Who was the first to suggest the CECE process?

According to that article (I think since I don't speak German), Jeller was a professor between 1908 and 1931. Hansgirg developed carbothermic reduction on a laboratory scale in 1928! This photo was taken between 1942 and 1947.

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https://www.google.com.ar/patents/US5591319

Velina Slavova

New Bulgarian University

Olena V. Sukhova

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Barry Turner

William A.P. Wimbledon

University of Bristol

Eugene F Kislyakov

Belarusian State University

Tom Venetianer

Business School São Paulo (FGV)

Bill, according to this page (of the US patent Office):

there are three patent owners of the CECE process and the patent was registered by Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited, back in 1995

It seems that Fritz J. Hansgirg invented the high-purity magnesium extraction process

This is a link to that story:

http://www.dcbureau.org/201306258778/national-security-news-service/hungnam-north-korea-delving-into-pyongyangs-long-nuclear-past.html

Regards

Tom

http://www.dcbureau.org/201306258778/national-security-news-service/hungnam-north-korea-delving-into-pyongyangs-long-nuclear-past.html

You linked to MY story on Hansgirg! Yes, he was involved in magnesium production but he also invented the CECE process here >> https://www.google.com/patents/US2156851?dq=Heavy+water+Hansgirg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0RZzVamQMIKlgwT52oLIBw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA

From what I understand, not being a chemist, Hansgirg's process is the CECE process without wet-proof catalysts, So he only considered gaseous water on a catalyst of nickel or platinum_on_carbon. I also understand that a wet-proof catalyst would allow the chemical exchange between hydrogen and LIQUID WATER, which would make the process "so much easier." But this was decades before wet-proof catalysts were invented, so he worked with what he had..

Ruediger Burkhard Richter

Independent Researcher

Dear Bill (Mr Streifer),

I found evidence, that Dr. Fritz Johann Hansgirg has developed the carbothermic magnesium process at the Montanuniversität Leoben (the Austrian Mining University), which is not far away from Graz. Obviously there he was called Hans Hansgirg. Hans, in Austria is the common short form of Johann. Therefore he is mentioned there as Dr. H. Hansgirg (attached).

kind regards

Ruediger

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Ruediger,

Yes, Hansgirg invented the carbothermic reduction of magnesium process. And Graz is where he was born and where he received his Ph.D. And his full name is Fritz Johann Hansgirg.

Bill

Ruediger Burkhard Richter

Independent Researcher

Bill,

Did you know, that he developed the process at the Montanuniverstät Leoben? That was the key information!

Ruediger

Ruediger,

Sorry for the late response (apparently researchgate.net doesn't inform me of new posts).

No, I didn't know he developed the process at the Montanuniverstät Leoben. His first pilot plant to use the process was in 1934 at Radenthein, Austria.

I'm writing his biography (http://www.my-jia.com/index.html) mainly because he invented the heavy water process used at Norsk Hydro, (now) North Korea, Japan, and in Canada during WWII.

Bill

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Why and how did Hindu-Arabic numerals modify Egyptian fraction number representations?

How many are aware that Greeks ciphered numerals onto Ionian and Doric alphabets while scaling rational numbers n/p by LCM m/m such that mn/mp was concisely converted to a unit fraction series by finding the best divisors of denominator mp that summed to numerator mn:

3 answers

Asked 7 August 2014

Milo Gardner

http://planetmath.org/arabicnumerals

and after 800 AD Arabs taught Fibonacci to write unciphered numerals and scaled rational numbers n/p by subtracting LCM 1/m?

For example, Greek 4/13 (4/4) = 16/52 = (13 + 2 + 1)/52 = 1/4 + 1/26 + 1/52

and Arabs and Fibonacci scaled (4/13 - 1/4) = 3/52 such that a second LCM 1/18 allowed (3/52 - 1/18) = (54 -52)/936 = 1/468 meant

4/13 = 1/4 + 1/18 + 1/468, a less elegant series than Greeks and Egyptians would have written.

What is nothingness?

Discussion

3 replies

Asked 13 October 2019

Fayez Fok Al Adeh

The history of science is the history of the thinking mind. The thinking mind invented a set of terms which is always growing. We find in this set terms like: time,galaxy,matter,energy ,star,nothingness,......etc.The activities of scientists concentrated and concentrates on establishing relations among the elements of subsets of this set. Why the term "nothingness" is always excluded of these efforts?

