A. I. Mamedov

A. I. Mamedov
ARO-USDA-ARS (PU, KSU) -Tottori University · Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences

PhD
soil physics & health, erosion & water quality, soil & water management-conservation, soil-plant relation, land use & C.

About

92
Publications
26,123
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Introduction
• Soil physics & hydrology • Soil and water (crop) management & conservation • Soil structure & stability: impact of land use & management • Soil & nutrient loss (plots - watersheds): erosion & runoff water quality • Soil health in the root zone - rhizosphere • Water & nutrient use efficiency • Irrigation & Salinity • Abiotic stresses • Modeling • Sustainable soil & crop management (land use, tillage, cultivars, amendments, microbiome, C sequestration, SOC-fractions). Water resources management

Publications

Publications (92)
Article
Full-text available
The Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations call for applying soil management practices that contribute land degradation neutrality. Our objectives were to investigate the effect of (i) soil management-conventional tillage (CT under crop) and no-tillage (NT under grass)-and (ii) an amendment (polyacrylamide (PAM)) application on the str...
Chapter
Soil and water conservation is essential for sustaining agricultural production and for protecting the soil ecosystem. This chapter discusses an alternative approach for soil erosion mitigation, which advocates modification of soil properties that are linked to processes that control degradation of soil structure stability. The chapter reviews the...
Article
Full-text available
Visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy are increasingly being used for the fast determination of soil properties. The aim of this study was (i) to test the use of MIR spectra (Agilent 4300 FTIR Handheld spectrometer) for the prediction of soil properties and (ii) to compare the prediction performances of MIR spectra and...
Article
Full-text available
Irrigation of calcareous soil with saline–sodic water can modify the composition of the soil solution and exchange complexes in agricultural land of arid and semi-arid regions with low water resources. The objective of this study was to monitor (medium-term) potential changes in a calcareous clay soil irrigated with two types of sodic waters withou...
Article
Full-text available
Soils derived from loess are fertile but susceptible to accelerated degradation in response to agricultural practices. The objective of our study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) integrated with contrasting organic amendments (29 years) to rejuvenate degraded loess via total soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestrat...
Conference Paper
Introduction, scope and main objectives: Application of biochar along with traditional mineral fertilizers, and combined with other soil amendments could be an effective approaches for improvement of soil fertility and health and crop production, and soil and water conservation. However, inconsistent results regarding soil fertility and biochar ty...
Conference Paper
Introduction, scope and main objectives. Soil salinity severely affects ecosystem quality and crop production. Large amount of data on soil salinity has been collected in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS, formerly USSR) and many other countries during more than 70 years, but its current use is complicated because in these countries sal...
Poster
Full-text available
Enhancing soil structure is vital for sustainable land management. We evaluated the effects of long-term land use (no-till, NT; conventional-till, CT; grass, and forest), and that of adding polyacrylamide (PAM = 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L) to CT soil, on a silty loam soil quality indices, pore size distribution and structural stability (IN, USA). For...
Article
Full-text available
Root biomass and phenotyping are vital parameters for studies on crop performance and response to environmental change, as well as abiotic stresses, crop water uptake, nutrient supply, and soil C sequestration and quality. However, root sampling and measurement, including biomass estimation, are laborious and time-consuming tasks. This study develo...
Article
Full-text available
Soil spectroscopy is a promising alternative to evaluate and monitor soil and water quality, particularly in mountainous agricultural lands characterized by intense degradation and limited soil tests reports; a few studies have evaluated the feasibility of VIS-NIR spectroscopy to predict Mehlich 3 (M3) extractable nutrients. This study aimed to (i)...
Article
Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) has the potential to reduce soil erosion through soil conditioning. However, a comprehensive study about its effectiveness especially when applied combined with other amendments have rarely been conducted in the tropical highland climatic conditions, such as in Ethiopia. The study assessed the effectiveness of PAM (P =...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Soil structure formation and stability are critical aspects of sustainable land management and crop productivity in irrigated lands. We evaluated the effects of long-term land use, orchard (soil organic matter, SOM=3.0-3.5%) and field crops (SOM=0.6-1.2%), and that of adding anionic polyacrylamide (PAM = 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1) to field crop...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Soil structural condition and formation is a vital aspect of maintaining soil quality and functions, sustainable land management, crop productivity and agro-environmental stability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of four long-term land-use systems (crop, bush, grass and forest) resulting in significantly varying soil o...
