A. A. Pekerti

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Associate Professor at The University of Queensland

While business studies on gender have increased, they continue to adopt traditional approaches with limited samples drawn from general populations (e.g., students and teachers). In contrast, we investigate gender differences with our focus solely on business professionals. Specifically, we study 40 societies using the four dimensions of subordinate...

Drawing from status characteristics theory, we develop a multilevel model to explain the relationships between gender composition (e.g., female‐female supervisor‐subordinate dyads, a female majority at the next higher level, and a female majority at the same job level) in the workplace and women's career satisfaction. We hypothesise that working wi...

Increasing rates of obesity are affecting many countries around the world, including developing regions such as Indonesia. One of the factors contributing to obesity is a lack of food security, which involves a lack of control over when food will be available. Food insecurity is linked to low self‐efficacy and can lead consumers to overeat high‐ene...

This paper investigated immigrant groups’ attributes as factors inhibiting immigrants’ career development and progression vis-à-vis local-born-mainstream-groups. Drawing on the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) of warmth and competence, we examined perceptual cues (surface-diversity) and factors that act as career progression barriers. Results reveale...

Reports indicate that international migration patterns will continue to grow between 50 and 60 million per decade. Consequently, people’s perceptions of a country’s image will evolve. Country image is an important phenomenon affecting organizations and people’s decisions to travel, invest, study, migrate, and many more. Hence, this study aims to ex...

In our 40-society study of business professionals, we first constructed four microculture cohorts based on gender and life-stage (young: 20-39 and middle: 40-59). Next, using the alignment method and HLM, we investigated the preferences that these microculture cohorts had for four unique organizational culture types (Clan, Adhocracy, Market and Hie...

Since the days of Hofstede (1980), cross-cultural comparisons of countries based on societal-level work values have been a norm. This approach has been represented more recently in Ronen and Shenkar’s (2013) 11 clusters of country cultures. However, more contemporary research found within-country heterogeneity of values/behaviors is substantial and...

One of the persisting challenges facing societies and organizations is to socially integrate sojourners, expatriates, including migrants into the host culture whilst leveraging reciprocal cross-cultural learning experiences. In a quasi-experimental field study, using an embedded unequal design, incoming international students’ (i-Students’) adjustm...

This paper explores the impact of acculturation conditions, orientations and outcomes on international students in Australia’s tertiary education sector. Specifically, we investigate the factors that facilitate or hinder acculturation of international students within a multidimensional acculturation context (Arends-Tóth & van de Vijver, 2006). We u...

This chapter examines the cultural cognition of functional Multi-culturals and n-Culturals—in particular the notion that n-Culturals have high integrative complexity thus are able to preserve the saliences of more than two cultural values. This capacity is based on the n-Culturals’ cultural metacognition, which enables them to manage internal confl...

In this chapter, I explore the practical implications of being n-Cultural in the workplace and future research concerning n-Culturals. A major issue will be measuring the n-Culturals and associated elements fundamental to their existence. The chapter and monograph conclude with a discussion on mentorship. Although the ideal mentor for an individual...

This chapter examines the n-Cultural archetype as one that possesses knowledge, identifies with more than two cultural identities, internalizes some of the values, attitudes, and other elements of more than two cultures as part of one’s guiding principles for thought and actions, plus being willing to exert effort to maintain and be committed to th...

Being multicultural has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages emanate from the multiple cultural experiences gained and skills developed from these experiences. The disadvantages mostly originate from challenges faced in the process of developing multicultural skills, adjustment processes, and some exogenous factors that are beyond the multi...

In this chapter, I address the premise that cross-cultural organizational psychology and international management need to explore the topic of multiculturalism beyond biculturalism. A number of theories are presented to explain the foundations, the concepts, and the mechanisms that are relevant in n-Culturalism. The chapter extends the conceptualiz...

The n-Cultural is a nuanced conceptualization of multicultural individuals, which comprise the necessary interdependent elements of knowledge of cultures and identification with multiple cultures, internalization of the values, attitudes, beliefs and behavioral assumptions of these cultures, and commitment to maintain the multiple identities, value...

The current study examines the relationship between transformational leadership and citizenship behavior as mediated by paternalism. In addition, individual-level institutional collectivism orientation is hypothesized to moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and paternalism. Two hundred and forty-six employees (123 managers/...

