What were the "typical" roles of Alaskan Native men, prior to contact?

The classic normative ethnographic view is that Inuit men hunted, fished, and were responsible for most of the subsistence work. Women did the critical tasks of clothing manufacture, butchering game for storage, cooking, and childcare. Women did help with fishing and collected some plant foods in places where that was possible. If your non-anthropology colleagues is interested, the Vilhjalmur Stefansson reference below is a fun non-technical read (no quantified data), and is commonly available in a re-issued paperback edition. There is a very large ethnographic literature on Inuit peoples. Some of what is below represent common and classic descriptive references that address the question you are asking about men's and women's roles and there are some quantified data (esp. Smith). These only scratch the surface of the Inuit literature that is particularly relevant to gender roles. The Nelson 1983 is a descriptive ethnography about Athabaskans in central Alaska, nit Inuit, but also discusses men's and women's activities in the subarctic environmental zone. 

Boas, Franz, 1888. The Central Eskimo. Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Americna Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington. (re-issued 1964,Bison Books, Univ of Nebraska Press, Lincoln)

Guemple, Lee, 1995. Gender in Inuit Society. In: Women and Power in Native North America, L. F. Klein & L. A. Ackerman, eds., pp 17-27. Univ of Oklahoma Press, Norman.

Murdoch, John, 1892. Ethnological Results of the Point Barrow Expedition. In: The Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1887-88, pp. 3-441.                                     Government Printing Office (re-issued 1988, Smithsonian Institution Press), Washington.

Nelson, Edward William, 1899. The Eskimo About Bering Strait. In: The Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896-97, pp. 3-518. Government Printing Office (re-issued 1983, Smithsonian Institution Press), Washington. 

Nelson, Richard, K. 1983. Make Prayers to the Raven: The Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago. 

Oswalt, Wendell, 1967. Alaskan Eskimos. Chandler Publishing Co., New York. 

Savishinsky, Joel S. 1974. The Trail of the Hare: Life and Stress in an Arctic Community. Gordon & Beach Science Publishers, Inc. New York. 

Smith, Eric Alden, 1991. Inujjuamuit Foraging Strategies: Evolutionary Ecology of Arctic Hunting Economy. Aldine de Gruyter, New York.

Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 1922. Hunters of the Great North. Harcourt, Brace , New York. (reissued in 1992, Paragon House, New York

Thank you Rusty, that is exactly the kind of answer I was hoping for.

Your most welcome-

Nanook of the North, by Robert Flaherty, is perhaps the first documentary film ever made. It concerns the lives of Inuit men, and you may find it helpful.