What is inside an outer space black hole?

We know that our star, the Sun loses about 10^-14 of its mass per year as a result of electromagnetic radiation and particle emission. That reduction in mass should show up as a decreasing gravitational red shift. Same thing should happen to entire galaxies. But isn't it true that the galaxies we observe that are farther from Earth are also the younger we see (because light has taken millions of years more to come to us) and, as a consequence the more massive when we consider entire galaxies? (Because we cannot possibly see them as they are, but as they were millions of years ago.) Shouldn't we expect, correspondingly that the gravitational red shift of an observed galaxy will increase with its distance to Earth?

Was our sun formed first, and then the planets around the sun were formed by the strong gravity of the sun from galaxies and dying stars, or did the sun and the planets of the solar system form at the same time, and is Laplace's theory correct or not? ?

As you know, in the beginning, Laplace's theory says that a hot mass with hot rings formed around the star, and the rings gradually turned into planets, and the ones that were close to them became rocky, and the distant planets turned into gas planets. But later, the views of the formation of the planets of the solar system changed and were divided into 3 categories. One is the theory of the ring, which was confirmed by Laplace, and the second was the theory of the nebula, which was formed by Govich's star, and due to the gravity and power of the star, from the death of a star and the dust inside the orchids, this nebula around our star is They formed the sun, and over time, those that were close to the sun became rocky planets, and those that were far from the sun, gas planets. Of course, the grief of each of the planets of the solar system can be studied separately, why, for example, the soil of Mars is red and why it has so many volcanoes, or the planet Saturn, which is the bride of the solar system; Why is there a ring of ice, rock and poisonous gases, or why is it on the planet Jupiter? Why do very violent storms happen and the big eye of Jupiter is very powerful and the speed of the storms of this huge planet which has the largest mass in the solar system after the sun and why it has so much gravity and a huge magnetism that about 62 moons around it becomes Now, the new opinions about the sun, which says that the galaxy is like a lion, which has 5 branches of the Milky Way galaxy, which, according to astronomers, is due to the gravitational force of the galaxy that has swallowed the smaller galaxy, and that smaller galaxy around this galaxy causes formed the branches of this galaxy. This universe with so many stars and planets and small galaxies is like the oceans of the earth that catch big fish and small fish. It is the same in the universe that big stars can catch small stars around. attract themselves, for example, create binary stars, and large galaxies can merge their smaller galaxies inside themselves.

AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) are high energy galaxies powered by supermassive blackholes. The evolution of a galaxy is characterized by parameters such as luminosity and redshift. The redshift is a measure of how far away a celestial object such as a star is away from earth as a frame of reference.

In light of my paper "Dark Matter is Just Gravity, Only Normal Matter is the Truth" (Indian Journal of Advanced Physics, October 2023), which demonstrated that dark matter is essentially gravity, a pertinent discussion arises about dark energy. Could dark energy, like normal energy, simply be a force we already understand, causing the universe's expansion and the movement of objects within it? This parallels the understanding of dark matter not as a mysterious entity but as a familiar force affecting planetary and galactic movements.

The question now is whether the research community on platforms like ResearchGate agrees with this perspective. Why do we tend to label unexplained phenomena as "dark" or mysterious, when perhaps they are simply manifestations of forces we encounter daily? By shedding light on these concepts, we might discover that what we perceive as "dark" is actually well within our grasp of understanding. Can we collectively agree that embracing the light of scientific inquiry could dispel the so-called darkness surrounding these cosmic forces?

Does "dark matter" make up large proportions of those galaxies?

Newtonian gravity behaves differently at very large scales of mass and distance, i.e., galaxy scales, in contra-indication to the assumption that massive quantities of invisible, or "dark matter" make up large proportions of those galaxies.

… Read more

Preston Guynn added a reply

Your discussion statement question is:

The phrase "Newtonian gravity" refers to a very specific equation relating mass and acceleration, so saying it behaves differently under some condition is not a correct usage of the phrase. Newtonian gravity is Newtonian gravity, and it gives incorrect results at scales greater than the solar system. There is a significant body of research on modified Newtonian gravity, and you can find it by searching on the phrase or "MOND".

