A. Adeli

• PhD
• Researcher at United States Department of Agriculture

Implementing an integrated system of reduced tillage and cover cropping holds promising potential for enhancing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the southeast, where soils are eroded and low in organic matter. A 4‐year field study was conducted on a Leeper silty clay loam at the Plant Science Center at Mississippi State University to in...

Agricultural management practices can affect soil aggregate stability and resistance to erosion. A four‐field experiment near Pontotoc, MS, investigated the integration effects of poultry litter and inorganic fertilizer N with soil amendments and winter cover crop on upland soil aggregate stability and erodibility at 0‐ to 15‐cm and 15‐ to 30‐cm de...

The effect of soil carbon on the available water content (AWC) has garnered considerable attention. An increasing number of studies have recognized a beneficial impact of soil organic matter (SOM) on available water content (AWC); however, results are not consistent regarding the magnitude of soil organic carbon (SOC) effect on AWC. In particular,...

Salt stress is a major environmental factor that affects maize production. The impact of salt stress during the early vegetative stage inhibits growth and development. In this study, two maize hybrids, A6659 and P1316, were subjected to five salinity treatments with electrical conductivity 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 dS m−1 for 28 days. A total of 26 traits...

Uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) provide high temporal and spatial resolution information for crop health monitoring and informed management decisions to improve yields. However, traditional in-season yield prediction methodologies are often inconsistent and inaccurate due to variations in soil types and environmental factors. This study aimed to ide...

Agroecosystems, accounting for more than one-third of arable land worldwide, play an essential role in the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. The development of agricultural practices, which maximize soil C sequestration from the atmosphere, is receiving growing attention due to the recognition of agroecosystems’ great potential to serve as sinks of atm...

Measuring and assessing soil properties is critical for understanding how changes in agronomic practices affect the capability of soil to support cropping systems. A field study was conducted on a Marietta silt loam soil at the Plant Science Center at Mississippi State University to determine the effects of pelleted biosolids (PBS) relative to poul...

Soil health assessment tools are needed to quantify effectiveness of various agricultural practices toward meeting sustainable development goals. Although several soil health tools have been developed and tested through global soil management research, ease of use and site-specific accuracy for farmers and agronomists needs to be optimized. This co...

Pelleted biosolids (PBS) can be used as a low-cost nutrient source alternative to conventional fertilizers for row crop production. A field study was conducted on a Marietta loam at the Plant Science Center at Mississippi State to determine the response of row crops to PBS relative to poultry litter (PL) and inorganic fertilizer N in the presence/a...

Few studies were conducted to ascertain poultry litter (PL) and its residual influence on soil physical and hydrological properties. A field study was conducted on a sandy loam soil for 8 yr in corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations at Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Stati...

Nutrient losses through leaching and surface runoff are the main problems in no-till upland soils in Mississippi. A two-year study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 on an Atwood silt loam soil to evaluate the impact of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop (WCC) in no-till dryland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) received poultry litter (PL) on...

Soil nitrogen dynamics is affected by the interaction of cover crops and rainfall amount and distribution in rainfed agricultural production systems. There is a lack of understanding on soil nitrogen losses from cover crop-based based cropping systems receiving different rainfall amounts. A simulation model, RZWQM2 (Root Zone Water Quality Model),...

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay fields receiving broiler litter offer a means to both produce high quality forage and export excess manure nutrients, for example P. This 3‐yr study determined the nutritive value, P removal, and soil P for ‘Russell’ and ‘Tifton 44’ bermudagrass receiving 4 ton ac⁻¹ broiler litter and 98 lb ac⁻¹ N (as...

Upland soils marginal in organic matter, low in soil quality, vulnerable to water and nutrient losses. This study was conducted to determine whether the integration of winter cover crops and soil amendments into no-till cropping systems improve upland soil quality. The effects of winter cover crops (WCCs), broiler litter (BL) and flue gas desulfuri...

Keeping soil healthy as a medium that can supply adequate nutrients for plant growth is essential for sustainable agriculture. Large amounts of poultry litter are generated on commercial poultry farms in the southeastern United States. While applying poultry litter generally enhances soil nutrients and crop productivity, few studies have investigat...

A field study was conducted on upland soils for six years to determine interactive effects of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop, organic and inorganic soil amendments on grain yields and nutrient utilizations in a no-till corn (Zea mays)-soybean (Glycine max) rotation. Experimental design was a split-plot arrangement with four replicat...

Core Ideas Applying poultry litter to the top of cover crop residue increased lint yield in drier years. This practice enhanced cotton lint yield, soil C, and soil health. This practice reduced NO3–N and water‐soluble P by 49 and 22% in 5‐cm soil depth, a zone of plant–soil–water interactions. The influence of poultry litter (PL) and cover crops h...

Coal mining can be deleterious to the soil physical and chemical makeup, but also to the soil microbial community. Effectively, the removal of nearly all organic matter from the upper soil horizons reduces the effectiveness of any soil to support vegetation, and up until recently, microbial community parameters were not considered in the successful...

Incorporating cover crops into row crop production systems can affect soil water dynamics and crop production. However, the effect of this practice has not been well investigated in the northeast Mississippi USA. We calibrated and validated the cropping system model (Root Zone Water Quality Model, RZWQM2) using 4-yr (2014–2017) field data in the hu...

The response of soil chemical, physical, and biological properties to subsurface band and surface broadcast applications of pelletized poultry litter (PPL) to row crops has not been well documented in Mississippi agroecosystems. This study was conducted in a no-till system on Caledonia silt loam and in a conventional tillage system on Marietta loam...

During surface mining and subsequent reclamation efforts, physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils are disturbed. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of age chronosequence on soil physical property and microbial activity in chronosequence reclaimed sites covering successional ages in the ranges 1, 4, 8, 11, and 13 years unde...

BACKROUND Mississippi Blackland Prairie, located in the northeast Mississippi state of the United States, covers approximately 14% (25.4 × 10 4 ha) of the state total crop land (Fig. 1A). Soybean and corn area accounts for 11% and 35% of the Mississippi's total crop land. Mean annual precipitation from 1937-2017 was ~1,400 mm, approximately 60% of...

Core Ideas A low to moderate N rate is a best management practice after cessation of pelletized poultry litter. This best management practice optimized leaf area, N removal, and lint yield, while reducing input costs. This best management practice reduced soil nitrate levels in the top 30 cm after harvest by approximately 61%. Nitrogen carryover f...

Core Ideas The impact of harvest management on forage nutritive value is vital to farm income. Results validate management practices commonly used but heretofore without statistical basis. Bermudagrass P removal maximized with prolonged harvest interval and short stubble height. Forage nutritive value was similar between stubble heights when harves...

Agronomic management is aimed at managing the crop environment to maximize crop yield, but soil biology is often ignored. This study aimed to compare the application of poultry litter via broadcast and subsurface banding versus standard inorganic fertilizer to cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) and their effects on soil bacterial populations and fecal...

Core Ideas We investigated the characteristics of rainwater deficit using 122 years' weather data. We determined irrigation demand for soybean, corn, and cotton in the previous 122 years. We estimated the water requirements of soybean, corn, and cotton in east‐central Mississippi. We developed a soil water and irrigation management model with STELL...

The Mississippi Delta is an important agricultural area, producing 67% of the soybean, corn, and cotton grown in the state of Mississippi. Because irrigation can stabilize and increase crop yields and economic returns, approximately 80% of the water withdrawn from the alluvial aquifer is used for irrigation. This region is experiencing severe decli...

Substantial amount of applied nutrients can be leached in low organic matter soils. The objective of this study was to determine if the leaching losses of nutrients could be reduced by increasing soil organic matter. In an undisturbed soil column study, fresh and composted broiler litter in the presence or absence of flue gas desulfurization (FGD)...

It is often necessary to find a simpler method in different climatic regions to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) since the application of the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method is often restricted due to the unavailability of a comprehensive weather dataset. Seven ETo methods, namely the standard FAO-56Penman-Monteith, the FAO-24 Radiat...

Jussiaea repens (L.) leaf ethanol extract (LEE) and its major phyto-compound (MPC) have effects against larvae and adults of dengue, malarial, and filarial vectors. Total larval death rates were recorded from LEE and MPC has significant larval killing activity with LC50/LC90 values of Ae. albopictus, An. stephensi, and Cx. quinquefasciatus that wer...

With increased interest to conserve groundwater resources without reducing crop yield potential, more on-farm water storage ponds have been constructed in recent years in USA and around the world. However, the hydrological processes, water budget, and environmental benefits and consequences of these ponds have not yet been fully quantified. This st...

Core Ideas The nutrient value of broiler litter in tall fescue was compared with NPK fertilizer. Nutrient uptake was similar between a summer‐dormant and two summer‐active ecotypes. Flecha summer‐dormant produced more forage in early season that was less digestible. A rate of 9.0 Mg litter per ha appeared to optimize forage yield and nutritive valu...

The inability to incorporate broiler litter (BL) into permanent hayfields and pastures leads to nutrient accumulation near the soil surface and increases the potential transport of nutrients in runoff. This study was conducted on Marietta silt loam soil to determine the effect of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and lignite on P, N, C, and mic...

This study was initiated in 2005 at the Plant Material Center, NRCS, in Coffeeville MS, on an eroded Loring silt loam soil with 1–3% slope to determine the effects of broiler litter with tillage and cropping systems on improving soil quality and crop production. A randomized complete block design with three replications and split-plot arrangement o...

AimRapid and efficient utilization of swine (Sus scrofa domestucus) lagoon effluent nitrogen (N) by crops is necessary to minimize N losses and environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to determine the dynamics and fate of effluent N applied to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers.) using 15N tracer technology as influenced by i...

Knowledge of soybean yield constraints under rainfed conditions on major soil types in East Central Mississippi would assist growers in the region to effectively utilize the benefits of water/irrigation management. The objectives of this study were to use the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) agro-ecosystem model to simulate rainfed...

Soybean is generally grown under rainfed conditions in a humid region, Mississippi, USA. In order to determine how much maximum yield could be increased by irrigation, it is crucial to investigate the yield potential (Yp) without any drought stress and yield gap (Yg, between Yp and rainfed yield (Yw)). Further, it is also important to determine the...

Alternative management of broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus ) litter in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) production is needed to enhance soil fertility, crop nutrient utilization, and lint yield. This 4‐yr study compared the growth, lint yield, and soil quality in cotton production systems fertilized with pelletized poultry litter (PPL) subs...

The implementation of nutrient management plans for confined animal feeding operations requires recording N and P loads from land-applied manure, including nutrients applied in irrigation water from manure treatment lagoons. By regulation, lagoon irrigation water nutrient records in Mississippi must be based on at least one lagoon water nutrient an...

Conventional commercial broiler production involves the rearing of more than 20,000 broilers in a single confined space for approximately 6.5 wk. This environment is known for harboring pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but studies have focused on previously established houses with mature litter microbial populations. In the current stud...

Trend analysis and estimation of monthly and annual precipitation, reference evapotranspiration ETo, and rainfall deficit are essential for water-resources management and cropping-system design. Rainfall, ETo, and water-deficit patterns and trends at Macon in eastern Mississippi for a 120-yr period (1894-2014) were analyzed for annual, seasonal, an...

Disposition of mortalities challenges confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), especially sow (farrowing) farms, which experience mortalities daily. Regulations and transportation costs may preclude incineration, landfill burial, and rendering; therefore, swine CAFOs in Mississippi in the Mid-South U.S. often compost mortalities. In this study,...

Knowledge of the fate of manure N is important to effectively manage it and minimize its environmental impact. The system model RZWQM2 was calibrated and evaluated using 3 yr of data to simulate the mineralization and fate of fall- and spring-applied poultry litter N. Litter (18 Mg ha-1) and, for comparison, NH4NO3 (202 kg N ha-1) were applied in f...

The objectives of this study are to investigate distribution of trace elements and heavy metals in the salt marsh and wetland soil and biogeochemical processes in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve of the northern Gulf of Mexico. The results show that Hg, Cd and to some extent, As and Pb have been significantly accumulated in soils....