Article
This study aims to investigate the effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) alone or integrated with other soil amendments on soil fertility and Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) yield. A field experiment was carried out for 2 years in three contrasting agroecological zones of the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia, using a randomized complete block design...
Article
Full-text available
Soil salinity severely affects soil ecosystem quality and crop production in semi-arid and arid regions. A vast quantity of data on soil salinity has been collected by research organizations of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS, formerly USSR) and many other countries over the last 70 years, but using them in the current international net...
Article
Restoring physical quality of acidic Luvisols from the Ethiopian highlands subjected to long-term conventional tillage (CT) by traditional no tillage (NT) system may take 20–30 years. Use of exogenous additives may speed up reclamation of soil physical quality. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of combining two tillage systems (...
Article
Full-text available
Soil structural stability is a vital aspect of soil quality and functions, and of maintaining sustainable land management. The objective of this study was to compare the contribution of four long-term land-use systems (crop, bush, grass, and forest) coupled with anionic polyacrylamide (PAM = 0, 25, and 200 mg L−1) application on the structural stab...
Article
Endophytic fungus-tall fescue symbiosis can improve the rhizosphere physical quality, but contribution of oxygen-limited conditions on this change, particularly in semiarid and arid regions has not been established yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on the rhizosphere quality i...
Article
Degradation by wind erosion is detrimental to both soil and land quality in arid regions. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of some organic amendment - poultry manure (PM), farmyard manure (FYM) and rice husk (RH) and were applied on the sandy soil surface at 1 and 3 cm thickness and control (no treatment; C) to make clear t...
Chapter
Plant green biomass and morphology are closely related aspects of organ development; however, biomass accumulation patterns of agricultural crops are often complex and influenced by the growth environment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the effects of salinity and drought stress on the root mass (RM) to shoot mass (SM) ratio (RSR...
Article
Full-text available
Loss of beneficial microbes and lack of native inoculum have hindered reforestation efforts in the severely-degraded lands worldwide. This is a particularly pressing problem for Ethiopia owing to centuries-old unsustainable agricultural practices. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculum potential of soils from church forest in the northwest highl...
Article
Quality of soils of the arid zones with low organic matter can be improved through the application of natural amendments especially biochar from various available feedstocks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of corn residue and poultry manure and their biochars on soil organic carbon (SOC), hot-water soluble carbohydrates (HW...
Article
Quality of soils of the arid zones with low organic matter can be improved through the application of natural amendments especially biochar from various available feedstocks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of corn residue and poultry manure and their biochars on soil organic carbon (SOC), hot-water soluble carbohydrates (HW...
Article
Efficacy of polyacrylamide (PAM), a water-soluble soil conditioner, prepared with poor quality water (low salinity, higher sodicity) commonly available to farm managers, is unknown. We studied the effects of treating aggregates of four soils with predominant smectitic or kaolinitic clay mineralogy with PAM solution prepared with poor quality water...
Article
Phosphorus depletion from cultivated lands by runoff is a significant contributor to soil chemical degradation. Our objective was to elucidate the mechanisms through which soil and organic matter amendments affect rain‐induced runoff P losses in Mediterranean soils. Clay, loam and loamy sand mixed with non‐composted activated sludge (AS), manure co...
Article
Full-text available
The use of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a soil conditioner could help prevent soil loss by water. In this study, we determined the effective granular PAM rate that best reduces runoff and soil loss from Oxisols. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the selected PAM rate was tested by applying it in a mixture with gypsum (G) or lime (L). The study w...
Article
Cadmium (Cd) excess in soil represents an important problem for cereal productivity and food-chain contamination. Limited information is available on the Cd concentration in the grain of cereals, grown in acidic soils of Turkey. The objective of the study was to investigate the response of the cereal cultivars (bread wheat, durum wheat and barley)...