Your question"Does dark matter make up large proportion of those galaxies?" is the question that numerous branches of research are investigating either experimentally or theoretically. First of course is the search for any experimental evidence of any matter that couples gravitationally but not via the electromagnetic field. No evidence of any such matter has been found. Second is that there is no such matter expected from current models such as the so called standard model of physics.

Even if there were some type of matter that couples gravitationally but not via electro-magnetic coupling, the number of non-conforming physical observations cannot be solved by such matter. The galaxies not only have a rotation that is unexplained by GR, but the galaxies interacting in clusters, and the clusters of galaxies interacting in superclusters could not simultaneously be described by such matter regardless of its distribution patterns. Additionally, gravitational lensing observed due to galaxies and clusters of galaxies could not be described by GR simply by applying such conjectured matter. The number of non-conforming observations cannot be solved by adding matter or energy, so general relativity should be abandoned as a dead end. Newtonian gravity does not apply, and no known modification of Newtonian gravity describes all the observed interactions. Modern physics will only progress when GR is abandoned and my research based on special relativity is adopted. See

Article The Physical Basis of the Fine Structure Constant in Relativ...

Article Thomas Precession is the Basis for the Structure of Matter and Space

For some insights on dark matter see :

Article Cold Dark Matter and Strong Gravitational Lensing: Concord o...

Abbas Kashani added a reply

Dear and respected Preston Gan

Researcher in Guynn Engineering

United States of America

You answered my question very well. Thank you very much for your excellent and technical explanations. You made me proud and I am happy for you because you are a great scientist. Thank you Abbas

Jouni Laine added a reply

According to my theory, the influence of quantum entanglement on spacetime curvature could provide an alternative explanation for the gravitational effects attributed to dark matter in galaxies. Traditional models suggest that large proportions of invisible “dark matter” are required to account for the observed gravitational behavior at galaxy scales. This is because, under Newtonian gravity, the visible mass of galaxies cannot account for the gravitational forces observed, leading to the hypothesis that there must be additional, unseen mass—dark matter.

However, my research proposes that quantum entanglement could be influencing spacetime curvature in a way that mimics the effects of this “missing” dark matter. If quantum entanglement can alter the curvature of spacetime, it might enhance the gravitational pull within galaxies without requiring massive quantities of unseen matter. This would mean that the observed discrepancies at galactic scales could be due to quantum entanglement effects rather than vast amounts of dark matter.

In this view, while dark matter has been the dominant explanation, it might be possible that the gravitational anomalies are instead the result of entanglement-induced modifications to spacetime. This theory could offer a new perspective on why Newtonian gravity appears to behave differently at large scales, suggesting that the need for dark matter could be reconsidered in light of quantum effects on gravity.

Abbas Kashani added a reply

Dear Johnny Line, greetings and respect

You answered my question very well. Thank you very much for your excellent and technical explanations. You made me proud and I am happy for you because you are a great scientist. Thank you Abbas

Here are some questions related to galaxy evolution, stellar formation, and the cosmological constant:

### Questions on Galaxy Evolution

1. **What are the key processes that drive the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time?**

2. **How do mergers between galaxies influence their structure and star formation rates?**

3. **What role does dark matter play in the formation and evolution of galaxies?**

4. **How do environmental factors, such as galaxy clusters, affect the evolution of individual galaxies?**

5. **What are the observed differences in evolution between spiral and elliptical galaxies?**

6. **How does the metallicity of a galaxy influence its evolutionary path?**

7. **What mechanisms regulate star formation within galaxies at different evolutionary stages?**

8. **How do feedback processes from supernovae and active galactic nuclei impact galaxy evolution?**

### Questions on Stellar Formation

1. **What are the primary conditions necessary for the formation of massive stars?**

2. **How do variations in the interstellar medium (ISM) affect the efficiency of star formation?**

3. **What role do magnetic fields play in the formation and evolution of stars?**

4. **How does competitive accretion contribute to the growth of stars in dense clusters?**

5. **What are the implications of stellar winds on the mass limits of forming stars?**

