Question
Asked 27th May, 2020

Weak Form of mixed-formulation for time-domain wave equation ?

Hello! I apologize for the long question, but I’m a bit lost so I’ll try to be as precise as I can.
I am trying to implement a time-domain PML formulation for wave propagation, which can be found in this work
Here, the author has developed a set of equations to deal with the wave propagation in fluid and solid medium (please refer to eq. 5.9 of the work as I can't copy-paste them here). They are valid throughout the whole domain (PML and the physical domain), and within the physical domain the equations simplify to the general wave equation.
I'm using FEniCS as the Finite Element solver, and I need to provide the weak form of the PDE I'm willing to solve. Fortunately the weak form is in the work too (please see eqs. 5.10a-d).
I'm concerned only with the wave propagation in the fluid region, so I consider only eqs. 5.10a and 5.10c. Moreover, in eq. 5.10a, I believe the term with the integral over gamma vanishes as there is no fluid-solid interface.
The problem is I need to provide the Weak Form in only one equation. I'm confused with the term d phi/dxj and I'm not sure how to rewrite eqs. 5.10a and 5.10c in the form a=L.
Can someone help me with this?
Many thanks!

Most recent answer

28th May, 2020
Lucas Ramos Vieira
Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS)
Well, I have some experience with FEniCS. I think my question could be summarized into "how to write a linear system AX = b or a variational form a==L or F==0 out of this system of two equations?"
I think it is possible to rewrite the equations in a coordinate free form, this can help. But still, as far as I know, I have to put them all together to solve this using FEniCS.
Is it possible?
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All Answers (4)

28th May, 2020
Chennakesava Kadapa
Edinburgh Napier University
These equations are written in index notation.
dphi_i/dx_j is the spatial derivative of the test function for the coordinate i wrt to coordinate j.
If you are new to FEniCS, then I suggest starting with weak formulation for the problem in a single variable to understand the syntax and then go to multiple variables. Refer to the FEniCS manual and tutorials on Poisson equation and elasticity.
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28th May, 2020
Dudley J Benton
McHale Performance
You are predetermining (and limiting) the outcome by choosing to use FEniCS. You see this immediately, as you must solve a "weak form of the PDE" instead of the full governing equations. Many similar problems can be found in the open literature, most of which do not use this method. More often than not, previous researchers have successfully used the FDM, especially in the fields of aeronautics, electromagnetics, and oceanography. Implementation of the boundary conditions is significantly complicated by the approach you have chosen.
1 Recommendation
28th May, 2020
Lucas Ramos Vieira
Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS)
Well, I have some experience with FEniCS. I think my question could be summarized into "how to write a linear system AX = b or a variational form a==L or F==0 out of this system of two equations?"
I think it is possible to rewrite the equations in a coordinate free form, this can help. But still, as far as I know, I have to put them all together to solve this using FEniCS.
Is it possible?
1 Recommendation

Similar questions and discussions

How to implement boundary condition in finite element method when the global stiffness matrix is stored in C.S.R format?
Question
Be the first to answer
  • Reza BozorgpourReza Bozorgpour
I am wondering how Dirichlet boundary conditions in global sparse finite element matrices are actually implemented efficiently. For example lets say that our global finite element matrix was:
K=[5 2 0 -1; 2 4 1 0; 0 1 6 3; -1 0 3 7]
And right-hand side vector b:
b=[b1; b2; b3; b4]
Then to apply a Dirichlet condition on the first node (x1=c) we would zero out the first row, put a 1 at K11, and subtract the first column from the right-hand side. For example our system would become:
K=[1 0 0 0; 0 4 1 0; 0 1 6 3; 0 0 3 7]
Right-hand side:
b=[c; b2-2*c; b3-0*c; b4+1*c]
This is all well and good in theory, but if our K matrix is stored in compressed row format (CRS) then moving the columns to the right-hand side becomes expensive for large systems (with many nodes being dirichlet). An alternative would be to not move the columns corresponding to a Dirichlet condition to the right-hand side, i.e. our system would become:
K=[1 0 0 0; 2 4 1 0; 0 1 6 3; -1 0 3 7]
b=[c; b2;b3;b4]
This however has a major draw back in that the system is no longer symmetric and so we could no longer use preconditioned conjugate gradient (or other symmetric solvers). As far as I know there are a lot of commercial and non-commercial codes using csr format and solving boundary condition problems and
I am assuming that there is probably some standard efficient method used in these commercial or non-commercial codes that solves this problem (obviously I not expecting people to know all the inner workings of every commercial finite element solver, but this problem seems fundamental enough that someone likely has worked on such projects and could provide guidance). I would be grateful if you could help me with detail.
P.S
I am solving the poisson equation with finite element method using simplex triangular element. I stored the non_zero value of global stiffness matrix in compressed row storage format. Also I'm using preconditioned conjugate gradient method parallelized with MPI for solving the system of linear equations. The bottleneck of my work is how to apply the boundary condition in this format.

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