Article
Full-text available
Sıcaklık dalgalarının toprak yüzeyinde ve alt katmanlarında dağılımı, toprak özelliklerinin yanı sıra, toprakların ısı kapasitesi, ısısal yayınım, ısı iletkenliği ve yüzey ısı akışı gibi ısısal özelliklerine de önemli düzeyde bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, (i) toprak yüzeyinde ısı akışının sabit olması durumunda ısı akışı denkleminin çözümüne ve Fourier k...
Article
Full-text available
To automatically meet crop water requirement and regulate drought stress to enhance sugar content, a capillary-driven automatic irrigation system (new sand ponics, NSP) was invented. This system keeps water level below the root zone which is packed with a non-woven fabric and water is automatically supplied by capillary force responding to root wat...
Article
Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is a major problem in semiarid and arid regions. Understanding the processes and mechanisms affecting the generation of runoff and subsequent soil erosion in these regions is essential for the development of improved soil and water conservation and crop management practices. We performed a meta‐analysis...
Article
Temperature is a key factor that can affect soil properties and processes. Surface tension-viscous flow (STVF) theory is widely used to explain the temperature effects on soil hydraulic properties. We hypothesized that one of the reasons for deviation of measured soil water retention data from the STVF theory predictions is due to the temperature e...
Article
Full-text available
Phase change in soil temperature should be taken into account in application of heat conductivity equation to different soil layers. In this study, applicability of the solution in daily soil temperature change was provided with consideration of phase change in the heat conductivity equation. Root mean square error, absolute error, maximum relative...
Conference Paper
Objective of the study was to (i) study structure stability parameters of long-term cultivated and degraded six soil types using the High Energy Moisture Characteristics (HEMC) method, and (ii) link contribution of soil type, polyacrylamide (PAM) and lime (slaked) application, and wetting with ethanol to soil pore size distribution (PSD), aggregate...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The objective of the study was using high energy moisture characteristics (HEMC) method to evaluate the role of polyacrylamide (PAM) concentration on structure stability, and water retention parameters of cultivated clay soil from Ethiopia (watershed Dibatie) for assessing soil conservation practices efficacy. The treatments studied (e.g. PAM conce...
Conference Paper
Above- and belowground components of plants (e.g. root and shoot) are closely linked through movement of minerals and energy between plants and soil organisms, and influence terrestrial ecosystem processes and carbon storage. Combined studies of both components and their interaction in the soil-plant system may identify of terrestrial ecosystem dyn...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Knowledge of root and shoot biomass dynamics is vital to improving our understanding of the contribution of abiotic stress on plant growth and yield, transportation of photosynthate, and nutrient cycling, carbon distribution and land development. Allometric relationships between plant organs allows to link plant structural development and primary p...
Article
Full-text available
Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) efficiency in water absorption and release depends on soil properties and SAP type and concentration. Our objective was to examine the effects of soil texture, SAP concentration and properties on water absorption and release from soil–SAP mixtures during 10 h of drying. Four SAP types, five SAP concentrations, and five...
Article
Fungal endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala) usually infects cool-season perennial forage grasses and enhances host plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and, by potentially altering the litter quality and decomposition rate, can affect soil properties. Aggregate stability, as an important determinant of plant root growth and soil quality, may...
Article
Full-text available
Studying and modeling the effects of soil properties and management on soil structure and near saturation water retention is vital for the development of effective soil and water conservation practices. The contribution of soil intrinsic properties and extrinsic conditions to structure stability was inferred, in quantitative terms, from changes in...
Article
Understanding the effects of soil intrinsic properties and extrinsic conditions on aggregate stability is essential for the development of effective soil and water conservation practices. Our objective was to evaluate the combined role of soil texture, aggregate size and application of a stabilizing agent on aggregate and structure stability indice...
Article
Application of organic wastes to cultivated lands can replace mineral fertilizers, but may also alter soil physical properties and enhance pollution potential. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of biosolids (composted manure [MC] and activated sludge [AS]), and specific biosolid components (orthophosphate [OP], phytic aci...