6. **How does the initial mass function (IMF) relate to the processes of stellar formation?**

7. **What is the significance of Population III stars in the context of early galaxy formation?**

8. **How do simulations of star formation compare with observational data from young star clusters?**

### Questions on the Cosmological Constant

1. **What is the cosmological constant, and how does it relate to the expansion of the universe?**

2. **How does the cosmological constant influence the evolution of large-scale structures in the universe?**

3. **What evidence supports the existence of the cosmological constant in contemporary cosmology?**

4. **How does the cosmological constant affect theories of dark energy and the fate of the universe?**

5. **What are the implications of a varying cosmological constant for galaxy formation and evolution?**

6. **How do different models of the cosmological constant compare with observations of cosmic microwave background radiation?**

7. **What challenges exist in reconciling the cosmological constant with quantum field theories?**

8. **How does the cosmological constant factor into current debates about the accelerating expansion of the universe?**

Feel free to modify or expand on these questions based on your specific interests or focus areas!

Methinks the next outstanding breakthrough in physics would be the discovery of a particle (an entity) that can self-propel from zero m/s to greater than, the speed of light without the added complication of increasing infinite mass. Mankind needs such entity system for intergalactic exploration. And as substrate for propulsion-aid space travel, uh? Already bored of Earth? “This World Is Not My Home …”

Will the planet earth be destroyed before the supernova explosion or after the supernova explosion?

As you know, the evolution of every star from Hayil Govich to star formation and star birth, which is formed by electrons, protons and neutrons, and due to the interactions of these electrons, protons and neutrons inside the Goviches after 2 Millions of years and heating and turning into stars inside the nebulae of galactic clusters lead to the birth of stars inside the galaxies and nebulae. Now, after it turns into a star, at first they have a faint blue light that can be identified by powerful telescopes. And he recorded it under our name or in English, according to Russell's theory and Russell's curve, which says that at first the light of the stars is pale blue, and after a while it turns white, and after a period of time that will last millions of years. in yellow; that our sun is now yellow in color, that now about 4 billion and 600 million years have passed from the life of our sun and after that it turns orange and finally at the end of the life of the sun or star it turns red and the reason for the color The red color of these stars is due to the abundance of Alium gas in the star. Because the color of helium gas is red and because it has the property of escaping and opening, the star becomes bigger and bigger like a balloon and becomes a red giant or a new cloud. Of course, according to Einstein's theory, whose representative formula is E = MC2, which shows that the energy of the sun or star, according to quantum physics, inside the sun is hydrogen energy inside the sun. That is, 4 hydrogen molecules are converted into 2 or 1 helium molecules, and according to quantum physics, plasma physics or solar plasma physics, which some countries now want to use to produce electricity, not nuclear reactors, which are also less dangerous. They also produce more energy like the sun. And the property of hydrogen to helium is very high, and according to astronomers, the life of our sun is 10 billion years, and now it is almost half, and now it will end after 10 billion years, and the life of our sun will also end and turn into a cloud. The new star or giant becomes red. At this stage, the gravity of the sun or star increases, and according to astronomers, the gravity of the supernova increases so much that it can swallow all the planets of the solar system. And if it has escaped from the sun's gravity until then, after some time the sun or the star will turn into a supernova explosion, which is the explosion of the supernova and the transformation of that big star into a white dwarf, the gravity of the white dwarf is so great that even the surrounding light It devours itself and creates black holes, at which time no planet around it is safe (according to the theory of gravity) and this powerful energy of black holes will continue until the energy of white dwarfs and molecular collapse. which happens at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, and if two white dwarfs are trapped in a black hole, they will be more powerful. Of course, the white dwarfs themselves turn into black and brown dwarfs after some time and disappear in space. Now, how long will the life of the world and its creatures continue? Will these climate changes destroy the life of its creatures? Or that the planet Earth will continue to exist before the supernova explosion?

Starting from the universal gravitational potential V_u = c² = 2GM_u/R_u we might interpret c = √V_u as the escape velocity out of the visible universe. If c is independent of the location, ie we are not at the center of the universe as prescribed at the times of Galileo, the total universe should be unlimited.