examiner-blind, 21-day induced gingivitis multi-group clinical study compared BID use of a therapeutic dentifrice slurry versus a regular den...

Objective: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate a novel instrumental method (gingivitis image analysis) to assess gingivitis treatment efficacy in a general population. Methods: After institutional review and informed consent, healthy adults with gingivitis were randomly assigned to a therapeutic 0.454% stannous fluoride sodium h...

Objectives: The four-day plaque model has been well established in the literature to assess the anti-plaque efficacy of oral hygiene products, including mouth rinses and dentifrices. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-plaque effect of 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrices using a lingual brushing 4-day plaque model. Methods: This r...

Objective: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess whether instrumental methods could detect induced short-term changes in local blood flow and/or gingival color from local infiltration. Methods: Institutional review and informed consent were obtained, and 12 healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three injection cr...

To assess the extrinsic stain removal benefit of two different power toothbrushes: an experimental Oral-B Pulsonic rechargeable toothbrush and a positive control Sonicare FlexCare toothbrush. This was a randomized, positive-controlled, examiner-blind, two-treatment, parallel group, two-week study. A Lobene stain index was performed at baseline on t...

Sonic and rotation-oscillation power toothbrushes are popular and effective, but have been shown to differ in relative benefits. The objective of this 12-week investigation was to compare the efficacy of a rotation-oscillation powered toothbrush and a newly introduced sonic toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis and dental plaque. This was a ran...

To compare plaque removal efficacy of Oral-B CrossAction (CA) used for 1 min with an American Dental Association (ADA) manual toothbrush used for 2 or 5 min in an examiner-blind, three-treatment, six-period crossover study. After refraining from all oral hygiene procedures for 23-25 h, subjects were randomly assigned to one of nine possible six-per...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of dental flossing on the microbial composition of interproximal plaque samples in matched twins. The study was a two-treatment, examiner-masked, randomized, parallel-group, controlled study. Fifty-one twin pairs between 12 and 21 years of age were randomized to a 2-week supervised and unsupervise...

To assess extrinsic stain removal efficacy of a power toothbrush and a dental prophylaxis followed by the use of a standardized American Dental Association (ADA) reference manual toothbrush. This was a randomized, positive-controlled, examiner-blind, parallel group, two-week study. A Lobene stain examination was performed at baseline. Subjects were...

To evaluate the plaque removal efficacy and safety of an advanced rotation-oscillation power toothbrush relative to a newly-introduced sonic toothbrush. This study used a randomized, examiner-blind, two-treatment, four-period, four-sequence crossover design. Subjects received both toothbrushes (Oral-B Triumph and Sonicare FlexCare) and a standard d...

To assess the in vivo plaque removal efficacy of the newly marketed sonic/ultrasonic toothbrush. Plaque removal resulting from the toothbrush being held approximately 3 mm from the tooth surface was compared versus a no brushing control. Also, plaque removal resulting from the brush being used according to the manufacturer's instructions was compar...

Toothbrushing effectiveness can be improved with at-home reinforcement of proper technique. This study evaluated the ability of a power brush with a wireless remote display (Oral-B Triumph with SmartGuide) to improve brushing force and thoroughness. At baseline, 61 pre-screened subjects were videotaped while brushing. The wireless display was also...

Recently, a new sonic power toothbrush has been marketed. The purpose of this study was to compare the plaque removal efficacy of a control rotation-oscillation power toothbrush (Oral-B Triumph) to this new sonic-powered toothbrush (Sonicare FlexCare) following a single brushing. This study was a randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, two-treatmen...

To compare the safety and efficacy of two manual toothbrushes, Oral-B Exceed and Asian Colgate 360 masculine, in removing plaque. The study used an examiner-blind, two-treatment, randomized, four-period (visits) crossover design. At the first visit, subjects received a baseline plaque examination; plaque was scored using the Rustogi et al. Modified...

Effective plaque removal is essential for gingival health, and dental floss is used to augment plaque removal achieved with a toothbrush. This randomized, controlled, examiner-masked, five-period crossover study examined plaque removal in 25 subjects following single use with an American Dental Association reference manual toothbrush alone and in c...

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of two power toothbrushes in the removal of dental plaque following a single brushing. The study employed a two-treatment, examiner-blind, randomized, four-period crossover design. A total of 25 generally healthy adult subjects were enrolled into the study. Test products were an oscillating/rotating power toothbr...

To evaluate the tooth whitening benefit through stain removal delivered by a marketed whitening dentifrice (Crest Vivid White) used twice a day or a combination regimen of two marketed dentifrices (Crest Vivid White Night used at night and Crest Cavity Protection used in the morning) relative to a positive control over a 2-week period. Both studies...

The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice relative to a positive control triclosan dentifrice for prevention of clinical attachment loss (CAL) in xerostomic patients. A secondary objective was to compare the dentifrices for root caries remineralization. This was a 2-year, randomized, do...

The aim of this article is to provide a review of common power toothbrush technologies with a focus on the oscillating-rotating motion used in a novel toothbrush; describe features to drive compliance such as the "SmartGuide" innovation; and finally recommend steps to motivate patients to adopt a power toothbrush as part of their home care regimen....

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various product combinations involving brush, paste, rinse, and floss on the prevention of plaque regrowth and gingivitis. In this randomized, parallel-group, examiner-blind, eight-week study, 179 subjects with gingivitis had a dental prophylaxis and were randomly assigned to one of six produc...

To evaluate the safety and plaque removal efficacy of an advanced rotating-oscillating power toothbrush relative to a sonic toothbrush with either a standard or compact brush head. Two studies used a randomized, examiner-blind, two-treatment, crossover design. In Study 1, subjects were instructed to use their first randomly assigned toothbrush for...

Two randomized, six-week, double-blind, parallel group, clinical trials were independently conducted to compare the extrinsic stain removal efficacy of a novel whitening therapeutic dentifrice containing 0.454% stannous fluoride and sodium hexametaphosphate in a formulation with high cleaning silica, relative to a positive control whitening dentifr...

To evaluate the plaque removal efficacy of a dual action power toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush Pro Clean) relative to an ADA reference manual toothbrush. In addition to overall plaque removal, emphasis was put on plaque reduction around the gingival margin, interproximal areas of the tooth and in the posterior segment of the dentition. The study was a...

The purpose of this study was to assess treatment responses to dental flossing in twins. The study was a two-treatment, examiner-blind, randomized parallel group, controlled study. Fifty-one twin pairs between 12 and 21 years of age were randomized to a 2-week supervised and unsupervised treatment regimen consisting of 1) tongue brushing and toothb...

This study measured the ability of three toothbrushes to remove plaque following three single brushing episodes with each toothbrush. This was a randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, nine-period crossover study conducted in 72 adult subjects over a 3-month period that examined plaque removal with a rechargeable power toothbrush and two manual too...

Antimicrobial agents, such as stannous fluoride and triclosan, have been incorporated into dentifrice formulations and shown to be effective in the prevention and reduction of gingivitis. However, not all subjects respond to treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the antigingivitis efficacy of a 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexamet...