Question
Asked 8 April 2025

Why does pH decrease during contaminant degradation in my hybrid hydrodynamic cavitation/non thermal plasma reactor but increase without contaminants?

I am using a hybrid reactor that hybridizes non-thermal plasma with hydrodynamic cavitation for water purification (more informations here: 10.1038/s41598-024-57038-6; 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00266). During experiments aimed at degrading organic contaminants, I usually observe a decrease in the pH of the recirculating water over time. Interestingly, when no organic contaminants are present, the pH of the water tends to increase, both in tap water and distilled water. The system operates under recirculating conditions, and the plasma generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). I always assumed that the pH decrease was ascribed to nitric acid production and oxidation byproducts such as low MW organic acids. However, I'm currently testing the production of nitrates but despite their formation, the water pH increases. Could the differences in observed pH trends be attributed to the formation of acidic or basic intermediates, or other effects related to the interaction of plasma-generated species with organic matter? Any guidance or similar experiences would be greatly appreciated.

Most recent answer

Henrik Rasmus Andersen
Technical University of Denmark
How does the reactive species interact with CO2?

All Answers (5)

Henrik Rasmus Andersen
Technical University of Denmark
What is the contaminant you oxidise in your experiment with formation of nitrates?
1 Recommendation
Federico Verdini
University of Turin
Thank you for answering! I am treating only water inside the reactor.
Henrik Rasmus Andersen
Technical University of Denmark
OK. I didn't read carefully and thought that if it is just water there is no nitrogen to make nitrate from.
Then you say the water is clean it might be that it contain an oversaturation with CO2 which your treatment remove from solution as can happen both for tap and distilled water. As carbonic acid is removed the pH rise.
I normal wastewater I agree with your mechanism for decreasing pH from formation of organic acids and in some cases strong acids connected to formation nitrite and nitrate.
Rafah Talal
University of Tikrit
In a hybrid hydrodynamic cavitation and non-thermal plasma reactor, the observed change in pH depends on whether organic contaminants are present or not.
1. When contaminants are present:
Reactive species like hydroxyl radicals (•OH), generated by cavitation and plasma, attack and degrade organic pollutants.
This degradation process often leads to the formation of low molecular weight organic acids, such as formic acid or acetic acid.
The accumulation of these acidic byproducts results in a decrease in pH.
2. When contaminants are absent:
In the absence of organic matter, the reactive species may interact with water or dissolved gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂).
These reactions can lead to the removal of CO₂ (which normally forms carbonic acid in water), thereby reducing the acidity.
As a result, the pH may increase slightly due to the reduction in acid formation.
Henrik Rasmus Andersen
Technical University of Denmark
How does the reactive species interact with CO2?

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