What is the proxy of black money ? how can I estimate the black money transferred to abroad?

Perceived risk of investment, frequent investment withdrawals, etc.

The severity of the 2007-2009 financial crisis, just like the emerging market crises of the 1990s, has raised the question as to whether modern liberalized financial markets are more of a curse than a blessing. In theory, liberalized financial markets should allow efficient risk - sharing. Some research works have shown that financial integration leads to a lower degree of business cycle synchronization. It is also argued that proximity to major international financial centers seems to reduce business cycle volatility. But many find that theoretical predictions of risk-sharing benefits are not supported by the data.

I am working on an empirical analysis of the post-cold war international order from a multidimensional perspective, and I would like to capture the possible evolution of the "global system" and how countries fit into it. Some proxies would be i.e. Military expenditure, CO2 emissions, global inequality.

Some scholars argued that the practice of IRR (and PER) by Islamic banks could misled users of financial information, where, shifting of profits to/from the reserves accounts will not show the real performance of respective organization, and this will create moral hazards problem. Agree? 

For the last 70 years we have been conducting research on waste management,either of industrial,the domestic or the agricultural.Did we achieve anything to tell the nation that could be used for adoring  as a policy matter.And if not how many years  our beloved scientists would need to find out the technology that would help the nation  to get rid of such issues pending for the lat years despite billions of funds have been used   over such working.

From "assembly required" furniture, to having to enter all my information on a computer terminal at UPS before the attendant will take my package, not to mention computerized training and labyrinthine online searches and forms to buy airline tickets and get reservations, much of our lives are now spent doing work formerly done by the companies who supposedly serve us. Each offload increases their productivity, but is not counted against ours, even when done on work time and required by our employers, as far as I know.

I have recently done work on how productivity affects the macro economy, monetary policy, interest rates, and inflation/deflation, so I think the subject is of some importance. But I cannot determine whether offloading has been studied or what the magnitude of it is or how it is reported. The net result in national productivity seems to me to potentially be negative, because I cannot check out my grocery cart nearly as fast as the professional clerk. When I do a search with terms like customer or consumer paired with productivity, I get nothing relevant.

Does someone know of studies in this field? Any related comments and opinions are welcome.