This study examines the relationships between servant leadership (SL) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediated by trust and job satisfaction in the context of China and Indonesia. Structural equation modeling analyses show that trust mediates the relationship between SL and OCB in the Chinese and Indonesian samples, whereas job sat...

This book introduces the concept of n-Culturalism – a play on the notation of sub-sample size indicating that multiple and different samples can exist within a body of work/research. It suggests that n-Culturals are a different type of multicultural individual, with different skills and abilities. At the same time, it contends that because n-Cultur...

In a globally connected world, it is increasingly common for individuals to belong to and be influenced by more than one culture. Based on a critique of conceptualizations from psychology, management, marketing, anthropology, and sociology, we bring clarity and consistency to conceptualizing and measuring multiculturalism at the individual level. W...

In the last three decades many developing and middle-income nations' health care systems have been financed via out-of-pocket payments by individuals. User fees charges, however, may not be the best approach or thenmost equitable approach to finance and/or reform health services in developing nations. This study investigates the status of Vietnam's...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to bring to light the double edges faced by individuals who have international and multicultural experiences. The implication is that these individuals encounter acculturation challenges, and also gain from their multiculturality. The authors adopt Berry’s (2011) integration and multiculturalism framework to ana...

We explore the notion that culture influences people’s values, and their subsequent ideologies and ethical behaviors. We present the idea that culture itself changes with time, and explore the influence of culture and generational markers on consumer ethics by examining differences in these ethical dimensions between Australians, Indonesians, and I...

Purpose In the debate whether ethics should be separated from religion or otherwise, few have investigated the impact of religious beliefs and ethical ideologies on consumer ethics. Thus, the purpose of this study to investigate the influence of consumers’ religion, moral philosophy and generational cohort on their perception toward various consume...

Religion is a significant part of daily life that affects consumers' decisions and behaviors. Religious consumers are predicted to be more ethical than non-religious consumers. Nonetheless, past research suggests mixed results. Hence, the present study has two main objectives: (1) to examine differences in moral ideologies and ethical beliefs among...

There is enormous cross-cultural variation in alcohol choices and drinking behaviour. Because of the inherent differences in historical drinking culture, as well as differences in alcohol policy globally, similarities and differences in drinking patterns have long been a focus of interest among public health and social marketing researchers. Thus,...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend current conceptualizations of multicultural individuals by mapping the underlying elements of knowledge, identification, commitment and internalization as components of multicultural identity. It aims to extend discussions of how multicultural individuals manage their multiculturality. Design/method...

As globalization immerses into organizations’ operations across nations, multicultural teams are rapidly taking center stage in business operations. The trend toward increasingly culturally diverse teams in the world means that organizations can benefit from learning from each other’s cultural orientation strengths to enhance work team functioning....

Physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study is threefold: first, to empirically examine the effect of attitudes on people's intentions towards starting a new physical activity in three weight groups; second, to explore differences within various demographic groups; and finally, to offer research and...

This article reports the development and validation of a theory-based, short form measure of cultural intelligence (SFCQ). The SFCQ captures the original theoretical intent of a multifaceted culture general form of intelligence that is related to effective intercultural interactions. The validity of the scale is established with 3526 participants i...

Empirical evidence supports the notion that communication behaviors in intercultural encounters are effectively extensions of cultural values as well as epistemologies. Study 1 established communication behaviors of Asians and New Zealanders (NZs) as consistent with vertical collectivism and horizontal individualism, respectively. In particular, ar...

Drawing on cognitive moral development and moral identity theories, this study empirically examines the moral antecedents and consequences of authentic leadership. Machiavellianism, an individual difference variable relating to the use of the ‘end justifies the means’ principle, is predicted to affect the link between morality and leadership. Analy...

Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and i...

This article advances current conceptualizations of multicultural identities by identifying constituent elements of multicultural identity as knowledge, identification, internalization, and commitment. This new conceptualization is labeled n-Culturalism and posits that there are individuals who operate at the intersection of multiple cultures by ma...

p>The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education is now central to facilitating links between learners, resources and instructors. Regardless of whether it is used in distance education or educational objects, ICT enables educators to package education opportunities in an increasing number of alternative ways so as best to m...

Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and i...

Our study tested the predictive power of socioeconomic development theory and age differences theory to explain work values across cultures and across age groups. We compared the values orientations of future managers, business students under the age of 25, with those of current managers and professionals, who we split into three decade groups (30...