Article
Full-text available
Instant heating and cooling of soil surface has an important effect on soil micro climate and soil processes. In this research, one dimensional heat conductivity equation was investigated in case of instant heating and cooling soil surface conditions. Similarity theory was applied for solution of the equation. The solution was expressed in a simple...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Studying and modeling the effects of soil properties and management on soil structure, a basic property of soil health, is vital for the development of effective soil and water conservation practices. Contribution of soil intrinsic properties and extrinsic conditions on structure stability was inferred in quantitative terms from changes in the wate...
Article
Full-text available
Soil erosion and subsequent pollution by water from agricultural lands or watersheds is still in need for evaluating of the impacts of various spatio-temporal processes involved. We have summarized the contribution of soil inherent properties (predominant clay mineralogy, soil texture, and organic matter content), and extrinsic conditions (rain kin...
Article
Full-text available
In arid and semi-arid zones with a short water resources studying the effects of water quality on soil water retention and structure is important for the development of effective soil and water conservation and management practices. Three water qualities (electrical conductivity, EC ~ 2, 100 and 500 μS cm-1 with a low SAR representing rain, canal-r...
Article
Recycling of organic wastes via their incorporation in cultivated lands is known to alter soil structural stability. Aggregate stability tests are commonly used to express quantitatively the susceptibility of soil structural stability to deformation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biosolids addition, namely composted...
Article
Aggregate stability tests are commonly used to evaluate degradation in a range of soil functions and quality. Among the methods used to assess soil structure and aggregate stability is the high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) method in which energy of hydration and entrapped air are the main forces responsible for breaking down of aggregates....
Article
Studying the effects of agricultural practices on soil aggregate and structure stability is important for the development of effective soil, water and nutrient management practices. A modified HEMC (high-energy moisture characteristic) procedure was found to be a very capable method-model for determining aggregate and structure stability in various...
Article
Soil structure stability and resistance to deformation as well as its dependence on agricultural management practices are important for the development of effective soil conservation practices in order to avoid risks of soil degradation. Aggregate stability tests are commonly used to quantitatively express soil susceptibility to deformation. We stu...
Chapter
Soil structure is the combination or arrangement of primary soil particles into secondary units that are characterized on the basis of size, shape, and grade. Stability of soil structure describes the ability of the soil to retain its arrangement of solid and pore space (i.e., aggregates and pores) when exposed to external forces (e.g., tillage, cr...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Studying the effects of agricultural practices on soil aggregate and structure stability is important for the development of effective soil, water and nutrient management practices. A modified HEMC (high-energy moisture characteristic) procedure was found to be a very capable method-model for determining aggregate and structure stability in various...
Article
Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) are capable of swelling and retain large amounts of water. Knowledge of the ability of SAPs to retain the absorbed water under evaporative conditions is less understood. We saturated four SAPs, seven soils from the semiarid areas in Northwest China (control treatments), and mixtures of 100 g of soil with 0.5 g of SAP,...
Article
Mixing cross-linked polyacrylamides with semiarid soils may increase water availability to crops. The effects of soils, sand, and superabsorbent properties on water absorption by four superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were studied. The amount of water absorbed by the SAPs in tap water increased with increasing polymer cation exchange capacity. Less wa...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Soil erosion and subsequent pollution by water from agricultural lands is still in need for better understanding and evaluating the impacts of various processes involved. We have summarized, in a systematic manner, the contribution of soil inherent properties and extrinsic conditions on soil erosion from numerous soils collected from the top cultiv...
Article
The impact of a linear, high molecular weight, moderate negative charge density polyacrylamide (PAM) on soil hydraulic conductivity (HC) and the mechanisms involved are partially understood. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of (i) electrolyte concentration of the PAM solution, (ii) mode of PAM application, and (iii) drying of the applied...
Article
Full-text available
Adding anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to soils stabilizes existing aggregates and improves bonding between and aggregation of soil particles. However, the dependence of PAM efficacy as an aggregate stabilizing agent with soils having different clay mineralogy has not been studied. Sixteen soil samples (loam or clay) with predominantly smectitic, illi...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Different tillage intensities may influence soil physical and chemical properties, distribution of nutrients and organic carbon between and within the aggregates. We studied the effect of long term (25 years) conservation tillage on structure stability and the total C and N distribution in Miami silt loam aggregates sampled from the upper 0-5 cm la...
