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Discussion
Started 2 September 2022
Why the students of Astrophysics are not trained in Theory of Elasticity for handling stresses and strains in Solid Iron Stellar Cores?
I agree that Astrophysics is a multidisciplinary field and that students of Astrophysics are taught many subjects from diverse fields. For example Astrophysics curriculum covers mathematics, relativity, statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, radiation, lasers, electronics, optics etc. etc. But I am perplexed to find that neither Astrophysics text books nor the study curriculum of Astrophysicists cover theory of elasticity in general or working out stresses and strains in solid bodies in particular.
An obvious answer of most learned readers may be that Astrophysicists are not required to deal with solid bodies throughout their career and hence are not required to study theory of elasticity or to learn working out stresses and strains in solid bodies.
Actually however, the situation is other way around. Since Astrophysicists do not study theory of elasticity and do not know how to work out stresses and strains in very large spherical solid bodies under self-gravitation, they erroneously make them collapse under self-gravitation into black holes, thereby misleading the whole scientific community.
None of the current models of stellar core collapse make any attempt to compute the magnitude of STRESSES in the SOLID iron cores actually produced in massive stars at the end of their fusion burning stage.
As per current models when a solid iron core becomes degenerate, the degenerate electrons get freed from their parent iron atoms leaving behind 'positive ions' of iron. When the positive ions start falling towards the center of the core under gravity, the high energy degenerate electrons are SUPPOSED to push these ions outwards by their degeneracy pressure to counter the effect of gravity. However, to impart an outward push to the falling ions, the high energy degenerate electrons will have to exchange their momentum with the falling ions through elastic collisions. But the high energy electrons cannot exchange their momentum with positive ions through elastic collisions because of their electrostatic interactions and hence can never provide the so-called electron degeneracy pressure in stellar cores to counter the effect of gravity.
The main reason for ASSUMING the electron degeneracy pressure in solid iron stellar cores is the implied belief that a cooled down stellar core cannot maintain its Hydrostatic equilibrium in the absence of adequate thermal pressure and that nothing else can stop the gravitational collapse of such cores. Therefore, the constituents of a solid stellar core are first ASSUMED to be non-interacting for applying Hydrostatic equilibrium equations and then the electrons and ions are again ASSUMED to be non-interacting for invoking the electron degeneracy pressure to support the pull of gravity.
Hence, it turns out that all stellar cores which are said to be degenerate, where some sort of degeneracy pressure is invoked to prevent their gravitational collapse under Hydrostatic equilibrium conditions, are in fact SOLID stellar cores which acquire their stability through Equilibrium equations of elasticity. In current models, the stresses in a solid iron stellar core are never analyzed as a SOLID body under self-gravitation, by using the Equilibrium equations of elasticity. By taking into account the electromagnetic interactions among electrons, protons and ions we can show that the high density stellar cores transform into gravity induced solid state which can support the gravitational loading through development of radial and hoop stresses.
All replies (3)
Dear Gurcharn Singh Sandhu ,
The students of Astrophysics are not trained in the Theory of Elasticity for handling stresses and strains in Solid Iron Stellar Cores because this theory easily can be demonstrated which is very erroneous... The inner core of stars is not made from solid iron (iron-nickel)
And as you pointed out gravitational collapse is a nonphysical phenomenon... That is why your assumption is correct that does not exist black holes because does not exists such a natural condition that permits their existence. Rather, it is possible to assume that there are black stars that are similar to terrestrial planets...
The formation of black holes goes against the well-known thermodynamic laws.
Because I've probably got such an electromagnetic gravity theory of gravity that can be used to prove the existence of the graviton... and I am absolutely sure that the graviton exists... And if the graviton exists it seems that black holes of modern science does not exist.
Some explanations can be seen at the next project:
Regards,
Laszlo
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Defence Research and Development Organisation
Dear László Attila Horváth ,
Thanks for your response and I respect your opinion.
You wrote : "...The inner core of stars is not made from solid iron (iron-nickel)"
Stars of mass greater than ten solar masses, go through various stages of core and shell fusion of heavier elements finally ending with a core of iron. These iron stellar cores are normally surrounded by fusion shells of Si, O, C, He and H. The quasi-equilibrium Si shell fusion continues to grow the iron cores up to certain limit. Under high pressure and density environment prevailing in stellar cores, the mean separation between two adjacent iron atoms or ions will be much less than the normal free size of iron atoms. This leads to grid locking of these atoms or ions in a lattice structure.
In situations of very high core densities, atoms and ions will occupy relatively fixed positions and may experience thermal vibrations about their mean positions. When the mean separation distance between ions is less than the normal mean size of their parent atoms, of the order of Bohr radius or less, the electrostatic repulsion between the ions will force them into a lattice gridlock, leading to a solid state. In a solid state, particles maintain their normal separations through mutual interactions and cannot move past one another. It must however, be kept in mind that this is not a ‘naturally’ or freely occurring solid state but a ‘forced’ solid state brought about under extreme gravitational loading in a stellar core.
This has been explained in greater detail in section III. "Invalidity of Electron Degeneracy Pressure Model" and section IV. "Final Solid State of all High-density Stellar Cores" in my paper titled, "Stellar Core Collapse Models are Erroneous and Misleading".
In a solid state the mutually interacting constituent particles are mostly at rest, apart from some thermal vibrations about their mean positions. The mean positions of these solid-state particles constitute some sort of geometric pattern, a lattice structure. When some external force is applied to one or more of these lattice particles, the mutual separation distances between the adjacent particles in the vicinity will slightly change so as to produce additional reaction forces just to balance the externally applied force. This slight change in separation distances, which implies a slight change in the lattice structure, can be described as slight deformation of the lattice structure. If the externally applied force is now removed, the change or the deformation in the lattice structure will also get eliminated and this characteristic of the lattice structure can be described as elasticity of the solid ensemble of interacting particles. In fact, quantification of the magnitude and direction of the deformation by a displacement vector produces the best characterization of the elastic nature of the solid. Thus, central regions of all stellar cores will physically constitute a solid state. Stresses induced in such cores due to self-gravitation can only be analyzed by study of its displacement vector field through equilibrium equations of elasticity and not by hydrostatic equilibrium equations of the kinetic theory.
Best Regards
Gurcharn
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