In-house litter composting has been reintroduced to the industry and shown to reduce bacteria by as much as 2 orders of magnitude. Other industries have demonstrated that pathogens can recolonize a waste-residual when microbial competition has been reduced or inhibited following composting. Poultry growers, in the process of shifting to in-house co...

Broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter may have long-lasting plant growth benefits after application is terminated. This study determined residual effects of pelletized litter applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on yield and nutrient utilization of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Treatments were replicated three times. Treatments include...

The effect of composted litter relative to fresh litter on leaching losses of nutrients has not been well documented. Fresh and composted broiler litter was surface-applied to bermudagrass (hay) [ (L.) Pers.] established in undisturbed soil columns based on N need of the grass in the presence or absence of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum to e...

Using poultry litter responsibly in cool-season/bermudagrass [Cynodon dadylon (L.) Pers.] production systems may require supplemental N fertilization. This study determined if productivity in binary mixtures of tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.)Dumort] and bermudagrass could be improved through applying litter and fertilizer N to coinc...

The environmental influence of farm management in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) can yield vast changes to the microbial biota and ecological structure of both the pig and waste manure lagoon wastewater. While some of these changes may not be negative, it is possible that CAFOs can enrich antibiotic resistant bacteria or pathogens ba...

A sampler was needed for a spatial and temporal study of microbial and chemical stratification in a large swine manure lagoon that was known to contain zoonotic bacteria. Conventional samplers were limited to collections of surface water samples near the bank or required a manned boat. A new sampler was developed to allow simultaneous collection of...

Poultry producers in the United States have begun using different types of bedding materials in production houses. Release into the environment of nutrients from applied poultry litter (PL) made with different bedding materials has not been investigated, and little information is available on nutrient concentrations in soils that receive broiler li...

Whether the yield reduction risk in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fertilized with fall-applied poultry litter, relative to springapplied litter, in regions with warm falls or winters can be minimized by applying the litter in subsurface bands along with a winter cover crop is unknown. A field study was conducted in Mississippi to determine whether...

Animal waste in Mississippi is typically disposed of by application on subtropical forage grasses, but yield data using this management on napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is lacking. Napiergrass is a dual-purpose, perennial forage and bioenergy crop candidate for the lower southeastern USA. Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to...

Recently poultry producers in the USA have begun using different types of bedding materials based on their costs and availabilities in production houses. Release into the environment of contaminants from applied poultry litter (PL) made with different bedding materials to pasture and forages has not been investigated, and little information is avai...

The effectiveness of fall-or winter-applied poultry litter, relative to spring-applied litter, as row crop fertilizer in the southern and southeastern United States has not been well researched. A 3-yr field study was conducted in northern Mississippi to determine the effectiveness of litter as corn (Zea mays L.) fertilizer and quantify loss of its...

Surface mining drastically disturbs landscapes and soil properties. Reclamation can restore and improve soil quality and biomass productivity. Time required for soil reclamation to restore soil quality to premined conditions in southeastern United States is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate chronosequence effects on restoration q...

Surface broadcast of broiler litter to no-till row crops exposes the litter and its nutrients to risks of loss in runoff water and volatilization and may limit the potential benefit of litter to the crops. Subsurface banding of litter could alleviate these risks. A field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009 on an upland Falkner silt loam soil to de...

Soil sampling guidelines do not exist for fields fertilized with solid manures applied in bands. The objective of this work was to describe the distribution of mineral nutrients and total C and propose a method of taking soil samples that represent the fertility level of a field following manure application in narrow bands below the soil surface. S...

Increasing costs associated with inorganic fertilizer have led to widespread use of broiler litter. Proper land application, typically limiting nutrient loss, is essential to protect surface water. This study was designed to evaluate litter-borne microbial runoff (heterotrophic plate count bacteria, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and...

Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) often use anaerobic lagoons for manure treatment. In the USA, swine CAFO lagoon water is used for crop irrigation that is regulated by farm-specific nutrient management plans (NMPs). Implementation of stricter US environmental regulations in 2013 will set soil P limits; impacting land applications of manur...