Article
Soil-structural stability (expressed in terms of aggregate stability and pore size distribution) depends on (i) soil inherent properties, (ii) extrinsic condition prevailing in the soil that may vary temporally and spatially, and (iii) addition of soil amendments. Different soil management practices alter shrinking and swelling stresses and may enh...
Article
Full-text available
Upland soils in the midwestern United States are often ponded during the spring for days or weeks and may undergo reduction. Short-term reducing conditions change the chemistry of the soil and that may affect soil aggregation. The objective of this study was to determine how changes in the redox status of the soil under a set of controlled temperat...
Article
Full-text available
Primary particle size distribution (PSD) of eroded sediment can be used to estimate potential nutrient losses from soil and pollution hazards to the environment. We studied eroded sediment PSDs from three saturated soils, packed in trays (20 × 40 × 4 cm), that had undergone either minimal aggregate slaking (MAS) or severe aggregate slaking (SAS) pr...
Article
Full-text available
Soil surface application of dissolved linear polyacrylamide (PAM) of high molecular weight (MW) can mitigate seal formation, runoff, and erosion, especially when added with a source of electrolytes (e.g. gypsum). Practical difficulties associated with PAM solution application prohibited commercial use of PAM in dryland farming. An alternative pract...
Article
Storage and flow of water in soil voids, which are related to the size and geometry of the voids and flow rate are usually controlled by the void of the smallest size. Another reason for the complexity of water flow in soils is the intricate nature and change of the soil pores due to the modification of soil structure under different agricultural m...
Article
Upland soils in the Midwestern US often undergo reducing conditions when soils are temporally flooded during the spring and remain water saturated for days or weeks. Short-term reducing conditions change the chemistry of the soil and may affect soil structure and solution chemical transport. The effects of short-term reducing conditions on chemical...
Article
Full-text available
The favorable effects of the environmentally friendly, nontoxic, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a soil conditioner have long been established. Some uncertainties exist, however, regarding the effects of PAM molecular weight (MW) on its performance as a soil amendment and its ability to penetrate into aggregates and stabilize interior surfaces. We...
Article
Surface irrigation is the most widely used irrigation practice worldwide, but its water use efficiency is low. Interrupted supply of water to furrows may reduce intake rate (IR) upstream and improve irrigation efficiency in many soils, but has an insignificant effect in others. Similarly, intermittent supply of water in furrow irrigation reduces fu...
Article
When water flows in dry rills (or furrows), fast wetting and aggregates slaking occur. Conversely, when rain wets the surface of the soil before applying concentrated flow, slow wetting precedes the concentrated flow, and less aggregate disintegration occurs. It is hypothesized that slow wetting by tap water results in less concentrated flow erosio...
Article
Water infiltration, seal formation, runoff and erosion depend on the soil's inherent properties and surface conditions. Most erosion models consider only soil inherent properties (mainly texture) in assessing infiltration and erosion without consideration of spatial and temporary variation in the surface condition, particularly the antecedent moist...
Article
Full-text available
Soil susceptibility to seal formation and erosion depends on its inherent properties and surface conditions. Our objective was to study the interaction of two different surface conditions, antecedent moisture content (AMC) and aging duration, on seal formation and erosion in four smectitic soils. Soil samples were packed in trays and wetted with di...
Article
Full-text available
Seal formation at the soil surface during rainstorms reduces rain infiltration and leads to runoff and erosion. An increase in soil sodicity increases soil susceptibility to crusting, runoff, and erosion. Surface application of dissolved polyacrylamide (PAM) mixed with gypsum was found to be very effective in decreasing seal formation, runoff, and...
Article
Full-text available
Soil aggregate breakdown and dispersibility under rain depends on clay mineralogy. Little is known about effects of mineralogy on aggregate stability for long-term cultivated soil which was the objective of our study. Soil samples representing a range of agricultural soils (no-till and tilled) of humid and semi-arid zones with predominantly kaolini...