We explore macro-level factors that shape perceptions of the ethicality of favors in Asian workplaces using the subordinate influence ethics (SIE) measure. We also expand and use the crossvergence model to examine the cross-level relationship between socio-cultural (i.e., traditional/secular; survival/self-expression; in-group favoritism) and busin...

The construct of cultural intelligence has recently been introduced to the management literature as an individual difference that may predict effectiveness and a variety of interpersonal behavior in the global business environment. This construct has enormous potential in helping to explain effectiveness in cross-cultural interactions. However, pro...

This empirical research examines the effect of culture on the way people perceive and assign causes to events in organizations. It explores the idea that attributional biases and errors are moderated by a person's culture. Results supported proposed hypotheses; they showed that Indonesians, New Zealanders, and Canadians perceived their interdepende...

This article provides current Schwartz Values Survey (SVS) data from samples of business managers and professionals across 50 societies that are culturally and socioeconomically diverse. We report the society scores for SVS values dimensions for both individual- and societal-level analyses. At the individual-level, we report on the ten circumplex v...

This study tested the predictive power of cultural differences theory and life stage theory to explain work values across age groups and cultures. We compared the values orientations of future managers (N = 768) with those of current mid-career managers and professionals (N = 726) across six diverse societies: Brazil, Germany, Indonesia, Russia, th...

Purpose This study sets out to examine the impact of servant leadership (SL) on followers' trust in their leaders. Design/methodology/approach Data from 555 employees of two educational institutions were obtained using measures of servant leadership behaviors and followers' trust in their leader. Findings Servant leadership is a significant predi...

This study extends the GLOBE study of 62 societies by investigating an emerging model of servant leadership (SL) across cultures. SL is a holistic and altruistic approach of leadership that focuses on the commitment to serve other people. Adopting Implicit Leadership Theory's (ILT) premise that people hold cognitive categories to distinguish betwee...

With a 41-society sample of 9990 managers and professionals, we used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the impact of both macro-level and micro-level predictors on subordinate influence ethics. While we found that both macro-level and micro-level predictors contributed to the model definition, we also found global agreement for a subordin...

Servant leadership (SL) is an emerging model of leadership that goes beyond the popular construct of transformational leadership. Building on Fredrickson’s (2001) broaden and-build theory of emotion, we propose a cyclical model of positive affect where followers’ gratitude in response to SL will not only result in followers’ adaptive behaviors but...

In this paper we put forth the Overseas Chinese Family Business (OCFB) as a distinct business type and more recently as a multinational enterprise. Three important factors are presented as contributing to the rise and success of OCFB in the Southeast (S.E.) Asian region, namely, culture, paternalism, a bounded environment and the interaction of the...

Purpose Although a great deal of research has focused on the effect of trust on conflict, little research has examined the impact of conflict on trust. The purpose of this paper is to present a model that investigates the relationship between conflict types (task, relationship and process), conflict features (intensity and duration), communication...

The construct of cultural intelligence, recently introduced to the management literature, has enormous potential in helping to explain effectiveness in cross cultural interactions. However, at present, no generally accepted definition or operationalization of this nascent construct exists. In this article, we develop a conceptualization of cultural...

This theoretical article presents an interdisciplinary approach to extend the scope of current career theories and their application to the overseas Chinese (OC) in Indonesia. Using an ecological model to analyze culture and an emic perspective, the article discusses several factors that affect careers of OC Indonesians. Factors such as culture, di...

This article examines the influence of culture on the way managers and workers perceive causes of success and failure in organizational tasks. The author argues that selfserving and actor-observer biases, as well as other attribution errors, will be moderated by culture. Specifically, managers and workers with a sociocentric self-concept from high-...

This study examined the moderating effect of national culture on the relationship between a key situational indicator (job satisfaction) and the exchange behaviors of employees. The main effect of job satisfaction on the outcome behaviors of exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect was consistent in Indonesia and New Zealand suggesting a possible universa...

This study examined the communication styles of East Asians and Anglo-European New Zealanders (Pakeha). Results indicated that in general, Asians exhibited more sociocentric communication behavior whereas Pakeha exhibited more idiocentric behavior. In intercultural interactions, both the frequency and intensity of these behavior styles were exacerb...

Restricted Item. Print thesis available in the University of Auckland Library or may be available through Inter-Library Loan. Restricted Item. Print thesis available in the University of Auckland Library or may be available through Inter-Library Loan. This thesis examined the influence of culture on the communication styles and behaviours of people...

Typescript (photocopy). Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 1992. Bibliography: leaves 124-129.