Regulation of a heavy metal such as zinc (Zn) throughout a plant has been attributed to the Zn transporter gene ZNT1 and other members of the larger ZIP transporter family. However, genes have not been characterized in a high-biomass, perennial, woody species, such as poplar (Populus trichocarpa). The poplar genome was searched for ZIP transporter...

Broiler litter is generally land applied by surface broadcasting, a practice that exposes litter nutrients to volatilization and surface runoff losses potentially contaminate environment. Placing litter in narrow bands below the soil surface may eliminate such losses but this practice has not been evaluated. Field experiments were conducted in 2008...

The residual effect of broiler litter on soil properties is not well documented. Field studies were conducted in Coffeeville on an Ariel silt loam soil and Cruger on a Dubbs silt loam soil to evaluate the residual effect of repeated broiler litter application to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on soil properties. Broiler litter was applied at 0, 2.2...

Poultry litter is a superior fertilizer for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in some soils, but whether this superiority is related with its ability to supply multiple mineral nutrients has not been well investigated in the field. The objective of this research was to determine if the yield increasing effect of litter relative to inorganic...

Heavy metal accumulation in the environment poses great risks to flora and fauna. However, monitoring sites prone to accumulation poses scale and economic challenges. In this study, we present and test a method for monitoring these sites using fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) change in response to zinc (Zn) accumulation in plants as a p...

In Mississippi, spent poultry litter is used as fertilizer. Nutrient and bacterial levels in litter and nutrient levels in litter-fertilized (L+) soil are known, but less is known of bacterial levels in L+ soil. This study compared contiguous L+ and non-litter-fertilized (L-) soils comprising 15 soil types on five farms in April through May 2009. L...

Perennial woody species, such as poplar (Populus spp.) must acquire necessary heavy metals like zinc (Zn) while avoiding potential toxicity. Poplar contains genes with sequence homology to genes HMA4 and PCS1 from other species which are involved in heavy metal regulation. While basic genomic conservation exists, poplar does not have a hyperaccumul...

Surface application of broiler litter to no-till cotton could lead to degradation of water quality. Incorporation of broiler litter into the top surface soil (0.05 m) could alleviate this risk. A 2-yr field study was conducted on a silt loam upland soil to determine the effect of incorporation of broiler litter into the soil surface on nutrient and...

The magnitude of soil nutrients derived from poultry litter that carryover to succeeding seasons and the possibility to decrease litter rates applied to soils with only a few years of application history is not well understood. The objective of this research was to determine and quantify the potential carryover effect of moderate broiler litter fer...

Increasing interest of using broiler litter in the fall for row crops has implications for leaching losses of nutrients, particularly N. Any cultural practice that prevents nutrient losses could be agronomically beneficial and improve soil fertility. A field study was conducted in 2007 and 2008 on Leeper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, t...

Supplementary Table S4. Proteins identified in poplar (P. deltoides) stem apoplast using 2-D LC MS/MS.

Supplementary Table S3. Proteins identified in poplar (P. deltoides) stem apoplast using 2-D PAGE MS/MS.

Supplementary Figure S3. Cluster analysis of year-round expression profiles of genes corresponding to 139 leaf apoplast proteins shown in Figure 4A. The log2 fold-change (FC) is shown on the left. Dotted lines (black) denote the expression profiles of individual genes, whereas the solid lines (red) represent the mean expression for the cluster. For...

Supplementary Figure S1. 2-D protein reference maps of P. deltoides leaf and stem apoplast. (A) Leaf apoplast proteins (1 mg) were resolved on 2-D PAGE and visualized with colloidal Coomassie Blue G-250 stain. Corresponding proteins in spots with numbers are given in additional file 2: Table S1. Protein molecular weights are shown in kilodaltons (k...

Supplementary Table S1. Proteins identified in poplar (P. deltoides) leaf apoplast using 2-D PAGE MS/MS.

Supplementary Table S2. Proteins identified in poplar (P. deltoides) leaf apoplast using 2-D LC MS/MS.