Article
Full-text available
Combined effects of soil conditions (wetting rate), soil sodicity, and salinity on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC) have not been studied systematically and were the objective of our study. We examined the effects of (i) exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP, 1-20) and fast wetting (50 mm h(-1)) and leaching with distilled water on the HC o...
Article
Aggregate slaking is one of the main mechanisms responsible for the breakdown of aggregates. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and electrolyte concentration (C) of the soil solution play a significant role in determining soil physical properties and the response of soil clays to dispersion and swelling. However, studies of sodicity and C effects...
Article
Seals formed at the soil surface during rainstorms reduce rain infiltration and cause runoff and erosion. Surface application of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) in solution has been found to be very effective in decreasing seal formation, runoff, and erosion. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surface application of granular...
Article
Seal formation, runoff, and erosion are controlled by soil texture, rain kinetic energy (KE), and wetting rate (WR) of soils aggregates. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of WR and rain KE in seal formation, runoff production, and erosion, in soils varying in their clay and silt content, using a drip-type rain sim...
Article
Interrill erosion depends on soil detachment and sediment transport, which are affected by seal formation and runoff. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of wetting rate (WR) on runoff and soil erosion in semi-arid Israeli soils varying in clay content and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Six soils, ranging in clay conten...
Article
Past attempts to use aggregate stability to predict soil susceptibility to seal formation indices (final infiltration rate and runoff) have yielded inconsistent results. We hypothesized that determining aggregate stability in a method in which a controlled wetting process was used to break aggregates will correlate well with seal formation indices,...
Article
Irrigation with saline water may introduce sodium into the exchange complex of soils. Exchangeable sodium deteriorates soils' structure and permeability. The susceptibility of soils to sodicity depends on 1) soil permanent properties (such as texture and mineralogy) and 2) time dependent variables such as cultivation (and time since cultivation), i...
Article
Exchangeable sodium deteriorates the hydraulic conductivity of soils. The susceptibility of soils to sodicity depends on the soils' inherent properties, and is known to increase with an increase in clay content and the presence of 2:1 clay minerals, and decrease with an increase in sesquioxides content. The objective of this study was to determine...
Article
Surface sealing is determined by aggregate disintegration and clay dispersion, which in turn depend on aggregate wetting rate, and soil sodicity and texture. We hypothesised that soil susceptibility to seal formation increases when the aggregate wetting rate (WR) is increased, and that the effect of WR depends on soil texture and soil sodicity. The...
Article
Stability of soil surface aggregates and irrigation water quality significantly affect runoff and soil erosion. Slow wetting of aggregates prevents slaking. We hypothesized that wetting rate will affect a soil's susceptibility to seal formation and soil erosion, and that this susceptibility will differ between effluent- and fresh water (FW)-irrigat...
Article
Stability of soil surface aggregates and irrigation water quality significantly affect runoff and soil erosion. Slow wetting of aggregates prevents slaking. We hypothesized that wetting rate will affect a soil's susceptibility to seal formation and soil erosion, and that this susceptibility will differ between effluent- and fresh water (FW)-irrigat...
Article
Seal formation in soils exposed to rain is determined by aggregate disintegration and clay dispersion. Aggregate disintegration is related strongly to rate of aggregate wetting, whereas dispersion is dictated by soil solution electrolyte concentration and composition at the soil surface. It has been hypothesized that the relative importance of thes...
Article
Seal formation at soil surfaces is significantly affected by raindrop kinetic energy (KE). Soil sealing enhances runoff and soil erosion. It has been hypothesized that in soils exposed to rain (i) runoff and interrill erosion levels in soils previously irrigated with effluents differ from those in soils previously irrigated with fresh water (FW), a...
Article
Seal formation at soil surfaces is significantly affected by raindrop kinetic energy (KE). We hypothesized that the deterioration in seal permeability of soils irrigated with effluents, relative to that of soils irrigated with fresh water (FW), is affected by raindrop KE. The effects of four droplet KE levels (3.6, 8.0, 12.4, and 15.9 kJ m 3 ) on t...