Question
Asked 26 April 2022

What statistical tool fits this research design?

Hi, I have an assignment using a 5-point Likert scale (about frequency) to test the frequency of self reported inner speech and wether it correlates with language proficiency (I’ll use language test scores for that). I have no background in statistics and I’ve never done this sort of thing before. How can I analyze and interpret my data, and what tests do I need to use? My sample size isn’t big, it’s rather small. I googled it but all the stuff I read presume I have background knowledge, and I don’t.

Most recent answer

Hasan Issa Mirza
University of Baghdad
اذا كانت البيانات الخام هي اسمية يجب تحويللها الى ارقام او اعداد لكي يتم معرفة نوع الاداوت الاحصائية اذا كانت تريد معرفة الفروق استخدام معادلة t-teast واستخدام معادلة ليفين لاختبار التجانس
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All Answers (4)

David Eugene Booth
Kent State University
Well you could ask your instructor could you not? Best wishes David Booth
Shamima Raihan Manzoor Tania
Multimedia University
Hi! I also agree with David. Usually it depends on your research objectives. Thanks
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Sreekutty M J
Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous)
check whether this would help you or not.
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Hasan Issa Mirza
University of Baghdad
اذا كانت البيانات الخام هي اسمية يجب تحويللها الى ارقام او اعداد لكي يتم معرفة نوع الاداوت الاحصائية اذا كانت تريد معرفة الفروق استخدام معادلة t-teast واستخدام معادلة ليفين لاختبار التجانس
1 Recommendation

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Research interests about Pragmatics, Discourse analysis, Second Language acquisition?
Question
3 answers
  • Hamza HabibHamza Habib
Body language and tone of voice augment actual words
Speech acts, conversational maxims of Grice, implicature
Pragmatics
Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics that studies how context influences the interpretation of meaning in language. It goes beyond the literal meaning of words to understand how language is used in real-life situations.
Speech Acts
Speech acts are communicative actions performed through language, such as making statements, asking questions, giving commands, making promises, and more. J.L. Austin and John Searle are two prominent figures in this theory. Speech acts can be categorized into:
- Locutionary Acts: The act of producing sounds and words.
- Illocutionary Acts: The intention behind the utterance (e.g., requesting, promising).
- Perlocutionary Acts: The effect on the listener (e.g., persuading, frightening).
Grice's Conversational Maxims
H.P. Grice proposed four conversational maxims that guide effective communication:
1. Maxim of Quantity: Provide the right amount of information—not too little, not too much.
2. Maxim of Quality: Be truthful and do not provide false or misleading information.
3. Maxim of Relation: Be relevant and stay on topic.
4. Maxim of Manner: Be clear, brief, and orderly; avoid ambiguity.
Implicature
Implicature refers to what is suggested in an utterance, even if not explicitly stated. Grice introduced the concept to explain how listeners can infer additional meaning based on the context and the conversational maxims. There are two main types:
- Conventional Implicature: Meaning that is tied to specific words or phrases (e.g., "but" implies contrast).
- Conversational Implicature: Meaning derived from context and conversational principles (e.g., inferring "there is no milk" from "the store is closed").
These concepts help us understand the intricate ways in which meaning is constructed and interpreted in communication.

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