Supplementary Table S7. List of poplar apoplast proteins and corresponding transcripts and their expression levels in publicly available poplar (Populus spp.) microarray data obtained from stressed poplar tissues [59,60,141,142]. Dpi, Days Post Infection; Mlp, Melampsora larici-populina; Mmd, Melampsora medusae f. sp. deltoidae.

Supplementary Figure S6. Phylogenetic analysis of peroxidases from various plant species, including the poplar apoplast peroxidases. Protein sequences of 18 poplar apoplastic POXs and 30 deduced amino acid sequences for the following POXs from other species were used for phylogenetic analysis: Arabidopsis At5g06720 (A. thaliana AtPA2; Q42578), Arab...

Supplementary Table S8. N-terminal sequencing of proteins from three spots (83, 87, and 88) on leaf apoplast 2-D gels. Letters correspond to amino acids. Dashes indicate undetermined residues.

Supplementary Figure S7. Using qRT-PCR, the transcript stability of potential internal control genes was determined using leaf tissues of the hybrid poplar clone NM6 (P. nigra X P. maximowiczii) challenged with the isolates of M. medusae f. sp. deltoidae (Mmd) and M. laricipopulina (Mlp).

Supplementary Figure S4. Validation of microarray data via qRT-PCR using leaves from two other sexually mature P. deltoides trees (Tree 1 and Tree 2), predictive significance (p-value) and relationship strength (R2 value) with microarray intensity values. (A) Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (POPTR_0002s07290.1): For Tree 1, p = 0.007 and R2 = 0.54; For Tre...

Supplementary Figure S2. Staining of leaf apoplast proteins to identify post-translational modifications. (A) Leaf apoplast proteins stained with ProQ-Emerald 488 (left panel) to detect glycosylated proteins. The same gel was post-stained with SYPRO Ruby (right panel) to visualize all proteins. Boxed spots annotated with letters indicate glycosylat...

Supplementary Table S5. Clusters of year-round expression profiles of genes corresponding to 139 leaf apoplast proteins and their functional annotation.

Supplementary Figure S5. Phylogenetic analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase proteins in poplar (POPTR) and Arabidopsis thaliana (At). Poplar leaf (POPTR_0005s06140.1 and POPTR_0002s07290.1 in purple) and root (POPTR_0008s16150.1 in red) apoplast alcohol dehydrogenases fall into different clades.

Supplementary Table S6. Modeling leaf, shoot, and root apoplast proteomics data into regulatory networks and pathways via Pathway Studio using prior knowledge. This pathway contains treatments, primary proteins, effect of primary proteins, and secondary effect leading back to another protein or small molecule. Proteins are referenced by their prote...

Supplementary Table S9. List of primers that were used for qRT-PCR analyses.

Riverine ecosystems, highly sensitive to climate change and human activities, are characterized by rapid environmental change to fluctuating water levels and siltation, causing stress on their biological components. We have little understanding of mechanisms by which riverine plant species have developed adaptive strategies to cope with stress in d...

A 3-year study was conducted to determine the effects of broiler litter relative to inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrient content and quality in an upland Loring silt loam soil. Treatments included annual broiler litter rates of 0, 2.2, 4.5, 5.6, 6.7, 10.1, and 13.4 Mg ha-1 y-1 and commercial fertilizer rates of 34, 68, 90, 112, 134, and 168 kg nit...

Swine (Sus scofa domestica) lagoon effluent is a valuable resource. In the U.S. Mid-South it is applied from April to September to fertilize grass hay in spray-irrigated fields. Lagoon levels of nutrients and bacteria, and soil levels of nutrients have been documented, but little was known of effluent bacterial levels in soil. The present study exa...

More than 80% of broiler (chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus) litter produced annually is applied as a plant nutrient source, particularly for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), to pastures. However, N losses during the process of litter N mineralization limit availability of N to crops. This study determined broiler litter N and P availability and ap...

Estimates of litter value based on crop yield equivalency to inorganic fertilization may reflect the actual value of litter more accurately than estimates based on its N, P, and K content. The primary objective of this research was to identify a rate of broiler litter that results in cotton lint yield equivalent to inorganic N fertilization and to...