It is a fact that dust is ubiquitous almost in all the sectors of astrophysical fluids. Can anyone give the "dust-to-gas ratio" in varied cases?

Can any body name some astrophysical fluid instabilities still lacking theoretical explanation?

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB). (question  edit  March 29, 2016)

Assume very dense proto-stellar formation prior to a cosmic inflation event as hypothesized in The Pearlman SPIRAL cosmological redshift hypothesis and no ongoing cosmic expansion subsequent to that cosmic inflation event.

Could the cause of the CMB be from:

Prior to the stellar formation?

During stellar formation?

Post stellar formation?

Prior to that cosmic inflation event?

during that event?

at the very end of that event?

Under The Standard Cosmology Model (SCM) the current distance to the most distant visible galaxies is 46.5 B LY. Is that understanding correct?

CMB-LEAK:

A sub-hypothesize in SPIRAL is the CMB should 'leak' have dissipated 1 LY per year radius beyond the most distant galaxy.

If valid under SCM the CMB is spread out over an area of a sphere with a radius of at least 59.99 B LY = 46.5B + 13.4B is this already established or a published hypothesis?

If CMB does not 'leak' / spread beyond the most distant stars at 1 LY per year why not?

.

Thank you in advance for any and all proposed solutions you can think of. r

Astrophysical fluids are nonthermal in nature. Could you please provide a list (preferably, tabular form) of various nothermal distribution laws for the constitutional particles relevant in large-scale astrophysical fluids?

The existence of turbulence in astrophysical fluids has been living as a well-known unsolved problem for a couple of decades. The range transitions among three distinct scales of the micro-fluidic kinetics are still lying obscure. In this context, is there any equation of state to describe turbulent fluid media in the fabric of the modified (by turbulence) macroscopic Navier-Stokes equation?

Suppose there is a spherical mass that is *almost* a black hole. It should be possible to measure the distance from the center of the sphere out to an imaginary spherical surface a long distance R away from the center. If we measured the surface area of that imaginary sphere, would it equal 4*pi*R^2?

I have a follow-up question, based on the answer.

the nature of time

Astrophysical fluids are gyratory and nonthermal in collective response. Is there any polytropic equation of state involving fluid rotation and nonthermal effects?

We get this conclusion theoretically, but how?