Where can I find the astrophysical S-factors for those thermonuclear reactions that produce electron neutrinos?

I wonder if we can list direct methods to solve the optimal control problem. I would start with:

1. Steepest descent method

Can anyone add more? With appreciations.

Is there any tips or article references as to easily investigate the connecting loops from AIA 171 angstrom by using eyes, as to determine the polarity of the sunspots as trigerring the flares?

Can anybody please share the IDL source code for Hapke photometric modeling?

Thank you,

What are the major unsolved theoretic problems on the astrophysical dust molecular clouds and their evolutionary dynamics?

We know that the equilibrium condition for neutron star. But I do not know in the case of hyperon star. Is it same or not?

While I looked through a set of commands which has to be included for each of hybrid functionals, I found some weird information.

VASP wiki site suggests us to use the following commands for PBE0 functional.

LHFCALC = .TRUE.

AEXX=0.25, AGGAX=0.75, AGGAC=1.0 and ALDAC=1.0

GGA = PE

Most of other hybrid functionals (HSE03, HSE06) are also suggested to use AGGAC=1.0 and ALDAC=1.0.

I could guess from this information (AGGAC=1.0; ALDAC=1.0) that AGGAC means just a gradient correction itself introduced to LDA.

Therefore, in my opinion, GGA (AGGAC=1.0 and ALDAC=1.0) contains the contributions of both the electron density and the gradient of the electron density to the correlation energy.

In contrast, AGGAC=1.0 and ALDAC=0.0 indicates the contribution of the electron density gradient only to the correlation energy.

I think that this is the main reason why VASP wiki suggest AGGAC=1.0 and ALDAC=1.0 instead of AGGAC=1.0 and ALDAC=0.0.

However, my understanding constructed on the basis of the afore-mentioned information has been messed up due to the commands for B3LYP.

VASP wiki site suggests us to use the following commands for B3LYP functional.

LHFCALC = .TRUE.

GGA = B3

AEXX = 0.2

AGGAX = 0.72

AGGAC = 0.81

ALDAC = 0.19

I have no idea of why the site suggests ALDAC=0.19 instead of ALDAC=1.0, although B3LYP uses the combination of the purely electron density-based correlation energy (LDA) of 19% and the gradient-corrected LDA correlation energy (GGA) of 81% by definition.

I think AGGAC=0.81 and ALDAC=0.19 means LDA of 19% and just gradient correction of 81%.

Hello,

Are we (me excluded) sure that an electron is a particle ?

If not, is its nature "countable" ?

Today if someone asks you to show them (experimentally of course) what is the number of electron in an atom what will you do.

Thank you in advance

I solved the two mentioned conflicts by suggesting a postulate states that “force of gravitation has a maximum and a minimum limit that at it, the force of gravitation is constant independent of space” or in other words “the force of gravitation has a finite range”, thus if the mass of the center of the orbital system is huge enough, its gravitational force can reach to the maximum limit of attraction, so the force of gravitation between it and other surrounding bodies in the orbital system be constant independent of space, while if mass of a body is small enough (e.g. electrons), its gravitational force can reach to the minimum limit of attraction, so the force of gravitation between the two electrons be constant independent of space between them.