Frankly speaking, all of these concepts are not actually "models" but more likely - schemes that list the actors in focus of the specific analysis and some predefined types of interactions to consider.
In fact all of them can be considered advanced approaches that can help to guide our analysis in what concerns innovation systems. Triplex helix, quadruple helix and so on give us a structured approach to study regional/national innovation systems.
Centre for Economic and Regional Studies Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence
Your question and the explanation point to different directions: your question seems to be about innovation systems themselves, while the explanation is about various approaches to analyse innovation systems.
Be more precise and specific to obtain relevant answers.
As a short introduction you might want to have a look at my paper, which can be downloaded from RG: The persistent high-tech myth and policy implications for the EU10 countries
It would be also good to know why you have asked this question.
Thank you for these valuable answers. Your replies helped me correct my understanding; accordingly, my question might be reformulated as follow:
What are the similarities and differences among the various approaches of the National system of innovation?
I have posted this question because I am preparing a paper on the National Innovation System In Developing Countries, especially in Resource-Rich Countries like Algeria
Good question. There are several terms that have been used by researchers and policy makers over the years including innovation systems, clusters and triple helix. The term, entrepreneurial ecosystems is the latest in the rhetoric.
Most of these terms seem to have the similarity of involving the three main players of government, university and business. However, there are differences in terms of the geographic frame of reference – regional, national, global etc. Clusters usually refer to regions while national innovation systems (NIS) refer to the national level and regional innovation systems (RIS) refer to the regional level. Another difference it whether it is limited to one sector/industry or whether it refers to multiple sectors. For instance clusters usually refer to one sector while innovation systems may refer to multiple ones (unless the study specifies sectoral innovation system (SIS)).
See the following article:
Rampersad, G. C. (2015). Managing Innovation Clusters: A Network Approach. Journal of Management and Strategy, 6(3), p9.
One problem is that 'innovation systems' is a language invented to focus attention on the production of new things and away from conventional measures of economies such as GDP or production output. However, typically papers do not actually describe a system such as would be needed in a natural sciences course, the best we can come to is describing the structures of a system (Benoit Godin has a new paper out on 'models' in innovation). Therefore, researchers need to choose between focusing on the production of innovations, the institutional arrangements that support innovation (triple helix etc or or the production and linkage structures (clusters etc). Resource rich economies (developed or underdeveloped) post a particular problem for innovation thinking with its particular focus on industries that produce exciting things (ICT) - see Ben Martin's new paper on SPRU website. The question for mineral resource rich economies is are they increasing productivity or are they diversifying their economic base - knowledge based services see papers by Cooper Langford on Alberta Canada. etc . Agricultural RRE's have an extra alternative which is that they need to keep working on the crop varieties. An additional variable to keep in mind is that with surplus cash some RRE's probably generate too much entrepreneurship.
This paper aims at analyzing the dynamic technological transition of a Naional Innovation System (subsequently abbreviated as NIS) through a theoretical model of complex system, presented in a non-linear difference equation. This paper shall also specify the way through which a hypothetical technological paradigm may be explored and the forces that...
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