Who has scientific references and/or images proving the use of wheat straw to "milk" animal in old times?

In some books, the first milking techniques refer to egyptian or mesopotamian use of cereal straw inserted in teat canal to drain milk outside the udder but without any references or illustration. We can also read some report of usage of small bone cannula (from bird) for this pupose. Such facts gave some development of teat cannula in the1800's as the first steps before machine milking development. If you have any references about straw usage of small bones usage as cannula, even in more recent times, please let me know! Many thanks by advance.

8 answers

Asked 21 November 2014

Pierre Guy Marnet

Até que ponto as métricas utilizadas nos ambientes online são capazes de aferir a real importância dos trabalhos científicos?

Tem predominado nos ambientes científicos um quantitativismo que aparentemente gera uma ilusão de relevância científica. Na história da ciência, há autores importantes que publicaram muito pouco. Há autores que só foram valorizados tempos depois de sua morte. Como avaliar corretamente a relevância científica, para além das métricas que hoje dominam o meio científico?

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Asked 5 July 2019

Luiz Signates

What is the future of environmental history?

I read very interesting book - http://www.carsoncenter.uni-muenchen.de/download/publications/perspectives/2011_perspectives/issue6.pdf

12 answers

Asked 3 March 2014

Hrvoje Petric

I read an interview with Verena Winiwarter, Austrian Academic of the Year, which shows that environmental historians are important in society. The complete interview is available - http://seeingthewoods.org/2014/02/13/an-interview-with-verena-winiwarter-austrian-academic-of-the-year/

I need references (articles, theses, books) about the hunting of turtles in the eighteenth century.

Hunting and extinction of the turtles in the 18th century

7 answers

Asked 10 July 2013

Christian Fausto Moraes dos Santos

How to expose insidious tacit assumptions, which sidetrack scientific progress into wrong path (leading to scientific crisis), if not exposed?

Most of us assume, what we experience or thought as facts of nature. Let me explain this based on my experience. I grow up in a remote village in India. One of the most fascinating thing I saw around the age of 10 was a Magnet, which was taken out of a dynamo of a bicycle and my fiend showed me in the school. I wanted one and nagged my parents, and finally they barrowed one form a bicycle repair shop for few days for me to play with it. One of the fascinating thing was, how small gains of iron stick to it.

8 answers

Asked 25 February 2016

Raju Chiluvuri

After few years, in the science class I learned about the Universal gravity. If was unbelievable and fascinating again to learn that I am a miniscule gain of iron stuck to the huge magnet – The Earth. Up until that time, I was of the impression that the Earth is round disk and one could fall-off, if he runs to the edge of the Earth.

My tacit assumptions were shaped by my experiences and my friends talking about the edge of the disk shaped earth and falling off the Edge etc. If I were not a boy and not thought from the science book, I might have refused to accept that the Earth is a huge Magnet. Even it contradicted my perception of reality, I was forced to accept it, because I had no choice (but few adults supported my view, I might had refuse to accept it).

How is it possible to expose such insidious tacit assumption, if it exists in any modern scientific discipline in the 21st century? The scientist and researchers feel that they know everything and it is impossible to have such insidious flaw in their knowledge. They refuse to accept anything that doesn’t fit their perception of reality. Every other researcher and expert are in support of their perception of reality, so they have no reason to accept the error in tacit assumption: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295525659_Tacit_assumptions_or_Implicit_assumptions_if_they_are_flawed_leads_to_paradoxical_paradigm_and_scientific_crisis

Best Regards,

Raju Chiluvuri

Article Tacit assumptions or Implicit assumptions (if they are flawe...

Can someone point me towards various ancient research methods?

I'm interested in comparing Indigenous research methods with other ancient cultures. Indigenous research methods are relatively well documented for Australian Aboriginals, New Zealand Maori and North American Indians. I was hoping to locate examples of other non-Western (non-Eurocentric) research methods used by cultures, such as China, Africa, South America, India etc. For example, what methodology did the Chinese use to develop their knowledge of Chinese medicine? I realise these methods may not have been documented or may be in a non-English language. Any leads would be helpful at this stage.

25 answers

Asked 14 April 2015

Reece George

Was the passage from analytical mechanics to quantum mechanics smooth and logical?